scholarly journals Analysis of Ganja Chemical Content (Cannabis Sativa L.) Discussion Results in the Aceh Regional Police Region Using the GC-MS Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Ungkap Siahaan, Harlem Marpaung, Tamrin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Human Selection

Cannabis (Cannabissativa L.) is an annual plant, which can grow and spread in tropical or sub-tropical regions with a height of one to five meters (Emcdda, 2015). Human selection is done for various uses and climate-influenced natural selection produces various varieties and chemical compositions. Analysis of the chemical content of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L) as a result of confiscation in the Aceh Regional Police, namely Lhokseumawe Regional Police, Pidie Regional Police, East Aceh Regional Police (Idi Rayeuk), Benar Meriah Regional Police and Central Aceh Regional Police (Takengon) were conducted by GC-MS method. Cannabis was extracted with n-hexane and marijuana extract was analyzed by GC-MS. ?9-THC and CBC compounds were found in all marijuana samples, CBN was found in 4 origin areas except Central Aceh Police Station, 2-Metoxy-5-isopropilaxy-7-propenylnaphthquinone was found in two police stations from Pidie Police and Central Aceh District Police. The biggest concentration of ?9-THC is 80.92% of the East Aceh Police Station; ?9-THCV is from two original police stations, namely East Aceh Police and Benar Meriah Police; CBN is the biggest 14.25% of Polres Benar Meriah; The biggest CBC is 10.98 from the East Aceh District Police..

scholarly journals Proximate, Amino Acid Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Woton (Sterculia sp.) Leaves from Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia

Jurnal Airaha ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-007
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sayuti ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
Intanurfemi B. Hismayasari ◽  
Ahmad Yani ◽  
Saidin
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Inhibition Response ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Woton (Sterculia sp.) plant is an endemic plant of  Papua and West Papua, Indonesia that has many benefits for the community. This research aims to examine the contents of proximate, amino acid, and antibacterial activity from the leaves extract of two plants namely Sterculia shilinglawii and Sterculia tragacantha. The sample of Sterculia sp. leaves are cleaned, dried, and milled. Then, its chemical composition, amino acid, and bacterial activity are analyzed using a standard procedure. The chemical composition was analyzed using standard AOAC, amino acid was examined using LCMS and antibacterial activity was analyzed using barrier zone against the bacteria that attack the fish. The research results showed that the chemical compositions of Sterculia sp. leaves are carbohydrates, protein, water, ash and fat. The main amino acid contents of woton (Sterculia sp.) leaves are L-Arginine, L-Valine, L-Proline, L-Alanine. Bacterial Test Results showed  that woton (Sterculia sp.) leaves extract has intermediate inhibition response against V. algynoliticus. It has been concluded that Sterculia sp. leaves have the potential chemical content.

scholarly journals Hydrogeology and Hydrogeochemistry of the Lauria Mountains Northern Sector Groundwater Resources (Basilicata, Italy)

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomena Canora ◽  
Giovanna Rizzo ◽  
Simona Panariello ◽  
Francesco Sdao
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Northern Sector

In this study, the hydrogeological characterization of the northern sector of the Lauria Mounts carbonate hydrostructure (southern Apennines, Basilicata region) has been carried out and the hydrochemical properties of different collected groundwater samples have been characterized. Several normal springs drain the hydrostructure, some of them characterized by high annual mean discharges. Groundwater samples were collected from different springs; many parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids have been measured, and major (cations and anions) elements and stable isotopes have been analysed following standard test procedures. Other chemical characteristics were derived from the analysed quality parameters. The results elucidate that the main hydrogeochemical processes control the chemical content and assess the quality of the groundwater within the hydrostructure. The analyses highlight that the chemical compositions of groundwater are strongly influenced by the lithology, especially limestones and dolomitic limestones; they explain and confirm the hydrogeological setting of the system. The groundwater system displays light different geochemical signatures. The processes contributing to the concentrations of major ions depend primarily on carbonate dissolution. The analysis, in all studied groundwater samples, shows that the facies groundwater type is Ca–HCO3, bicarbonate is the dominant anion, and calcium is the dominant cation with appreciable magnesium concentrations. To identify the aquifer’s recharge areas, the environmental stable isotopes oxygen and hydrogen, deuterium, and 18O were analysed. The unaltered δ18O and δD signatures for the groundwater of the major springs allows identifying the recharge area of these emergencies at elevations ranging from 900 m to 1000 m (a.s.l.), pointing out the presence of deeper flow regime feeding of these springs. The groundwater sample isotopic characteristics of D and 18O suggest that most of the groundwater is recharged directly by infiltration in a high-permeability medium.

