KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND COVID-19-RELATED BEHAVIOR AMONG INDIVIDUALS AGED 50 AND OLDER IN LATVIA

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020, due to its high infection rate, which caused thousands of deaths worldwide and expanding. The evolving outbreak of COVID-19 requires health-protective behavior that can alleviate the severity of an epidemic. Therefore, recognizing the underlying drivers of health-protective behavior against COVID-19 is urgently needed to form policy responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual-level underlying drivers affecting the formation of knowledge, attitudes, and COVID-19-related health-protective behavior among individuals aged 50 and older who are more vulnerable to complications of infection because of their age. The factors making individuals more vulnerable are also associated with the ability to access and understand information, make well-informed decisions, and take health-protective and promoting actions, especially when information itself is not timely, trusted, consistent, or actionable. The researchers used data from a representative population sample consisting of 50-80-year-old individuals, obtained from in-depth, semi-structured telephone interviews during July – August 2020, between the first and second waves of COVID-19. For conducting qualitative data analyses, the Grounded Theory (GT) approach for developing code structure was used.

Download Full-text

Scandals of abuse: policy responses in intellectual disabilities

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy ◽

10.1108/ijssp-12-2013-0117 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (1/2) ◽

pp. 107-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peter Mark Halladay ◽

Charlene Harrington

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Framework ◽

Case Study Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

Descriptive Case Study ◽

Individual Level ◽

Policy Responses ◽

The Social ◽

The Usa ◽

The Individual ◽

The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare two scandals related to the care of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) in the USA and the UK. Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive case study methodology was used to conduct an in-depth qualitative analysis of the two scandals to examine the process of scandal development, and to survey the policy response against policy trends and theories of abuse in each case. The two cases were systematically analysed against a theoretical framework derived from Bonnie and Wallace (2003) theoretical framework for understanding abuse based on its sociocultural context, the social embeddedness of organisations providing care, and the individual level characteristics and interactions of subjects and carers. Findings – In both cases the process of scandal construction was comparable, and each case offered confirmatory support to extant theories of abuse, and to wider policy trends within I/DD. Research limitations/implications – The study examines only the short-term policy responses to the scandals in two countries, based on published material only. Originality/value – This paper contributes an international comparison of the similarities and differences in the social construction of scandal and the policy responses to abuse and neglect of a vulnerable population using systematic analytical frameworks.

Download Full-text

Executive Dysfunction in School-Age Children With ADHD

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054710370935 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 646-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Rikke Lambek ◽

Rosemary Tannock ◽

Soeren Dalsgaard ◽

Anegen Trillingsgaard ◽

Dorte Damm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Population Sample ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Neuropsychological Measures ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Individual

Objective: The study examined executive function deficits (EFD) in school-age children (7 to 14 years) with ADHD. Method: A clinical sample of children diagnosed with ADHD ( n = 49) was compared to a population sample ( n = 196) on eight executive function (EF) measures. Then, the prevalence of EFD in clinical and non-clinical children was examined at the individual level according to three methods previously applied to define EFD, and a fourth method was included to control for the effect of age on performance. Results: Children with ADHD were significantly more impaired on measures of EF than children without ADHD at the group level. However, only about 50% of children with ADHD were found to have EFD at the individual level, and results appeared relatively robust across methods applied to define EFD. Conclusion: As a group, children with ADHD displayed more problems on neuropsychological measures of EF than non-clinical children; at the individual level, there appeared to be heterogeneity in EF impairment.

Download Full-text

Living Islam in Prison: How Gender Affects the Religious Experiences of Female and Male Offenders

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12050298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Mallory Schneuwly Purdie ◽

Lamia Irfan ◽

Muzammil Quraishi ◽

Matthew Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Religious Identity ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Muslim Women ◽

High Status ◽

Religious Experiences ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Prisoners ◽

Individual Level ◽

Male Offenders ◽

The Individual

Addressing a significant gap in the knowledge of female Muslim prisoners’ religiosity, this paper describes and explains the gendered impact of incarceration on the religiosity of Muslim female and male offenders. Based on quantitative and qualitative data collected in ten prisons, including a male and female prison in England and a male and female prison in Switzerland, the authors show that prison tends to intensify the religiosity of Muslim men and reduce the religiosity of Muslim women. In explanation of this, the authors argue that, at the individual level, the feelings of guilt at the absence of family, the absence of high-status religious forms of gender and feelings of trauma and victimhood impact negatively on Muslim female offenders’ religiosity. At the institutional level, female Muslim prisoners, being a small minority, do not mobilise a powerful shared religious identity and chaplaincy provision—including provision of basic religious services—is patchier for Muslim women than it is for men and often does not take into account the specific needs of female prisoners.

