TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF LITHUANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 379-390
Author(s):  
Ramutė Narkūnienė ◽  
Vladimiras Gražulis
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tourism Services

The authors of the paper discuss the tourism development conditions in the municipalities of Lithuania. The scientific problem - tourism development trends have not been studied at the local, municipality level in Lithuania and tourism in districts developed without a clear and long-term development strategy and consistent implementation of the programme. The aim of the research is to explore tourism development conditions in the municipalities of Lithuania. Objectives of the research are to characterize the factors influencing the development of tourism; to perform an analysis of the main factors of tourism development in Lithuania; to define the major factors of tourism management in the municipalities of Lithuania. Tourism development issues were discussed; the results of the research (an analysis of scientific literature and questionnaire survey, an analysis of strategic documents) were performed. The factors, which influence tourism the most are the human and financial resources, tourism infrastructure, the variety of tourism services, the virtual environment, the image of a tourism destination/ awareness, management of the tourism destination, the quality of tourism services and events. Tourism development in the municipalities of Lithuania is influenced by such factors, as the development of the tourism planning and management system, an adequate competence of human resources, cooperation between the public and private sectors, planning and organization, the legal framework for tourism, tourism projects development and implementation, a tourism development strategy and research in the tourism development area.

scholarly journals TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF LITHUANIA AND LATVIA REGIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
RamutÄ— NarkĹ«nienÄ— ◽  
Vladimiras GraĹľulis ◽  
Iluta A Rbidane
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Tourism Information ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tourism Services

: The authors of this article discuss the tourism development conditions in the municipalities of the Eastern Aukštaitija region, in Lithuania, and the Latgale region, in Latvia. The aim of the research is to explore tourism development conditions in the municipalities of the Eastern Aukštaitija region, in Lithuania and Latgale region, in Latvia. Objectives of the research are to characterize the factors influencing the development of tourism, to perform an analysis of the main factors of tourism development of the Eastern Aukštaitija region in Lithuania and the Latgale region in Latvia, and to define the major factors of tourism management in the municipalities of the Eastern Aukštaitija region, and the Latgale region. The scientific problem - the tourism development trends have not been studied in a local, municipality level in Lithuania and Latvia and tourism in districts is developed without a clear and long-term development strategy and consistent implementation of the program. The authors of the article apply the analysis of scientific literature, quantitative research – a survey and questionnaire data generalization. Six tourism specialists in the eastern Aukštaitija region, and 30 tourism specialists in the Latgale region, were interviewed. Tourism development issues are discussed and the results of the research (analysis of scientific literature and the questionnaire, analysis of strategic documents) are performed. The conclusions of article are: factors which influence tourism in the Lithuanian and Latvian regions most are the image of tourism destination/awareness, quality of tourism services, management of tourism destination, variety of tourism services and tourism infrastructure. Second conclusion: tourism specialists identified management of tourism destination, image of tourism destination/ awareness, quality of tourism services in Lithuania region; cultural, natural and human resources and tourism services (travel organization, tourism information services, nutrition in the Latvian region, as tourism development strengths in municipalities of the Lithuanian and Latvian region; tourism diversity and tourist infrastructure in the Lithuanian region and tourism infrastructure and entertainments in Latvia region were identified as weaknesses. Third conclusion: tourism development in both regions is threatened by such factors as unplanned changes of the state economic development priorities, population migration to other countries and other factors. While, tourism development in the region can benefit from EU funds, and the growing demand for active recreation and health tourism products in the hospitality industry and etc. Tourism development at the municipalities of both regions in Lithuania and Latvia is influenced by such factors, as the development of the tourism planning and management system, adequate competence of human resources, cooperation between public and private sectors, planning and organization, legal tourism base, tourism projects development and implementation, tourism development strategy and research in the tourism development area.

scholarly journals Role of Tourism in Local Development A Case of Sarangkot Hill-Top in Pokhara, Western Nepal

2014 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Narayan P. Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
Tourism Services

Tourism management plan at the local level provides a framework for balanced development of a given area through the utilization of the existing tourism resources by the provision of tourism services that are required in order to attract the tourists from different parts of the world. Therefore, identifying and understanding of the natural, demographic and socio-cultural resource potential that enable a given area and its communities to shape tourism development according to local needs and within recognized environment and resource constrains. It is in this context the present paper is aimed to identify cultural and natural sites of tourism importance and problems and prospects of tourism for development in order to provide information on the basis of which can be undertaken sustainable actions for tourism development in Sarangkot VDC of Kaski district, Western Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v8i0.11507 The Third Pole: Journal of Geography Vol.8-10, pp. 9-19: 2010

