scholarly journals Fiscal Expenditure and Education Quality in China: A Regional Heterogeneity Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yiyang Chen ◽  
Fuxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Fiscal Expenditure ◽  
The Government

In this paper, we explore whether fiscal input brings the raise of regional education quality. To discuss this relationship, we employ Chinese provincial panel data ranged from 2008-2016. By constructing a two-way fixed effect model, we find that provincial education quality is positively associated with the fiscal expenditure, and more specifically, educational expenditure. This correlation is robust even we consider other important factors such economy growth, industrial structure and population structure. Besides, since the regional heterogeneity across China, the relationship between fiscal spending, and education quality may exhibit different patterns, we thus split our samples into eastern region and non-eastern region. Empirical results indicate that our main argument only exists in non-eastern area, which refers to the western area, where expanding fiscal expenditure would be more efficient for the government to raise provincial education quality. Meanwhile, fiscal policy would be less efficient to raise education quality for eastern area, thus new policy instrument is necessary.

scholarly journals Analysis on the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Dapeng Dong ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Guiyan Zhao ◽  
Yihui Qi
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantile Regression Method ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

Based on the panel data of 34 cities in Northeast China, this paper uses fixed-effect model and quantile regression method to empirically test the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading. The results show that the government has led the upgrading of the industrial structure in Northeast China, economic growth and investment in fixed assets has inhibitory effect on industrial structure upgrade, the level of opening to the outside world, the financial sector development and the increase of human capital in the northeast has obvious role in promoting industrial structure upgrade. The quantile regression results show that the coefficient of each factor are basically consistent with the estimated results of ordinary panel fixed effect model, which further verifies the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Factors Affect the Electricity Consumption: A Case of ASEAN Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 5034-5041
Author(s):  
Munirah Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Government

The ASEAN Centre of Energy (ACE) aims to improve electricity accessibility among all 10 members. Electricity consumption is concerned globally, since it is main intermediate input of production in pursuing economic growth in this era Industrial Revolution 5.0. The motivation of this study is to examine the key elements that derives the electricity consumption in all Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries from year 2000 to 2018. A panel data is utilized to investigate the relationship between urban population, industrial structure and financial development towards electricity consumption (kWh) using linear regression model (Pooled OLS, Random Effect, and Fixed Effect models). Results found that rapid growth of urban population gives a great impact to electricity consumption. Thailand and Vietnam have the highest positive interception using Fixed Effect model estimation. The findings of this research suggests the government to explore new energy sources to meet the increased demand of electricity while balancing the environmental sustainabilit.

scholarly journals NATURAL STATE MODELLING OF SALAK GEOTHERMAL FIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Allen Haryanto Lukmana
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Fracture Permeability ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Matrix Permeability ◽  
Western Area

The Awibengkok geothermal field, also known as Salak, is a liquid-dominated field. The commercial Awibengkok reservoir is a moderate-to-high temperature (240–312 ◦C) geothermal resource with high fracture permeability, moderate porosity, and moderate-to-low matrix permeability, and can generate electricity up to 377 MW. This field fracture-controlled reservoir has benign chemistry and low-to-moderate non-condensable gas content. The geothermal reservoir is associated with youngvolcanism and intrusions in a highland area in the west of Salak Mountain and east of the Cianten caldera, a collapsed andesitic stratocone. In this paper, numerical method for calculation is used for modelling and reservoir simulation. A simulator is used to build the model. The model was built until it reached the natural state. The method used for model calibration is through pressure and temperature matching of two wells P-T logging data. One of the well is located on the western region of Salak geothermal field, while the other is located on the eastern region. Salak geothermal field model would reach natural state with simulation time up to millions of years. The model state the field is a liquid-dominated field and has steam caps in western and eastern area. The material on those two areas are different, thus the initial conditions are different. The temperature is higher in the western area. The gas saturation vary between 0.127 to 0.5 and there is a caprock with permeability 9mD.

