Peculiarities of the course of radiation-mechanical injuries during modeling of bone-muscular trauma of the limbs in expirement

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
S. I. Slukhay ◽  
K. P. Golovko ◽  
I. S. Drachev ◽  
D. V. Remizov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Experimental Animals

Experimental data on the course of the wound process and changes in the internal organs of animals during acute radiation sickness are presented. Morphological changes in the wound and with a fracture of the femur, on the model of combined radiation-mechanical conduction in 30 experimental animals (rats). It was found that wounds after primary surgical treatment often suppurate, and the performed osteosynthesis in fractures of tubular bones turns out to be an untenable delivery of metal structures. An unfavorable course of the wound process is noted in the form of pronounced purulent-necrotic changes in soft tissues, which leads to the appearance of degenerative-dystrophic changes in internal organs in experimental animals. The development of the infectious process in the wound, radiation damage is more severe, while the lethality increases by 2023%. The total area and thickness of the newly formed granulation tissue is 1,52 times less than in non-irradiated animals. As a consequence of the disturbance of reparative processes during the development of the mutual burdening syndrome, the consolidation of the fracture with radiation injury to rats was completed in 28,51,2 days, while in non-irradiated animals it was already by 2023 days. The reason for the death of animals is purulent-septic complications in 21 (73%) irradiated rats. Sepsis due to St. aureus was noted in 14 (66,6%) rats and St. epidermalis in 2 (9,5%) animals. Colibacillary sepsis was recorded in 5 (23,8%) rats. Thus, in the conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction, radiation-mechanical damage will occupy one of the leading places in the structure of sanitary losses. At the same time, the simultaneous effect of radiation and a mechanical factor on the body forms one of the most dangerous variants of damage, in which a favorable outcome is predicted only in milder forms of acute radiation syndrome and provided that surgical treatment is timely.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGYCAL CHANGES IN THE TESTES OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS IN CHRONIC ALCOHOL POISONING

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
А. А. Babanin ◽  
V. S. Ulanov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Partial Adaptation ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

The experiment with the chronic effects of alcohol on experimental animals reflects the picture of long-term use of alcoholic beverages by a person with alcoholism. It is impossible to fully study the ultrastructural changes in internal organs, including the reproductive system, in humans, both in acute and chronic alcohol consumption, but the results obtained in the experiment can be extrapolated to humans. The results obtained showed that changes in the parenchymal-stromal elements of the testicles during chronic alcoholization are reduced to dystrophic transformation of the spermatogenic epithelium. The testicular stroma is characterized by pronounced circulatory disorders with plethora and stasis in the postcapillaries and small veins, edema, phenomena of perivascular and interstitial sclerosis, with foci of pronounced hyalinosis, most expressed by 2-3 months of alcoholism. By 6 months of the model experiment, there was no dynamics of the growth of morphological changes, partial adaptation to constant intoxication with ethyl alcohol.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ALIMENTARY DEPRIVATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RAT'S THYROID GLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2(49)) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
R. V. Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Despite the well-studied effect of alimentary deprivation on the body, the literature data on its effect on functional activity and, in particular, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are single and often contradictory, which does not allow unambiguous conclusions. All this requires a more detailed study of the role and mechanisms of the impact of restricted nutrition on the thyroid gland. Aim: To investigate the effect of alimentary deprivation on morphological changes in the thyroid gland of young rats. Methods: The study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats aged 3 months. Rats of all groups were in uniform conditions, on a standard diet. Animals of the experimental group, for 28 days, received a diet reduced by 30 %. Work with rats was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Histological preparations were made from the central areas of the thyroid tissue according to the standard method. Using a digital camera, the micropreparations were photographed under a Nikon Eclipse E 100 microscope (Japan). Morphometry was performed using a computer program "Image J". Results: Histological analysis of the rat's thyroid gland affected by alimentary deprivation revealed that it had an unchanged physiological structure. The follicles were mostly of oval shape and of various sizes. Colloid in the follicles of experimental animals is of moderate density and contains numerous resorption vacuoles. Thyroid cells are of prismatic and cubic shape. It was found that in the thyroid gland of experimental rats the area of ​​follicles, colloid, their inner diameter decreases, the height of thyrocytes increases, the stereological resorption index increases and the colloid accumulation index decreases, the number of interfollicular islands increases. Also in experimental animals there was a decrease in the width of the interlobar and interfollicular connective tissue. Conclusion: In rats fed on a reduced diet, morphological signs of increased functional activity of the thyroid gland were found.