Prevention and Regulation of Cyber-Crimes in the Age of Terrorism

2010 ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
S.R. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Information Infrastructures ◽  
Information Technology Sector ◽  
Cyber Crimes ◽  
Laws And Policies

India is the 12th nation in the world to have a special system of laws addressed to the information technology sector. Besides the general criminal law of the country, the Information Technology Act, 2000 incorporates a special legal framework relating to cyber-crimes. Looking differently, India is also a global hub of information technology and its allied services. Accordingly, the growth and development of the information technology sector and its contribution to national economy is phenomenal. It is in this context, the chapter examines and analyses the Indian ICT laws and policies in the backdrop of cyber-crime prevention and regulation, with the aim of offering a comprehensive model of ICT policy. It will discuss the extent of legal framework in the light of classification and criminalization of various cyber-crimes. Also, while examining the policy instruments, it will bring out the public and private initiatives on protection of information infrastructures, incident and emergency response and the innovative institutions and schemes involved.

The United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
pp. 433-454
Author(s):  
Andrew Boutros
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Corruption ◽  
Robust System ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) anti-corruption framework targets bribery of domestic and foreign officials, corruption, and even facilitation payments. The laws, which appear in legislative initiatives regulating a variety of industries and areas, create a robust system to combat both public and private-sector corruption and bribery. A 2016 amendment to the Federal Penal Code strengthened the legal framework against public corruption, fraud, and embezzlement with a view to strengthening the laws that protect the public trust. The anti-corruption framework can be found primarily in the UAE’s civil law, its Federal Human Resources Law, and its penal code. The enforcement is handled by the police, the Office of the Public Prosecutor, the Ministry of Justice, and the State Audit Institution. Given the increased international cooperation between regulatory agencies, the UAE’s enforcement agencies and its regulators will be at the forefront of the global fight against corruption. This is especially true given the UAE’s growing importance in regional and global financial markets.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP / VIEŠOJO IR PRIVAČIOJO SEKTORIŲ PARTNERYSTĖS GALIMYBIŲ ANALIZĖ

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Meidutė ◽  
Narimantas Kazimieras Paliulis
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Dispute Settlement Procedure

Public-private partnership may cover various forms of partnership, viz. as the property of the private sector in the state of municipal activities or information and consultations between the public and private sectors, also as an unconventional method of public procurement when the public and private sectors enter into a long-term contract on the establishment of public infrastructure or the provision of public services. The most important thing in implementing PPP projects is to properly draw up the contract between the public and private partners, which should explicitly state all terms and conditions, undertakings and liabilities, evaluate risks, determine the payment mechanism and dispute settlement procedure, etc. In order to reduce any risk associated with such projects, a proper legal framework should be developed, which would provide liabilities and undertakings of both parties of the project (the private and public sectors), and more information should be disbursed as to how such projects are being implemented, what the structures of financing are, and what the benefit of such projects is. Santrauka Viešojo ir privačiojo sektorių partnerystė gali apimti įvairias partnerystės formas: kaip privačiojo sektoriaus nuosavybė valstybės ar savivaldybių veikloje ar informavimas ir konsultavimas tarp viešojo ir privačiojo sektorių, taip pat kaip netradicinis viešujų pirkimų būdas, kai sudaroma ilgalaikė sutartis tarp viešojo ir privačiojo sektorių dėl viešosios infrastruktūros sukūrimo ar viešųjų paslaugų teikimo. Vykdant VPP projektus būtina tinkamai parengti sutartį tarp viešojo ir privataus partnerio, kurioje turi būti vienareikšmiškai apibrėžtos visos sąlygos, įsipareigojimai, atsakomybė, įvertintos rizikos, atsiskaitymo mechanizmas, konfliktų sprendimo tvarka ir t. t. Siekiant sumažinti bet kokią su tokiais projektais susijusią riziką, reikia suformuoti tinkamą teisinę bazę, kuri numatytų abiejų projekto šalių - tiek privačiojo, tiek valstybinio sektoriaus - atsakomybes ir įsipareigojimus, bei teikti daugiau informacijos, kaip tokie projektai vykdomi, kokios finansavimo struktūros, kokia gaunama nauda.

