scholarly journals Meningococcal infection: clinical and epidemiological characteristics in modern conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
V V Sharabkhanov ◽  
K V Zhdanov ◽  
S M Zakharenko ◽  
N I L’vov ◽  
K V Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The problems of the incidence of meningococcal disease and the epidemiological situation in the world, in the Russian Federation and in the Armed Forces are consecrated. In the past decade, there has been a global decline in the incidence of meningococcal disease, but there is still the possibility of new outbreaks and epidemics. From 1996 to 2016, a decrease in the incidence of meningococcal disease was also noted in Russia. In certain regions of the Russian Federation, an increase in incidence was recorded, which did not affect the general trend. Against this background, the idea was formed that in the coming years, thanks to a favorable epidemiological situation and the possibility of preventing meningococcal infection with the help of a vaccine, it is possible to achieve control of this infection. However, meningococcus showed all the classic properties of variability and fitness. Changes in the structure of circulating serogroups of meningococcus led to the formation of a non-immune layer of the population in the face of increasing pathogenicity of the dominant serogroups. The activity of the epidemic process is indirectly indicated by the high diversity of genetic and serological clonal complexes, serogroups and serotypes of the pathogen. The incidence of meningococcal disease over the past ten years in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can be assessed as low, but mortality has high values. The peak incidence was in 2010, but the maximum percentage of mortality was in 2017-18,2%. The increase in mortality from invasive forms of meningococcal infection, on the one hand, is associated with an increase in the total number of sources of this infection, on the other hand, with errors in early diagnosis and, as a consequence, in the incorrect provision of emergency care at the prehospital stage, which recur from year to year and are of a similar nature.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF THE DETECTION OF HIV INFECTION AT THE STAGE OF RECRUITMENT OF CITIZENS FOR MILITARY SERVICE AND DURING THEIR MILITARY SERVICE IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
V. G. Akimkin ◽  
M. Zh. Parshin ◽  
C. V. Zemlyakov
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Indices ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

HIV infection is a major threat to national security of the Russian Federation. Unfavorable epidemiological situation of HIV infection and drug addiction in Russia leads to a significant increase in the number of conscripts, recognized unfitfor military service on health grounds in connection with this disease. The quantitative and structural indices of detection of HIV infection in people at the stage of recruitment and during the period of their service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the dynamics have been analyzed. The most detection rate of HIV infection in soldiers in the regions of the Russian Federation with high prevalence of HIV = disease has been established. With aim to prevent the carrying and further spread of HIV infection in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation the performance of the mandatory medical examination ofpersons qualifying for induction has been suggested.

scholarly journals Review of Hantavirus Infections in the World, Epidemiological Situation on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Russian Federation in 2020 and a Forecast for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
A. V. Ivanova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
E. Kabve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Federal District ◽  
European Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The review used the data from operational monitoring carried out by the Reference Center for Monitoring over HFRS – “Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor”, based on official data provided by the Rospotrebnadzor institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was conducted using conventional methods of variation statistics applying the Excel program. Over the past decades, hantavirus diseases have become very relevant and spread throughout the world. In the territory of the Russian Federation, natural foci of HFRS are located in the European part of the country, Western Siberia and Far East. The most epidemically active foci are situated in the European part of Russia. Over the past decade, the intensive incidence rate of HFRS in the Russian Federation stayed within the range of 3.0–9.5 per 100 thousand of the population, the long-term average annual indicator – 5.2 per 100 thousand of the population. In 2020, 3845 cases of HFRS were registered (2.62 per 100,000 of the population). There was a decrease in the incidence of HFRS by 3.6 times, compared with the indicators of 2019. A factor that may have influenced the decrease in the incidence of HFRS was the depression of the epizootic process among small mammals, the main carriers of HFRS pathogens, due to natural and climatic factors. The nature of the distribution of HFRS incidence across the territory of the Russian Federation in 2020 was heterogeneous. Statistical processing of the data made it possible to identify 5 groups of territories that differ in the level of HFRS incidence. Almost all constituent entities of the Volga Federal District and the Kostroma Region belonging to the Central Federal District were classified as groups of territories with high and very high incidence rates. In 2021, the deterioration of the epidemiological situation is predicted in the summer-autumn period of the year in the Volga Federal District and four entities of the Central Federal District. 

