scholarly journals Macroeconomic Factors Affect the Electricity Consumption: A Case of ASEAN Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 5034-5041
Author(s):  
Munirah Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Government

The ASEAN Centre of Energy (ACE) aims to improve electricity accessibility among all 10 members. Electricity consumption is concerned globally, since it is main intermediate input of production in pursuing economic growth in this era Industrial Revolution 5.0. The motivation of this study is to examine the key elements that derives the electricity consumption in all Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries from year 2000 to 2018. A panel data is utilized to investigate the relationship between urban population, industrial structure and financial development towards electricity consumption (kWh) using linear regression model (Pooled OLS, Random Effect, and Fixed Effect models). Results found that rapid growth of urban population gives a great impact to electricity consumption. Thailand and Vietnam have the highest positive interception using Fixed Effect model estimation. The findings of this research suggests the government to explore new energy sources to meet the increased demand of electricity while balancing the environmental sustainabilit.

scholarly journals Analysis on the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Dapeng Dong ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Guiyan Zhao ◽  
Yihui Qi
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantile Regression Method ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

Based on the panel data of 34 cities in Northeast China, this paper uses fixed-effect model and quantile regression method to empirically test the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading. The results show that the government has led the upgrading of the industrial structure in Northeast China, economic growth and investment in fixed assets has inhibitory effect on industrial structure upgrade, the level of opening to the outside world, the financial sector development and the increase of human capital in the northeast has obvious role in promoting industrial structure upgrade. The quantile regression results show that the coefficient of each factor are basically consistent with the estimated results of ordinary panel fixed effect model, which further verifies the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC GROWTH, URBANISATION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Seng-Huat Tan ◽  
Meenchee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Government

Climate change is considered as the most severe and urgent environmental issue in this present era. There is a clear consensus that the climate change problem is much related to the rising level of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. The link between economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions was examined extensively in the literature. Fast-paced economic growth will advance urbanization in a country and result in higher energy consumption to meet various needs in an urban economy. This conditions will trigger more carbon emissions and generate more pollution problem. This paper aims to discuss and compare the growth pattern of economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions between five selected ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam for the period 1990-2018. All these five countries have recorded at least 4% economic growth rate in the year 2018. In the same period, Indonesia has the largest in term of total value added in manufacturing. Similarly, Vietnam has the largest growth of value-added in the same industry. Among all, Indonesia has the largest urban population whilst Malaysia has the highest rate in urbanization and carbon emissions per capita. The upward trend of urban population and carbon emissions per capita in these countries exhibit certain pressures and challenges to the countries’ environmental quality. Therefore, the government in these countries should pay attention to environmental governance to achieve sustainable urbanization while prioritizing economic growth

Racial disparity in OncotypeDX score in early stage, hormone receptor positive, HER-2 negative, node negative breast cancers: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12555-e12555
Author(s):  
Yi Lee ◽  
Ruolin Liu ◽  
Alexis K. Bean ◽  
Madison J. Garshasebi ◽  
Qasim Jehangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Recurrence Score ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
To Receive