How Arbitrary Was Tsarist Administrative Justice? The Case of the Zemstvos Petitions to the Imperial Ruling Senate, 1866–1916

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Natasha Assa
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Administrative Litigation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Power ◽  
The Right ◽  
Administrative Justice

One of the key principles of the modern legal state (Rechtsstaat) is the right of all citizens to seek judicial protection against unlawful acts of government officials. It stems from the fundamental principle of the rule of law that asserts that all citizens, including state officials, are equal before the law and have the right to a fair trial. Within this legal framework a distinct field of law, “administrative justice,” governs public litigation against state officials. Its domain of jurisdiction reflects complex philosophical and legal distinctions between the public and private spheres in the modern state. As legal scholars and philosophers continuously redefine the boundary between the public and private spheres, the prerogatives of government officials over the rights of private citizens continue to evolve. The key questions in the debate are as follows. Should the state guarantee an undisputed precedence of citizens’ rights over administration or should it protect its officials from widespread litigation and therefore grant them a certain degree of immunity? Should ordinary courts and laws decide disputes between government officials and private individuals, or should the state provide separate norms, judges, and procedures for administrative litigation? Should punishment for misuse of administrative power be equal to that of the breach of civil or criminal laws? Who and to what extent should be made liable for any damages incurred through misuse of administrative power?

scholarly journals La reforma de la legislación audiovisual y de la cobertura electoral en España

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
Francisco Campos-Freire ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Castro ◽  
Alejandro Gesto-Louro
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Audiovisual Communication ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Electoral Regime ◽  
Spanish Legislation

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to propose the reform of the regulation in force in Spain on the coverage and treatment of information in the audiovisual media during electoral campaigns, in relation to the mandatory transposition into Spanish legislation, before the end of 2020, of Directive 1808/2018 of audiovisual communication. Methodology: For this, a review of the most relevant legislation in the field is carried out, including the Organic Law of Electoral Regime (LOREG by its acronym in Spanish) of 1985, the different laws of creation of public and private media, General 7/2010 Law of Audiovisual (LGA by its acronym in Spanish), the European Audiovisual Services Directive approved in 2018 and the regulation in other European countries on the organization of electoral debates and disinformation campaigns. Results: Although the 35 years of validity of the LOREG and its jurisprudence condition the legal framework of the audiovisual coverage of the electoral campaigns, it is possible to include  in the transposition and reform of the LGA 7/2010 the regulation of the debates and new measures on the protection of pluralism, independence, and verification against fake news, issues that a group of Spanish academics raised during the public consultation of the Secretary of State for Digital Advancement (SEAD by its acronym in Spanish) of the Ministry of Economy and Business (MEE by its acronym in Spanish) on the transposition of Directive 1808/2018.

scholarly journals Tourism Development Strategy of Mangrove Forest in the Village Langadai Kotabaru Hilir Subdistrict Kelumpang

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Erni Julianti
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

The basic concept of tourism development strategy mangrove forest is reviewing the state of observation in the area of mangrove forests, perceptions and preferences of society and local government, and the use of SWOT analysis. This study aims to determine the development strategy of mangrove forest tour in the village Langadai Kelumpang Hilir Subdistrict, so mangrove well then expected to implement development programs and the development of an integrated strategy between the conservation of natural resouces with economic development in a sustainable society. The application of the concept of travel in the area of mangrove forest ecosystems in general is expected to reduce the rate of destruction of these areas by the public.  Processing method used is the analysis of the potensial landscape and strategy development SWOT analysis. Analysis of the data elements of the landscape each focal point of the model pengharkatan done that is by scoring according to the criteria assessment landscape elements that have been modified. While the SWOT analysis is a technique for identifying problems based on potential or strengths and weaknesses to address and respond to the opportunities and threats. So that the analysis results can be used as a basis for the development of mangrove forest tour in the village Langadai Kelumpang Hilir subdistrict in the future.  Based on the results of the assessment landscape mangrove forest tour in the village Langadai Kelumpang Hilir Subdistrict is in the range of 19-33 which means to have a high quality, so it has the potential to be developed as the natural attractions. Based on the results of this study resulted in several recommendations that include: Completing the supporting infrastructure of natural traveled activities such as: roads, bridges, gazebo, fishing, sanitary facilities, public toilets and others. Promotion to the public both in the region and outside the region. The government should  make the rules tight areas in the preservation of nature and fully supported by the community. Improving the quality of management of natural attractions integrated manner.

Part II Substantive Aspects, Ch.21 Cultural Heritage in International Investment Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadi Valentina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Investment Law

This chapter evaluates whether the existing legal framework adequately protect cultural heritage vis-à-vis the economic interests of foreign investors. It aims to address this question by examining recent arbitrations and proposing three principal legal tools to foster a better balance between economic and cultural interests in international investment law and arbitration. This recent jurisprudence highlights that arbitral tribunals are increasingly providing consideration to cultural concerns. Yet, the interplay between the protection of cultural heritage and the promotion of foreign direct investment in international investment law and arbitration continues to pose two main problems: one ontological, concerning the essence of international investment law and international law more generally; and one epistemological, concerning the mandate of arbitral tribunals. The chapter then considers three principal avenues that can facilitate a better balance between the public and private interests in international investment law: a ‘treaty-driven approach’; a ‘judicially driven approach’; and counterclaims.

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