Non-Destructive Assessment of Edible Seed Chemical Content by Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for the Improvement of Nutritional Traits in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Nadège Aurelie N’dri-Aya ◽  
◽  
Irié Vroh-Bi ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Non Destructive

The edible seeds of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] are rich in oils, proteins and minerals of high nutritional quality. They are highly prized in pan tropical regions where they constitute valuable resources for food and nutrition security. In this study, near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) was combined with chemometrics to assess the variability of seed chemical content of African cultivars for the selection of nutritional traits. Six hundred seeds of four accessions belonging to two cultivars were collected from the Ivory Coast (West Africa) and analysed. The NIR-HSI spectra collected on whole seeds in the 1100-2400 nm range revealed that the main absorption bands of the seed chemical content were associated with water, lipids and proteins. The absorbance values between seeds of the same accession in these spectral regions varied up to 1.8 folds. Among the two chemometric tools used, principal component analysis (PCA) did not separate the accessions while Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) discriminated the accessions with 87.33 % to 94.67 %, and the cultivars with 90 % to 92 % correct classification. Seed oils from bottle gourd are for instance rich in linoleic acid which is an essential fatty acid for human health. The non-destructive and qualitative determination of the content of single seeds was demonstrated in the study and provides the opportunity to select superior seeds for the improvement of key nutritional traits in bottle gourd. Lagenaria siceraria, near-infrared hyperspectral imaging, seed chemical content, PCA, PLS-DA, nutrition security

scholarly journals Over eight hundred cannabis strains characterized by the relationship between their psychoactive effects, perceptual profiles, and chemical compositions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alethia de la Fuente ◽  
Federico Zamberlan ◽  
Andrés Sánchez Ferrán ◽  
Facundo Carrillo ◽  
Enzo Tagliazucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Psychoactive Effects ◽  
Reliable Marker

AbstractBackgroundCommercially available cannabis strains have multiplied in recent years as a consequence of regional changes in legislation for medicinal and recreational use. Lack of a standardized system to label plants and seeds hinders the consistent identification of particular strains with their elicited psychoactive effects. The objective of this work was to leverage information extracted from large databases to improve the identification and characterization of cannabis strains.MethodsWe analyzed a large publicly available dataset where users freely reported their experiences with cannabis strains, including different subjective effects and flavour associations. This analysis was complemented with information on the chemical composition of a subset of the strains. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms were applied to classify strains based on self-reported and objective features.ResultsMetrics of strain similarity based on self-reported effect and flavour tags allowed machine learning classification into three major clusters corresponding to Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and hybrids. Synergy between terpene and cannabinoid content was suggested by significative correlations between psychoactive effect and flavour tags. The use of predefined tags was validated by applying semantic analysis tools to unstructured written reviews, also providing breed-specific topics consistent with their purported medicinal and subjective effects. While cannabinoid content was variable even within individual strains, terpene profiles matched the perceptual characterizations made by the users and could be used to predict associations between different psychoactive effects.ConclusionsOur work represents the first data-driven synthesis of self-reported and chemical information in a large number of cannabis strains. Since terpene content is robustly inherited and less influenced by environmental factors, flavour perception could represent a reliable marker to predict the psychoactive effects of cannabis. Our novel methodology contributes to meet the demands for reliable strain classification and characterization in the context of an ever-growing market for medicinal and recreational cannabis.