Economic Success without an Industrial Strategy: Austria in the 1970s

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang C. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Lower Priority ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACTStarting from the relative success of the Austrian economy in the 1970s the problems of industrial policy and the position of industrial policy in the context of economic policy are examined. Policies directed towards improving the industrial structure have had a lower priority than policies aimed at producing sufficient total economic growth to avoid unemployment and disputes over the distribution of the GNP. The structure of Austria's foreign trade shows that Austria still has not achieved the industrial structure appropriate for a small industrial country in an exposed geographical position. In Austria the problems of industry are regarded as legitimate affairs of government and, although there is criticism of the details of government intervention, the economic responsibility which is conferred on the government is an extensive one. Austria's political culture exhibits both consociationalist traits, with most laws being passed with the support of the two big parties,, and ‘social partnership’ in the form of voluntary co-operation between the unions and employers' associations. The political consensus means that discussion tends to revolve round technical rather than fundamental issues of industrial policy. Since the early 1970s the preservation of full employment has become the dominating industrial policy goal of the Austrian government; as a result, policy is mainly reactive rather than proactive. Fiscal investment aids are by far the most important industrial policy instrument, though their use has been criticised. There are also direct expenditure schemes, aimed at particular sectors as well as the general stimulation of investment; these aids have also been criticised. The prospects for the introduction of industrial policies more focussed on qualitative changes in industrial structure are not considered good, but political stability seems assured.

An Empirical Research on Industrial Structure Optimization of Provincial Area Based on Two-Oriented Society

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1706-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan He ◽  
Wen Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Structure Optimization ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Innovation Ability ◽  
Industrial Structure Optimization ◽  
Set Up

The article set up an indicator system of industrial structure optimization which bringing resource-conserving and environment-friendly indexes into the system, evaluated the industrial structure optimization level of 30 provinces in China. The result shows that the level of industrial structure has a high coefficient with the development of economics, and it declines along the eastern area, the middle, the western area gradually. The level also depends on the coordinate development of resources& environment production efficiency, relevant supporting industries, industrial innovation ability, and industrial correlation degree.

Case Study: Maximizing Business Performance by Optimizing Supply Chain Of LNG-C Distribution of 9 Gas Power Plants with A Capacity of 780 MW in Eastern Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wara
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Power ◽  
First Year ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Logistics Optimization ◽  
The Government ◽  
Milk Run

The Government of Indonesia plans to build 9 gas power plants in South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi and Southeast Nusa Tenggara with a total power capacity of 780 MW with an estimated actual gas demand of 46.56 MMSCFD which are planned to be supplied by the Bontang terminal, DS-LNG, Masela LNG, and Tangguh LNG. LNG-C logistics optimization is needed to get the best transportation scenario regarding the eastern region which consists of scattered islands and inadequate infrastructure. This study analyzes and evaluates the best-case scenarios by comparing the time and cost variables. The process of planning the supply chain starts from determining the upstream-downstream distribution scheme and then calculates the shipping distance which results in the determination of the quantity, capacity and shipping of the LNG-C. Based on the analysis and calculation of the logistics, it is concluded that there are 3 divisions of clusters of Kalimantan-Sulawesi, NTT and NTB having estimated needs in a row of 18.06, 18.8, and 9.7 MMSCFD with the Milk-Run transportation method. Logistics optimization results show that scenario 1 has an efficiency value of 87% with an LNG-C transport capacity of 0.35 MMSCF, a roundtrip cruise time of 8.6 days and the number of shipments is 36 / year. The detailed analysis of costs in scenario A is 1-2 USD / MMBTU for the milk and run transportation method, 1.49-1.73 USD / MBTU for LNG-C transport costs, and regasification costs which are 1.0-3.7 USD / MMBTU. Based on the above results it can be calculated that the price of gas in the first year of implementation was 13.4 USD / MMBTU, so the total value below this supply chain was Rp.8,812,876,800.00. Therefore, this idea was created as a solution for the initial steps for the utilization of the domestic natural gas distribution

scholarly journals Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Structure Transformation on Haze Pollution across China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5439
Author(s):  
Chenggang Li ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Zhenci Xu ◽  
Yuzhu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Structure Transformation ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
The Impact