SURGICAL TACTICS FOR PURULENT-SEPTIC COMPLICATIONS OF COMBAT BELLY INJURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
O. S. Gerasimenko ◽  
Y. I. Gaida ◽  
A. V. Okolets ◽  
K. R. Muradian
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Vacuum Therapy ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Severity Of Injury

Summary. Combat injury of the abdomen, according to the ATO / OOS is from 6.7 to 9 %. The specificity of gunshot wounds to the abdomen causes the development of functional disorders and complications (51–81 %) and, as a consequence, a high mortality rate (12–31 %). Objective: To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment of purulent-septic complications in the wounded with combat trauma to the abdomen (BTC). Materials and methods. The Military Medical Clinical Center of the Southern Region (VMKC PR) analyzed the treatment of 86 wounded who were hospitalized with purulent-septic complications of BTZ from 2014 to 2020, taking into account the location, clinical manifestations and severity of injury, used modern treatment methods , namely: puncture and drainage interventions under the control of ultrasonography and installation of NPWT systems. Comprehensive treatment was supplemented with antibacterial therapy and oxygen barotherapy. First of all, the wounded underwent puncture and drainage interventions under ultrasonic navigation and gradual rehabilitation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. NPWT therapy was used in 11 patients with extensive wounds and purulent-septic complications of the soft tissues of the anterior abdominal wall. Thus, the use of interventional sonography, as the primary diagnostic and treatment method for the treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications of combat trauma to the abdomen, has improved the quality of diagnosis and reduced traumatic interventions, which has reduced postoperative complications and inpatient treatment. Results and discussion. Eleven (14.2 %) cases of puncture and drainage interventions were ineffective, in connection with which we had to resort to traditional methods of treatment — opening and drainage of purulent-inflammatory foci and the use of NPWT-therapy. Vacuum therapy is an effective method of treatment of purulent-septic complications of gunshot wounds of the soft tissues of the abdomen, which in combination with puncture-drainage interventions, can reduce by 2.5 times the number of repeated operations (mainly multi-stage surgical treatments), thereby reducing 1.8 times the length of stay of patients in the hospital. Conclusions. Thanks to the use of modern methods it was possible to improve the results of surgical treatment of purulent-septic complications in the wounded with purulent-septic complications of combat trauma to the abdomen. The use of the latest techniques has helped reduce the number of invasive treatments, accelerate recovery, reduce bed rest, reduce intoxication, and increase the rate of return of servicemen.

Toxicological characteristics of a medicinal product for veterinary «Ketoprofen 10%» in laboratory rats (subchronic toxicity)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. N. Shkatova ◽  
◽  
D. A. Devrishov ◽  
O. B. Litvinov ◽  
V. E. Brylina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Laboratory Rats

In a subchronic experiment with intramuscular injection in rats, it was found that a dose of 70,7 mg/kg is toxic, and doses of 35,4 and 17,2 mg/kg are inactive (safe). It was noted that the 14 day administration of the drug «Ketoprofen 10%» in a dose 70,7 mg/kg caused a decrease in the body weight of experimental animals, contributed to the development of hepatotoxic action, a change in the mass coefficients of internal organs. The above effects were reversible 10 days after discontinuation of the study drug.

scholarly journals USING OF BIOCORRECTORS IN REGENERATION PACING OF MECHANICALLY INJURED RATS’ FETAL HEPATIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 924-933
Author(s):  
Lubov ROMANOVA ◽  
Natalia TOLMATCHEVA ◽  
Zhanna MASLOVA ◽  
Irina KAPITOVA ◽  
Elena SHAMITOVA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Proliferation Of Hepatocytes ◽  
Dead Tissue

