Analysis of diagnostic and tactical errors in the management of patients with traumatic limb neuropathies

Diagnostic and tactical errors in the management of patients with traumatic neuropathies of the limbs are considered. Attention is drawn to the problem of treatment of traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves and the organization of medical care in modern conditions for patients with this pathology. The paper describes the difficulties encountered in the differential diagnosis and interpretation of the clinical picture of peripheral nervous system damage, as well as the possibilities of neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods of diagnosis, describes the most common variants of innervation. The most common traumatic neuropathies after medical interventions are presented. It is established that a high degree of mechanization of production, an increase in the number of road accidents, growing household injuries and the mass introduction into everyday life of extreme sports lead to an increase in injuries of the peripheral nervous system. The article pays special attention to the organization of medical care for patients in hospital conditions, as well as the main subjective and objective causes of errors in practitioners during topical diagnosis and treatment of nerve injuries. Attention is drawn to the fact that in order to provide modern high-tech medical care for damage to the nerves of the upper and lower extremities, specialists of surgical and neurological profile need to know the architectonics of the peripheral nervous system and the basic laws of degenerative-regenerative processes in damage to the nerves and plexuses. Rational therapy of victims of this profile should be planned and implemented in the early period of traumatic disease.

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About lesions of the peripheral nervous system after influenza in the winter of 1931-1932. in Kazan

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj81195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (8-9) ◽

pp. 697-715

Author(s):

I. I. Rusetsky

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Medical Practice ◽

Working Hours ◽

Epidemic Encephalitis ◽

Rational Therapy ◽

Large Groups

Since 1916-1917, the period of the last pandemic of epidemic encephalitis, infectious diseases of the nervous system have become common and fairly frequent in medical practice. Covering in some places large groups of the population and taking away a large number of working hours from socialist construction, these diseases should be the object of serious study by practically working doctors for their rational therapy and prevention.

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Present-day professional lead polyneuropathy — chronic demyelinating disease of peripheral nervous system

Neurology Bulletin ◽

10.17816/nb79897 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol XXIX (1-2) ◽

pp. 64-67

Author(s):

R. G. Obraztsova ◽

J. I. Borzunova

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Risk Group ◽

Lead Content ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Upper And Lower Extremities ◽

Working Day ◽

Chronic Lead Intoxication

Relatively high positive correlation between lead content in biologic environment and indices of porphyrinic exchange in patients with neurogenic form of chronic polyneuropathy has been determined. In risk group such correlation was absent. Clinical symptoms, change in electric neuromyography, indices of porphyrinic exchange and lead content in biologic environment has been studied in 92 workers engaged in making lead and exposed to small average concentrations of it close to the limiting permissible concentration during the working day. Progression of chronic lead intoxication, the initial form of which clinically reveals in 124 years by vegetosensoric polyneuropathy of upper and lower extremities and intrinsic changes in electric neuromyography indices has been determined. Isolated symptoms of polyneuropathy and lowering of the indicated parameters of electric neuromyography by 510% are revealed in preclinical stage (risk signs). The nature of electric neuromyography changes points to segmental myelinopathy.

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Pain management and stroke prevention in HHV-3-associated infection

Clinical Practice ◽

10.17816/clinpract10274-84 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 74-84

Author(s):

O. V. Kolokolov ◽

A. L. Bakulev ◽

A. A. Shuldyakov ◽

N. S. Makarov ◽

I. V. Sitkali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Pain Management ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽

Stroke Prevention ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Rational Therapy ◽

Modern Information

The modern information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and pain management in HHV-3-associated neuro-infection is presented. The criteria for the phased diagnostics and approaches to the rational therapy for shingles and postherpetic neuralgia are presented. The conditions aimed at the prevention of pain due to the damage to peripheral nervous system and stroke due to HHV-3-associated vasculopathy are discussed.

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Neural Engineering

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625395 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (02) ◽

pp. 142-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Durand

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Neural Control ◽

Neural Engineering ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Flat Interface ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Machine Interface ◽

The Individual ◽

High Degree

Summary Objectives : The field of neural engineering focuses on an area of research at the interface between neuroscience and engineering. The area of neural engineering was first associated with the brain machine interface but is much broader and encompasses experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects of neural interfacing, neuroelectronics, neuromechanical systems, neuroinformatics, neuroimaging, neural prostheses, artificial and biological neural circuits, neural control, neural tissue regeneration, neural signal processing, neural modelling and neuro-computation. One of the goals of neural engineering is to develop a selective interface for the peripheral nervous system. Methods : Nerve cuffs electrodes have been developed to either reshape or maintain the nerve into an elongated shape in order to increase the circumference to cross sectional ratio. It is then possible to place many electrodes around the nerve to achieve selectivity. This new cuff (flat interface nerve electrode: FINE) was applied to the hypoglossal nerve and the sciatic nerve in dogs and cats to estimate the selectivity of the interface. Results : By placing many contacts close to the axons, three different types of selectivity were achieved: 1) The FINE could generate a high degree of stimulation selectivity as estimated by the individual fascicle recording. 2) Similarly, recording selectivity was also demonstrated and blind source algorithms were applied to recover the signals. 3) Finally, by placing arrays of electrodes along the nerve, small fiber diameters could be excited before large fibers thereby reversing the recruitment order. Conclusion : Taking advantage of the fact that nerves are not round but oblong or flat allows a novel design for selective nerve interface with the peripheral nervous system. This new design has found applications in many disorders of the nervous system such as bladder incontinence, obstructive sleep apnea and stroke.

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Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083874 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 600-601

Author(s):

Wiktor Djaczenko ◽

Carmen Calenda Cimmino

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Glial Cells ◽

Early Period ◽

Postembryonic Development ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

The Body ◽

Tubifex Tubifex ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Cell Processes ◽

Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

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Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141160 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 958-959

Author(s):

S.S. Spicer ◽

B.A. Schulte

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Sensory Neurons ◽

Sensory Nerves ◽

Tissue Antigens ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain ◽

Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

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Stimulating Swallowing: Essential Central and Peripheral Nervous System Targets

ASHA Leader ◽

10.1044/leader.ftr1.16092011.10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 10-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ianessa A. Humbert

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Peripheral Nervous System

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Questions and Answers

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2000.marapr02 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 3-3

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham ◽

James B. Talmage

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Spinal Nerve ◽

Sensory Loss ◽

Residual Symptoms ◽

Additional Information ◽

Questions And Answers ◽

Motor Nerves ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Limited Motion

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) describes procedures for rating upper extremity neural deficits in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k; Chapter 4, The Nervous System, section 4.4 provides additional information and an example. The AMA Guides also divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain within the former. The impairment estimates take into account typical manifestations such as limited motion, atrophy, and reflex, trophic, and vasomotor deficits. Lesions of the peripheral nervous system may result in diminished sensation (anesthesia or hypesthesia), abnormal sensation (dysesthesia or paresthesia), or increased sensation (hyperesthesia). Lesions of motor nerves can result in weakness or paralysis of the muscles innervated. Spinal nerve deficits are identified by sensory loss or pain in the dermatome or weakness in the myotome supplied. The steps in estimating brachial plexus impairment are similar to those for spinal and peripheral nerves. Evaluators should take care not to rate the same impairment twice, eg, rating weakness resulting from a peripheral nerve injury and the joss of joint motion due to that weakness.

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