With the development of economic globalization, some local environmental pollution has become a global environmental problem through international trade and transnational investment. This paper selects the annual data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017 and adopts exploratory spatial data analysis methods to explore the spatial agglomeration characteristics of haze pollution in China’s provinces. Furthermore, this paper constructs a spatial econometric model to test the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and industrial structure transformation on haze pollution. The research results show that the high-high concentration area of haze pollution in China has shifted from the central and western regions to the eastern region and from inland regions to coastal regions. When FDI increases by 1%, haze pollution in local and neighboring areas will be reduced by 0.066% and 0.3538%, respectively. However, the impact of FDI on haze pollution is heterogeneous in different stages of economic development. FDI can improve the rationalization level of industrial structure, and then inhibit the haze pollution. However, FDI inhibits the upgrading level of industrial structure to a certain extent, and then aggravates the haze pollution. The research in this paper provides an important decision-making basis for coordinating the relationship between FDI and environmental pollution and realizing green development.

scholarly journals Green Agricultural Development Based on Information Communication Technology and the Panel Space Measurement Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Xueyao Zhang ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Information Communication Technology ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Space Measurement

This study was conducted to promote the construction of China’s ecological civilization; to reduce harm to the environment; to quantify the performance of agricultural green development (GD); and to truly achieve green, sustainable, and healthy agricultural development. From the perspectives of resources and the environment, first, information communication technology and the panel space measurement (PSM) model were adopted to analyze relevant indicator data from 2000 to 2019 in China’s 30 provinces. Second, China’s agriculture was measured to explore the overall characteristics, temporal changes, and regional differences of agricultural development. A panel data measurement model was constructed using the generalized least squares method, and the main factors affecting performance development were analyzed, which were verified by giving examples. Third, the governance countermeasures and improvement directors were proposed for agricultural GD in China. It is found that the driving force of performance of agricultural GD in China mainly depends on technological progress and that technological efficiency determines the speed of agricultural development. The regional differences in performance of agricultural GD are obvious in China. The growth in the performance of agricultural GD in the eastern region is much higher than that of the central, western, and northeast regions. In addition, the results show that the performance of agricultural GD is extremely positively correlated with the agricultural economic level, fiscal support for agriculture policy, and the industrialization process and that it is extremely negatively correlated with the level of opening-up, adjustment of agricultural structure, and the environmental regulatory capability of the government. As a result, this study can provide some ideas for the realization of agriculture GD in China.

The Environment Risk Analysis and Prevention Countermeasures of Potable Water Sources in Wuhan Section of Yangtze River

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 844-848
Author(s):  
Kai Xia ◽  
Hao Bo Hou ◽  
Si Xuan Wang ◽  
Yi Lv ◽  
Zhe Hao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
The Government

Strengthening the protection of potable water sources is the important measure to ensure potable water safety for people. Based on the investigation of potable water sources in Yangtze River Wuhan section, this paper analyses the potential fixed risk sources, flowing risk sources and other risk sources. To ensure water safety for people, the government should readjust the industrial structure, supervise industrial enterprises, improve the emergency system, coordinate departments linkage, and accelerate potable water sources protection project.

Standard minimi di qualitŕ: un approccio teorico

2012 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Grassi Iacopo
Keyword(s):  
High Standard ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Positive Externality ◽  
Experience Good ◽  
The Government ◽  
Minimum Quality

At least since Akerlof (1970), asymmetric information in the case of experience goods has been a central issue in the economic literature. This paper studies regulation in markets where the quality of the experience good is never completely verifiable by consumers even after purchase. In the proposed model firms can decide the quality of the good: always producing a high quality good creates a positive externality in the market, but it causes an incentive to the firms to deviate and produce low quality goods. The main policy instrument for the government, in order to maximize Social Welfare, is to fix a minimum quality standard, but imposing a too high standard might, in some cases, lower the average quality of the good in the market.

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