scholarly journals SANCTIONS: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FORESHORTENING

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
I. D. Matskulyak ◽  
G. N. Bogacheva ◽  
B. A. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
External Intervention ◽  
Positive Effect

A number of aspects of the change of the political and economic relations, apparent by the sanctions policy of the western states to the Russian Federation and its realization, has been considered. The balance between the liberty, equality and fraternity, the perfect competition and free business, on the one hand, and the competition of smothering, ball and chain, on the other hand, – has been disclosed. It has been substantiated, that the western states seek to substitute the colonial influence in the past for sanctions pressure in our days. It allows them to get not only the competitive advantage, but also to obtain the absolute dictatorship sometimes. The conclusion has been made, that external intervention in the natural course of managing and especially the rough administrative influence never gives a positive effect.

scholarly journals The Militarization of Russian foreign and security policy and its possible impact on global security

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malina Kaszuba
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Global Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation

The transformation of the Russian foreign and security policy based on a more courageous use of military potential is a fact. Over the past several years, Russia has moved from articulating its interests to their enforcement with the use of military force. This article focuses on analyzing this process and identifying its potential consequences for global security. The conclusions drawn by the author, based on the conducted research, allow to state that the armed forces are and will be an important instrument of the Russian foreign and security policy. This does not mean, however, that the Russian Federation will strive for an armed conflict posing a threat to international security.

Experience of organizational-methodological and practical work doctors groups gain military medical units and organizations of the Ministry of defence of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
K V Zhdanov ◽  
S N Sidorchuk ◽  
S M Zakharenko ◽  
I V Potekhin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

The epidemiological situation for acute respiratory diseases, chickenpox, meningococcal infection in the garrisons, as well as in the whole regions of Russia, is unstable. Group and flash morbidity are registered, which determines the relevance of this pathology. Diseases of the X class occupy a leading position in the structure of the overall morbidity, both among conscripts and contract soldiers. The prevalence of infectious diseases in the structure of morbidity of servicemen of the armed forces of the Russian Federation is due to the combined effect of factors of communal and domestic arrangement and military labor. The article summarizes the experience of organizational, methodological and practical work of doctors- specialists of strengthening the staff of the Department of infectious diseases of the Military Medical Academy. S.M. Kirov in the organization of medical-evacuation support of patients with infectious diseases in military units (training centers) and military medical organizations of the military districts (Northern Fleet) in the context of daily activities of troops (forces) in the period of the seasonal rise of morbidity. The problematic issues of the organization of medical and evacuation support of infectious patients, the task of improving the level of work as a medical service (especially pre-hospital level) and doctors- specialists strengthening groups to prevent the spread of infectious diseases among the personnel. It is established that the level of General morbidity increased during the analyzed period, mainly due to respiratory diseases. In the structure of infectious diseases, the most relevant are adenovirus diseases, chickenpox, meningococcal infection. Currently, in the military units (training centers) of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, there is no single guide (position) for the organization of additional (non-standard) insulator. The order of actions of commanders (chiefs) on the organization of its deployment and functioning is not defined.

scholarly journals Assessment of Epidemiological Situation on Hemorhhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome around the World and in Russia, Forecast for 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
A. V. Ivanova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
V. A. Trifonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
European Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective of the review is to characterize the nature of epidemiological situation on HFRS around the world and to conduct a comparative analysis of intensity and dynamics of the epidemiological process in the Russian Federation by Federal Districts, as well as make forecast for 2020. The analysis of the epidemiological situation is based on the materials of the official websites of healthcare organizations in the USA and Europe, WHO, the data from operational monitoring carried out by the reference center for HFRS monitoring “Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology”, materials provided by the Rospotrebnadzor Institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The analysis included all administrative territories of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was carried out by standard methods of variation statistics applying Excel software. The epidemiological situation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome around the world and in Russia remains tense. In the Russian Federation, epidemically active foci are located in the European part of the country, in Western Siberia and in the Far East. Infections over the period of 2010–2019 were registered in 8 federal districts of the Russian Federation, in 58 constituent entities. However, the incidence distribution across the territory of the country was differential. In 97 % of the cases, the incidence was recorded in the European part of Russia. In the Volga Federal District, HFRS incidence amounted to 82.16 % of the total incidence recorded on the whole in Russia. High incidence rates are also recorded in the Central Federal District (CFD). Over the past 10 years (2010–2019), there has been an increase in the incidence of HFRS in the Central and North-West Federal Districts, and a decrease in the incidence in the Ural and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Varying degree of anthropogenic impact on the natural HFRS foci and climate change manifested in increased ambient air temperatures are of great importance for the spread of HFRS over the past decade. At the end of the review the forecast of the development of the epidemiological situation on HFRS in the Russian Federation for 2020 is presented.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation on the Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Russian Federation in 2009-2011 and Prognosis for 2012