scholarly journals Vegetative growth of Cannabis sativa L. cultivars in Jamaica using 18/6 photoperiod

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Machel A. EMANUEL ◽  
Valrick V. HENRY ◽  
Dwight E. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Equatorial Climate ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Selection Of

Geographic isolation coupled with human selection of Cannabis sativa L. has given rise to the subspecies Cannabis sativa L. subspecies sativa and indica. Plant breeders have cross-pollinated the two subspecies sativa and indica which are considered to be Cannabis hybrids. The therapeutic and medical values of these subspecies are distinct in their applications for a cannabis consumer. The photo sensitive nature of cannabis allows for the manipulation of extending the vegetative cycle for cannabis cultivars that are not native to an equatorial climate. With the use of supplemental lighting to achieve a photo-period of 18/6 in Jamaica, the objective of the experiment is to determine which of the subspecies produces more biomass production vegetating under the same growing conditions in Jamaica. The data shows that despite the landrace sativa subspecies having the lowest leaf area index of 83.3 mm2, the photosynthetic capability produced an average height of 168.7 cm, 13.7 branches and129 leaves compared to a height of 143 cm,8.9 branches and 64 leaves for indica and a height of 132.2 cm, 6.6 branches and 66 leaves for the hybrid cultivar resulting in significant differences (p < 0.05) being observed among cultivars. Therefore, cultivating sativa type cultivars in Jamaica and tropical regions may require less energy input in a shorter time frame to achieve greater biomass output during the vegetative cycle, which may give rise to the possibility of harvesting greater yields with less inputs for the Tropical Ganja Farmer. Keywords: Cannabis sativa; Indica; Hybrid; landrace; Jamaica

scholarly journals Cannabis sativa L. chemical compositions as potential plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidinesynthase enzyme inhibitors: An in silico study for drug development

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1244-1250
Author(s):  
Pham Minh Quan ◽  
Le Thi Thuy Huong ◽  
Tran Quoc Toan ◽  
Nguyen Phi Hung ◽  
Pham Hai Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Autodock Vina ◽  
Lipinski’S Rule ◽  
Docking Energy

Abstract This study contributes to anti-malarial research effort by conducting in silico assessment of 125 compounds originated from Cannabis sativa L. against plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidinesynthase (pfDHFR-TS) enzyme for potential inhibition activity. Drug-like and pharmacokinetic criteria were used to assess the drug-like properties of the studied compounds. AutoDock4.2.6 and AutoDock Vina software were used to calculate the possible binding pose of the studied compounds to pfDHFR-TS enzyme. The docking procedure was validated using two known inhibitors cycloguanil and WR99210. 65 out of 125 compounds violated no more than 2 of Lipinski’s rule of five and were sorted out as favorable for drug development. Amongst these 65 compounds, pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity evaluation identified 60 compounds that meet the criteria of drug-like properties and were subjected to further docking studies. Docking outcomes identified 10 compounds including compounds 4, 9, 19, 22, 23, 25, 30, 42, 43, and 59 as potential candidates for inhibiting the function of pfDHFR-TS at the active site through hydrogen bonds with Ile14, Asp54, and Ile 164 residues. Compound 9 is considered as the top “hit” with docking energy far more exceeding those of the standard compounds. High correlation coefficient between the docking energy of AutoDock4.2.6 and AutoDock Vina was recorded with the value of R 2 = 0.74.

scholarly journals Correlation of trace element composition of oils and other caustobiolites with chemical content of different types of biota and the Upper, Middle and the Lower Earth's Crust

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Rodkin M. V. ◽  
Ngo Thi Lu ◽  
Punanova S. A.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Continental Crust ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Upper Crust ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
White Tiger