e12555 Background: Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score (RS) is the currently used risk-assessment tool for early-stage, hormone receptor-positive, HER-2 negative, node-negative breast cancer in the US. Studies showed inconsistency in RS distribution and treatment among races. Causes may include variations in somatic mutations like Ki-67, which have been reported to express higher in African American (AA) and Asian populations than in Non-Hispanic White (NHW) population, germline mutations in BRCA and TP53, that are not in the RS algorithm, and financial burden of the testing. We analyzed data from different countries to investigate racial disparity in RS. Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, indexed from January 2010 to January 2021. More than 85% of studies were conducted in the pre-TAILORx study phase. To include data that are available and better represent different races, we included studies that used the previous cutoff value, low-risk ( < 18), intermediate-risk (18-30), high-risk ( > 30). Retrospective studies using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results or National Cancer Database were excluded to avoid overlap data. A total of 17 studies, 9789 patients from seven countries (US, Japan, China, Taiwan, Kuwait, UAE, Israel) were pooled. The Odds Ratio (OR) was extracted with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for RS distribution and post-RS treatment. Both fixed-effect and random-effect meta-analysis were performed. Results: Among AA and NHW, AA were 1.7 times more likely to have high recurrence score (OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.46 - 2.10; P < 0.0001), with no heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 0%, heterogeneity P = 0.59). Asian were 1.59 more likely than NHW to be high-risk using a random effects model (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.06 - 2.40; P = 0.0259). High-risk Asian were two times more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy post-RS comparing to NHW (OR: 2.31, CI: 1.07 - 4.98, fixed effect model; OR: 2.85, CI: 0.48, 17.05, random effects model), while high-risk AA were less likely to receive chemotherapy comparing to NHW (OR: 0.74, CI: 0.54-1.01, fixed effect model; OR: 0.73, CI: 0.54-0.99, random effects model). Intermediate-risk Asian and AA were more likely to receive chemotherapy compared to NHW (Asian to NHW; OR: 1.68, CI: 1.16-2.43, with fixed effect model, OR: 1.68, CI: 0.94-3.02, with random effects model; AA to NHW; OR: 1.16, CI: 0.93-1.46 with fixed effect model; OR: 1.06, CI: 0.62-1.79 with random effect model). Conclusions: We identified racial disparity in RS and post-RS treatment. Future research is required to elucidate the causes for AA and Asian receiving higher recurrence scores, a need for tailoring RS cutoffs for different races, and the utilization in adequate post-RS treatment.

Effect of Dividend on Stock Price: A Case of Fuel and Power Industries in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Mir Md Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
Effect Model

Dividend policy is an extensively researched topic in the arena of investments but still it remains an enigmatic that whether Dividend Policy affects the Stock Prices or not. The consequences of researches conducted in different stock markets are different. In Bangladesh, capital market investment is very essential and significant for the growth and market capitalization of domestic industry, trade and commerce. In current years Bangladesh had faced many precarious situations in its stock market. The Stock price reactions to the declaration of dividend of the fuel and power industry of Bangladesh are empirically examined. This study examines stock price reactions of listed dividend paying fuel and power industries in Dhaka stock exchange, Bangladesh for period of 11 years from of 2008-2018. This study will help us to make effective dividend decisions and effective implementation of dividend policies. In this study, Fixed Effect Model along with Random Effect Model have been used to estimate results. Both Models are implemented on panel data for explaining the association between dividend payments and share prices while controlling logarithm value of Profit after Tax, Earnings per Share and Return on Equity. The research is accompanied with a view to find whether the dividend announcement convey any evidence to the market that results a stock price volatility for adjusting the dividend announcement information while controlling the variables like Profit After Tax Earnings, Per Share and Return on Equity. The study also tested both the Models and found Random Effect Model is more significant than Fixed Effect Model. The result documented on the Random Effect Model shows that there are significant relationship with Retention Ratio, dividend per share and Return on Equity. In addition, Profit after tax shows the negative significant association and Earning per Shares insignificant with the share prices in Bangladesh Fuel and Power sector. 

scholarly journals Is MGNREG Scheme Complementary to Fishing Activities?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Chiranjib Neogi ◽  
Kamal Ray ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Effect Model

Freshwater fish output is taken as a proxy variable for empirical assessment of indirect benefits in terms of enhanced quantity of freshwater fish (output) cultivation. It is not unlikely to assess empirically the productivity of subsidized public scheme when rural development or rural asset generations are underlined in the said scheme, MGNREG Act, 2005. Rainwater harvesting is a major component part of the scheme since about 49.5 per cent of the total fund is already utilized on water conservation and obviously it has an impact on the cultivation of freshwater fish output. Time series data on annual expenditure on MGNREG and corresponding freshwater fish output at the state level are taken during the period 2006-07 to 2013-14 for 16 major Indian states. Fixed effect model and random effect models are being applied and the Hausman specification test suggests that fixed effect model is more appropriate than random effect model. Significant differences among the intercepts of the selected states are revealed as per F test. The results of fixed effect panel regression establish that fish output is enhanced by 0.000257 thousand tones or 0.26 tones if MGNREG expenditure rises by one crore or 10 million rupees. 

scholarly journals ECONOMIC GROWTH, URBANISATION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Huat Tan Seng ◽  
Hong Meenchee ◽  
Tze-Haw Chan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Government

