An Ethical Model for the Study of Values

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Goulet
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Societal Development ◽  
Authentic Development ◽  
Alternative Research

The author challenges conventional notions of societal development as dynamic economic performance, modernization of institutions or proliferation of goods and services. For him, authentic development aims toward the realization of human capabilities in all spheres. He examines common assumptions of social scientists who study value change in non-technological societies, contrasting these with another view on the dynamics of value change. Dr. Goulet presents an alternative research model which requires researchers to make themselves vulnerable to the populace under study.

Iraq's stunted growth: human and economic development in perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Public Services ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Institutional Decline

This article studies Iraq's recent economic development. It views development as a process mediated by institutions and driven by the attainment of human capabilities and capacities, including state capacity. This approach departs from the two prevalent sets of models that have been used to explain Iraq's lacklustre economic performance: theories that highlight the negative effects of oil on economic outcomes as well as those that stress the importance of the, often formulaic, application of policies that advocate economic liberalization and marketization. This study posits that many of Iraq's economic difficulties, including those of the provision of public services and realizing investment, are best comprehended as the result of prolonged institutional decline and decay in human capabilities, especially since 1990. What is more, the article contests some basic maxims concerning Iraq's recent economic history. For example, the post-2003 era is viewed primarily as a continuation of the sanctions period to the extent that it has been characterized by continued deterioration in both human capabilities and economic institutions, despite radically changed political and economic arrangements.

9. Political Culture, Mass Beliefs, and Value Change

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Welzel ◽  
Ronald F. Inglehart
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political System ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Culture Theory ◽  
Regime Legitimacy

This chapter examines the role of mass beliefs and value change in democratization processes. Building on one of the central assumptions of political culture theory — the congruence thesis — it argues that mass beliefs are of critical importance for a country’s chances to become and remain democratic. Mass beliefs determine whether a political system is accepted as legitimate or not, which has a major impact on a regime’s likelihood of surviving. The chapter first considers how the role of mass beliefs in democratization is addressed in the literature before discussing mass demands for democracy vs popular preferences for democracy. It then discusses regime legitimacy and its relation to economic performance and asks whether emancipative values are caused by democracy. It also explains changes in many countries’ level of democracy and concludes with an analysis of the influence of religion on democratization.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL-BUDAYA MASYARAKAT INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Nurdien Harry Kistanto
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Societal Development ◽  
Social Heterogeneity ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Sociocultural Transformation

Social scientists have conceptualized several stages of sociocultural transformation as societal development. One version modified in this article constitutes a typology of preindustrial and industrial societies which consists of one, hunting & gathering societies; two, pastoral societies; three, village agrarian societies; four, advanced traditional agrarian societies; and five, industrial societies; and six, postindustrial societies. To analyse the sociocultural transformation which happens in the Indonesian society, one has to observe and consider the long historical background which produces social heterogeneity. Thus, the direction and ideals of sociocultural transformation can be identified and conceptualized.

Economic worries roil Uruguay's pre-election outlook

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services

Subject Outlook for economic performance. Significance The Uruguayan government ended 2017 facing public disapproval despite having reached agreement for the largest private investment in the country’s history. Continuing growth has not been felt in the labour market. For the left that has governed Uruguay since 2005, disillusion on the part of some of its voters is a risk for the 2019 elections and is generating greater internal political tensions. Impacts Despite the government’s woes, the opposition may struggle to form a coalition in 2019. Growth will likely pick up this year as the ANCAP refinery comes back online. Price rises for key goods and services will exacerbate tensions.

scholarly journals Muslim Youths and Societal Development: The Case of Nasarawa State

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maga Sule
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Societal Development

A linkage between Muslim youths and societal development is obvious and enduring since the time of the first Prophet on earth, Adam (A.S.). This interaction is connected symbiotically and, furthermore, one depends on the other for its sustenance. Therefore, the role of Muslim youths in the development of Nasarawa State cannot be ignored. The wheels of the development of a country rest on the shoulders of the youths. Consequently, the youths in Nasarawa State are the engine of the growth and development because they provide the labor force for the production of goods and services to take effect in the development of the state. Thus, the role of Muslim youths in the development of Nasarawa State is crucial for the entire developmental processes and aspirations of the whole society.  In addition, the productive youths are acknowledged as the cornerstone for societal rejuvenation. Keywords:Youth, Social Development, Nasawara State

Psychologizing indexes of societal progress: Accounting for cultural diversity in preferred developmental pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuba Krys ◽  
Colin A Capaldi ◽  
Vivian M-C Lun ◽  
Christin-Melanie Vauclair ◽  
Michael H Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Societal Development