The trace element (TE) content of oils is known to have a polygenetic character and to be inherited from an organic matter, surrounding rocks and from formation waters. The presence of some TEs indicates the involvement of the deep source, at least from the Lower Crust.  However, these conclusions have a qualitative character. We present the results of the correlation analysis of TE content of oils with the chemical compositions of the Upper, Middle, and Lower Crust, with different types of organic matter, clays, and causetobiolites. A logarithmic instead of a linear scale for TE concentration values are used in calculations because the examining values change by several orders of magnitude. The TE compositions of clays, coals, and shales correlate better with the composition of the upper continental crust and an organic matter. In contrast, the TE contents in the majority of oils correlate stronger with the Lower crust, which indicates a significant contribution from the Lower continental crust. This finding points to the role that the uprising flow of fluid plays in the process of the formation of oil. Only young oils from Kamchatka and from White Tiger huge oil fields indicate a better correlation with the Upper crust. This finding is explained by the lower depth of formation of the uprising flow of deep waters because of higher deep temperatures in Kamchatka and in the White Tiger oil field area. The obtained trend of change of TE content in clays and different caustobiolites oils including is interpreted as a mixing line between the subsurface end member (which is characterized by high correlation with the chemical content of the Upper crust and biota) and the deep end member (high correlation with the chemical content of the Lower crust).

scholarly journals Allelopathic Properties of Hemp

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Bojan Konstantinović ◽  
Anamarija Koren ◽  
Mirjana Kojić ◽  
Nataša Samardžić ◽  
Vladimir Sikora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Summary Allelopathic effects of different plant allelochemicals have become the focus of studies that aim to determine new pesticidal compounds. Plant extracts with different chemical compositions can be obtained using different methods of extraction, whereas studies dealing with allelopathic properties use biotests to obtain fast and precise results. Such studies were undertaken after noticing the allelopathic effects of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on the surrounding crops. Trials that involve the application of hemp extracts obtained by different methods resulted in determining the hemp allelopathic effects on Stellaria media (L.)Scop., Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. vulgaris, Lupinus albus L., corn (Zea mays L.), Cyperus rotundus L., Matricaria recutita L., Lepidium sativum L., lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereal M. Bieb.), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., and Sorghum halepense L..

scholarly journals Enhancement of biogenic emissions of VOCs in the semi-arid region of India during winter to summer transition period: Role of meteorological conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Tripathi ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Western India ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play important roles in ecophysiology and atmospheric chemistry at large spatial and temporal scales. Tropical regions are a main global source of BVOCs and magnitude and chemical compositions are highly variable. This study is based on the measurements of monoterpenes using proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) at a semi-arid site in western India during the winter-to-summer transition. Mixing ratio of monoterpenes showed strong diurnal variation with elevated values from evening till midnight and lowest in the afternoon. The daily data does not show clear trends with monthly means of ~ 0.35 ppbv during each month. Exceptionally high levels of 3–6 ppbv were measured during the sporadic biomass burning and bonfire event during Holi festival. The daytime data of monoterpenes do not clearly reflect the impact of biogenic emission due to the competing influences of mixing and OH-reaction loss. In the afternoon, the monoterpenes/benzene ratio of 0.43 ppbv ppbv−1 in second half of March was ~ 3 times higher than that in first half of February. It showed strong response with temperature as it increased from 0.27 ppbv ppbv−1 ( 30 °C). The dependence with wind speed is represented by exponential decay but rate of decline in February was ~ 2 times greater than that in March. The ratios of monoterpenes/isoprene in the night were significant higher than those during the day indicating light independent but temperature dependent emissions of monoterpenes. The nighttime MTs/isoprene ratio increased from 0.25 ppbv ppbv−1 in the first half of February to 0.43 ppbv ppbv−1 in the second half of March. Overall, the ratios of monoterpenes/isoprene agree with the values reported for a topical forest region in SE Asia. The estimated contribution from local biogenic sources to ambient monoterpenes increased from 31 % in first half of February to 67 % in second half of March. This trend suggests the increasing biogenic contribution from February to March. The NW winds and higher ambient temperatures in March favored the local emissions and regional transport of BVOCs.

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