2012 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
A. K. Noskov ◽  
A. Ya. Nikitin ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
E. A. Sidorova ◽  
M. V. Chesnokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Weather Anomalies

Analysis of the epidemiological situation on the tick-borne viral encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation with due consideration to weekly epidemiological monitoring data (2009-2011), conducted by Rospotrebnadzor organizations in the corresponding constituent entities, testifies of the fact that continuous decrease in morbidity, characteristic of the early XXI century, has given way to a slight increase within the past three years. Given that there are no spring or early-summer weather anomalies or forest fires, morbidity rates among the population of the Russian Federation in 2012 can tend to exceed 2011 rates. Comprehensive set of measures applied for the disease control and prevention in the majority of endemic territories is quite effective in view of averting sharp upturn of morbidity rates, but nevertheless is not sufficient in view of the suppression of epidemiological situation.

scholarly journals The Epidemiological Situation of Mumps in the Russian Federation in 1995 -2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Mikheeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemic Parotitis ◽  
Booster Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The retrospective analysis of incidence of epidemic parotitis in Russia in 1995-2016 is carried out. It is shown that growth of this infection incidence in 2016 was caused by the poor vaccination and revaccination coverage in the past, as well as the poor immunization quality (vaccination failures) and the decrease in post-vaccination immunity at some vaccinated persons due to absence of natural «booster effect» in the condition of sporadic incidence for a number of years, untimely and not in full holding the response and preventive actions in foci of the infection, and also delivery of the epidemic parotitis virus from epidemic area. Recommendations are formulated to hold actions for improvement of the epidemiological situation.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation on Plague in 2020. Forecast of Episootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation and Other CIS Countries for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
N. V. Popov ◽  
G. A. Eroshenko ◽  
I. G. Karnaukhov ◽  
A. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. N. Matrosov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The aim of the work was to substantiate the forecast of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation in natural foci of plague in the Russian Federation, countries of the near and far abroad for the year of 2021. Characteristics of the distribution of Yersinia pestis strains of the main subspecies (subspecies pestis) of medieval and antique biovars, Caucasian (ssp. caucasica) and central Asian (ssp. central asiatica) subspecies by 45 natural foci of the CIS countries are presented in the paper. The persistence of a multidirectional trend in the dynamics of epizootic activity of natural foci of the CIS countries with the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the medieval biovar of the 2.MED1 phylogenetic branch and the antique biovar of the 0.ANT5, 4.ANT phylogenetic branches in the current decade has been outlined. For the Russian Federation, the development of epizootics is predicted in the Gorno-Altai highland and Tuva mountain natural foci caused by the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the antique biovar 4.ANT and Y. pestis of the Altai biovar of the Central Asian subspecies 0.PE4a in 2021. For the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is a high probability of preserving epizootic activity in the North Aral, Aral-Karakum, Balkhash, Mojynkum, Taukum desert and Ili intermountain natural foci with the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the medieval biovar of the phylogenetic branch 2.MED1. For the Kyrgyz Republic, the forecast for the development of plague epizootics caused by Y. pestis pestis strains of the antique biovar 0.ANT5 phylogenetic branch in the Sarydzhaz and Upper Naryn high-mountain natural foci has been substantiated. A high epidemic risk of epizootic manifestations caused by highly virulent strains of Y. pestis pestis of antique biovars 0.ANT5, 4.ANT and medieval biovar 2.MED1 for the entire territory of the CIS countries is noted. The relevance of implementing forecasts of the epidemiological situation into practice, taking into account the molecular-genetic and epidemiological characteristics of Y. pestis strains circulating in areas of expected epizootic manifestations of plague, is highlighted.

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