Since the Second World War, the dominating paradigm of societal development has focused on economic growth. While economic growth has improved the quality of human life in a variety of ways, we posit that the identification of economic growth as the primary societal goal is culture-blind because preferences for developmental pathways likely vary between societies. We argue that the cultural diversity of developmental goals and the pathways leading to these goals could be reflected in a culturally sensitive approach to assessing societal development. For the vast majority of post-materialistic societies, it is an urgent necessity to prepare culturally sensitive compasses on how to develop next, and to start conceptualizing growth in a more nuanced and culturally responsive way. Furthermore, we propose that cultural sensitivity in measuring societal growth could also be applied to existing development indicators (e.g. the Human Development Index). We call for cultural researchers, in cooperation with development economists and other social scientists, to prepare a new cultural map of developmental goals, and to create and adapt development indexes that are more culturally sensitive. This innovation could ultimately help social planners understand the diverse pathways of development and assess the degree to which societies are progressing in a self-determined and indigenously valued manner.

Types of Welfare Capitalism

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Welfare Capitalism ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Standard Terms ◽  
Positive Effect

WESTERN SOCIAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT IS NO LONGER A subject of interest only to welfare specialists and their students. Economic ill-fortune has had at least this one, positive effect. More — and more variegated — questions are being asked about relationships between public/social policy practice2 and economic performance, both within and between Western countries. However, the very fact that social scientists are now tackling this subject in broader fashion and from a variety of disciplinary and ideological erspectives, has served to highlight inconsistencies in the use of such supposedly standard terms as ‘social policy’, ‘social spending’ and ’welfare state’.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the pervasive energy-systems transformations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Nakicenovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sustainable Future ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
End Use ◽  
Systems Transformation

Abstract Energy is central for the global decarbonization and the achievement of a sustainable future for all. This calls for a fundamental energy-systems transformation that would bring multiple co-benefits for health, climate and other challenges facing humanity and especially those without access to affordable and clean energy services. Pervasive transformation toward zero-carbon electricity and electrification of energy end use are central to achieving higher efficiencies, decarbonization and net-zero emissions. This is not merely a technical and economic issue. It is about people, about societies and about values and behaviors. Technology is an integral part of the society and an expression of collective intentionality through aggregation of sundry individual choices. The next disruptive transformation toward a sustainable future may indeed be powered by the digital revolution. It poses dangers for privacy, dissemination of alternative realities and erosion of evidence-based information but it also offers a great promise of catalyzing the emergence of a sustainable future by augmenting human capabilities by new, more convenient, more efficient and decarbonized goods and services. The key question is whether humanity will have the political will to collectively achieve the energy-systems transformation toward a sustainable future and net-zero emissions in merely three decades.

No Small Hope

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Basic Goods ◽  
The Many ◽  
Development Perspective ◽  
Critical Link

This book argues in favor of an approach to global policy priorities that emphasizes the attempt to put a minimal set of basic goods and services into the hands of everyone. This universal provision of basic goods and services includes nutritious food, clean water, sanitation, health services, education services, housing, electricity, and human security services. The book argues that this policy focus is appropriate both for practical and ethical reasons, but that success in this provision will not be easy and therefore is no small hope. Basic goods and services meet central and objective human needs. The basic goods approach tries to form a bridge between the standard growth perspective on development and the capabilities/human development perspective. What really matters about growth is the possibility that growth will lead to an increase in the broad-based provision of basic goods and services, an outcome that is not always guaranteed. The hoped-for expansion of human capabilities and development is predicated on this expanded provision of basic goods, and the expanded provision of basic goods and services also can promote growth. In these ways, basic goods and services are critical link between growth and human development. The book explores each of the identified basic goods and services, the basic rights to them, and the many challenges to be overcome in their expanded provision.

9. Political Culture, Mass Beliefs, and Value Change

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-157
Author(s):  
Christian Welzel ◽  
Ronald F. Inglehart
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political System ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Culture Theory ◽  
Regime Legitimacy

This chapter examines the role of mass beliefs and value change in democratization processes. Building on one of the central assumptions of political culture theory—the congruence thesis—it argues that mass beliefs are of critical importance for a country’s chances to become and remain democratic. Mass beliefs determine whether a political system is accepted as legitimate or not, which has a major impact on a regime’s likelihood of surviving. The chapter first considers how the role of mass beliefs in democratization is addressed in the literature before discussing mass demands for democracy vs popular preferences for democracy. It then discusses regime legitimacy and its relation to economic performance and asks whether emancipative values are caused by democracy. It also explains changes in many countries’ level of democracy and concludes with an analysis of the influence of religion on democratization.

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