Download Full-text

Access to Eye Care Before and After Vision Loss: A Qualitative Study Investigating Eye Care Among Persons Who Have Become Blind

The Qualitative Report ◽

10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4180 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tosha Zaback ◽

Stephanie Lam ◽

Joan Randall ◽

Teresa Field ◽

Mitchell Brinks

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Eye Care ◽

Individual Level ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

Before And After ◽

The Individual

Navigating access to eye care requires that patients recognize the need for screening and care, employ limited financial and social resources, manage complex health insurance policies, and access specialty clinical care. We investigated the experience of patients through the progression of vision loss to blindness, utilizing qualitative methods. We conducted structured telephone interviews with 28 persons with blindness throughout Oregon. Utilizing closed and open-ended questions, we explored patient experience on the events preceding avoidable blindness. Coding for emergent themes was conducted independently by two researchers using a constant comparative method. Participants described important barriers to accessing eye care: at the systems level, lack of access to providers and treatment; at the community level, available social support and services; and at the individual level, readiness to act and trust in providers. These findings suggest that important barriers to accessing preventive eye care, early diagnosis and treatment, vocational rehabilitation, and social services often occur at multiple levels. Access to eye care should be prioritized in efforts to reduce preventable visual impairment.

Download Full-text

Getting the Stories

10.1093/oso/9780199324385.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara J. Risman

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Social Structure ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Word Of Mouth ◽

Institutional Constraints ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Individual Level ◽

Gender Diverse ◽

The Individual

This chapter describes the qualitative methodology used in this study. Risman and her students and colleagues designed an interview schedule to study gender as a social structure. Questions were asked about experiences across different life contexts. Questions focused on the individual level of identities, the interactional level of expectations they held for others and faced by themselves, and their macro-level ideologies and experiences of institutional constraints. Most of the 116 respondents were from Chicagoland and were recruited at local universities, LGBTQ centers, and by word of mouth. The majority‒minority sample was also gender diverse including transgender, genderqueer, and other nonconforming respondents. All data were recorded and transcribed for qualitative data analysis. A preview of the findings is included as a conclusion to the chapter.

Download Full-text

Creative and innovative leadership: measurement development and validation

Management Research Review ◽

10.1108/mrr-09-2016-0213 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 1117-1138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashkan Khalili

Keyword(s):

Leadership Behavior ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Population Sample ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Content Type ◽

Individual Level ◽

Innovative Leadership ◽

The Individual ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Creativity And Innovation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a theory-based measure presenting the creative and innovative leadership behavior construct. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical dimensions of five leadership theories (transformational leadership, change-oriented leadership, innovation champion, leader – member exchange and authentic leadership) were synthesized. Using a quantitative approach, the population sample was composed of 514 respondents who held management and non-management positions. The validity and reliability of the instrument were evaluated. Findings The results indicated that the newly developed 24-item measure achieved an acceptable level of reliability and validity in measuring the creative and innovative leadership behavior construct. Eventually, the findings revealed positive and significant influence of creative and innovative leadership behavior on creativity and innovative behavior at the individual level in the workplace. Practical implications Organizations should invest in the creative and innovative leadership behavior construct in their training and in the selection of leaders with the newly developed 24-item measurement scale if their purpose is to nurture and enhance creativity and innovation. Originality/value This study makes important theoretical contributions in different ways. The newly developed instrument contributes to the relevant literature through the development and validation of a theory-based measure. Also, this study expands knowledge about resources in the workplace that nurture and enhance creativity and innovation at the individual level.

Download Full-text

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 183-198

Author(s):

Wiktor Soral ◽

Mirosław Kofta

Keyword(s):

Self Esteem ◽

Differential Effects ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Subject ◽

The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

Download Full-text

Empirical analysis of trait models at the individual level

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633912013-137 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

James W. Grice

Keyword(s):

Empirical Analysis ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Individual

Download Full-text

Metonymy in Dance: Ballet Bunheads Take a Cognitive Turn

Dance Research ◽

10.3366/drs.2019.0251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 18-34

Author(s):

Edward C. Warburton

Keyword(s):

Identity Formation ◽

Cognitive Science ◽

Artistic Development ◽

Individual Level ◽

Figures Of Speech ◽

Self Image ◽

Level I ◽

Dance Educators ◽

The Individual ◽

Metaphor And Metonymy

This essay considers metonymy in dance from the perspective of cognitive science. My goal is to unpack the roles of metaphor and metonymy in dance thought and action: how do they arise, how are they understood, how are they to be explained, and in what ways do they determine a person's doing of dance? The premise of this essay is that language matters at the cultural level and can be determinative at the individual level. I contend that some figures of speech, especially metonymic labels like ‘bunhead’, can not only discourage but dehumanize young dancers, treating them not as subjects who dance but as objects to be danced. The use of metonymy to sort young dancers may undermine the development of healthy self-image, impede strong identity formation, and retard creative-artistic development. The paper concludes with a discussion of the influence of metonymy in dance and implications for dance educators.

Download Full-text