Climate change is considered as the most severe and urgent environmental issue in this present era. There is a clear consensus that the climate change problem is much related to the rising level of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. The link between economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions was examined extensively in the literature. Fas-paced economic growth will advance urbanization in a country and result in higher energy consumption to meet various needs in an urban economy. This conditions will trigger more carbon emissions and generate more pollution problem. This paper aims to discuss and compare the growth pattern of economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions between five selected ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam for the period 1990-2018. All these five countries have recorded at least 4% economic growth rate in the year 2018. In the same period, Indonesia has the largest in term of total value added in manufacturing. Similarly, Vietnam has the largest growth of value-added in the same industry. Among all, Indonesia has the largest urban population whilst Malaysia has the highest rate in urbanization and carbon emissions per capita. The upward trend of urban population and carbon emissions per capita in these countries exhibit certain pressures and challenges to the countries’ environmental quality. Therefore, the government in these countries should pay attention to environmental governance to achieve sustainable urbanization while prioritizing economic growth.

scholarly journals Fiscal Expenditure and Education Quality in China: A Regional Heterogeneity Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yiyang Chen ◽  
Fuxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Fiscal Expenditure ◽  
The Government

In this paper, we explore whether fiscal input brings the raise of regional education quality. To discuss this relationship, we employ Chinese provincial panel data ranged from 2008-2016. By constructing a two-way fixed effect model, we find that provincial education quality is positively associated with the fiscal expenditure, and more specifically, educational expenditure. This correlation is robust even we consider other important factors such economy growth, industrial structure and population structure. Besides, since the regional heterogeneity across China, the relationship between fiscal spending, and education quality may exhibit different patterns, we thus split our samples into eastern region and non-eastern region. Empirical results indicate that our main argument only exists in non-eastern area, which refers to the western area, where expanding fiscal expenditure would be more efficient for the government to raise provincial education quality. Meanwhile, fiscal policy would be less efficient to raise education quality for eastern area, thus new policy instrument is necessary.

scholarly journals Inequality and Economic Growth: An Analysis of 8-Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Khadijah A. Idowu ◽  
Yusuf Bababtunde Adeneye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The World

<p><em>Purpose: This paper investigates the effects of inequality on economic growth in the world using continental approach.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Design/methodology:<strong> </strong>Gini Coefficient and Gross Domestic Products (GDP) per capita were used to measure inequality and economic growth respectively. The study conducted a panel data analysis of the relationship between inequality and economic growth. The data span from 1991-2015. Five countries were selected each from seven continents and were also pooled together to constitute a single panel for 35 countries, thus establishing 8 panels. The Hausman test was conducted to determine whether a random or fixed effect model best fit pooled countries analysis or not.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Findings: Findings revealed that for the developing countries, high income inequality retards economic growth while for the developed countries such as Europe countries; the situation seems to be different. European countries as revealed in the findings showed that developed countries have benefited from inequality which has significantly and positively affected their economic growth. The results for Panel II (Asia countries) and Panel III (Europe countries) are in line with the study of Forbes (2000) and Li and Zou (1998) that documented that inequality boosts economic growth. Importantly, we found that inequality positively affects economic growth for Panels/Continents with fixed effect model while inequality negatively affects economic growth for Panels/Continents with random effect model.</em></p><p><em>Research Limitation: The study did not control for each continent differences. For African countries, weak institutional settings and environment is a key factor contributing to high inequality.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Originality: The paper was able to know the specific effect of inequality on economic growth in each continent in the World. This documents continents that have benefited from inequality and those that inequality has greatly affected their economies negatively.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Impact of Urbanization and Economic Growth on CO2 Emission: A Case of Far East Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Anwar ◽  
Mustafa Younis ◽  
Inayat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Far East ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Variable Bias ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization

Rising CO2 emission constitute a great threat to the world environment and public health. This study examines the major determinants of CO2 emissions in Far East countries in the period of 1980 to 2017. We adopt a panel data-fixed effect model that accounts for time-invariant country-specific characteristics that may create omitted-variable bias. We also additionally take care of the time trend by applying an annual fixed effect into our model. The study finds that urbanization, economic growth and trade openness significantly determine CO2 emission in the selected countries. Thus, the main policy suggestions are (a) to encourage green and sustainable urbanization, as it helps in economic progress but not at the expense of environmental deterioration; (b) to strategically regulate and improve industrial structure; and (c) enhance sharing of renewable energy in total energy consumption.

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