The article is devoted to studying the influence of biologically active substances on the regeneration of internal organs in mammals at the early stages of development. Complete recovery of the organ after damage does not occur. It is necessary to look for new ways that reveal the processes that contribute to regeneration. The study of processes that occur in the body before birth allows understanding the mechanisms of what happens in the postnatal period in general pathological processes. It was studied the mechanical damage to the liver in rat fetuses under the influence of biocorrectors “Trepel” and “Suvar.” Morphological, morphometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods were used for processing the material. The results of the work indicate that the combined use of these biocorrectors after the development of a necrosis focus in the liver reduces alternative manifestations of hepatocytes, inhibits reactive inflammation around the injury site, slows down the recruitment of fibroblasts to the injury zone, and inhibits collagen genesis. At the same time, biocorrectors have a pronounced stimulating effect on proliferation of hepatocytes, which, against the background of increased enzymatic activity, manifests itself in the form of mitotic division activation and polyploidization of hepatocytes. Despite the signs of regenerative stimulation, as a result, complete recovery of the liver in the site of the dead tissue in experimental rats does not occur; there is only a 34.7% decrease in the focus of fibrosis formed in the place of dead liver tissue, compared to control animals.

scholarly journals Application of early necrectomy of a deep skin burn on rats with acute radiation syndrome of mild severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
V A Kozyaev ◽  
I V Chmyrev ◽  
A B Seleznev ◽  
V I Legeza ◽  
E V Ivchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Skin Burn ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Operative Trauma ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Severity Of Injury

The involvement of countries possessing nuclear weapons in local and regional armed conflicts poses a threat of use of nuclear weapon. In the case of this combined radiation injuries can make up to 70% of sanitary losses. The existing ideas about the methods of surgical treatment of combined radiation-thermal injures are contradictory and do not clearly provide procedure depending on the severity of injury or in non-classical forms of injury. The idea of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of performing an early necrectomy of a burn eschar after a two-factor injury, which includes modeling mild acute radiation syndrome in addition to a thermal burn on rats. A deep skin burn was simulated with hot water over an area of 10% of the body surface after total γ-irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy. Then after 3 h the burn eschar necrectomy was performed. It was established that the chosen method of surgical treatment of a deep burn significantly aggravates the severity of irradiated animals, which is manifested by the death of more than 50% of rats in the first 4 days after necrectomy. The operative trauma became the leading component of the combined injury formed and determined the severity of its course. Thus, the burn eschar necrectomy modifies a light two-factor radiation-thermal injury to a classic combined radiation injury. Despite the severe postoperative period, necrectomy significantly accelerates the healing of burn wounds in irradiated animals. This indicates the promise of finding methods for compensating abnormalities developing in the postoperative period in order to accelerate wound healing before the onset of radiation sickness and prevent infectious complications.

Effect of highly porous bioceramics based on ZrO2 – Y2O3 – CeO2 system on the biological tissues of experimental animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
M. V. Kalinina ◽  
◽  
N. Yu. Kovalko ◽  
D. N. Suslov ◽  
Yu. S. Andozhskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Porous Bioceramics ◽  
Highly Porous

By reverse co-deposition of hydroxides synthesized highly dispersed powder (the average size 8 – 10 nm) of the composition (ZrO2)0.92(Y2О3)0.03(СеО2)0.05, based on it use comprehensive a blowing agent and mechanical activation of the obtained highly porous ceramics (average grain size 60 – 65 nm). The synthesized ceramic material-an implant with an open porosity of 55 % and a pore size of 40 – 800 nm was placed in the body of laboratory animals. The reaction of biological tissues of experimental animals to the introduction of plates made of composite highly porous materials based on t-ZrO2 15 months after their implantation was studied. It is revealed that enhanced revascularization is registered in capsules, and perfusion of tissues is registered in intact zone of ceramics introduction. The possibility of germination of vessels in soft tissues into the available pore space of ceramics is shown. The results obtained in vivo suggest that porous bioceramics based on t-ZrO2 can be used in the production of endoprostheses and implants in such areas of medicine as orthopedics and traumatology.

Computed tomography - a new technique in diagnostic radiology

1977 ◽  
Vol 195 (1119) ◽  
pp. 277-279 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

An attempt is made briefly to outline the medical potentials of computed tomography. Examinations with this new and very promising X-ray technique are made without discomfort, pain or risks for the patient. The examination does not require highly trained personnel. It permits a number of pathological conditions to be reproduced directly in an image representing a transverse section of the body. Different soft tissues are visualized directly and the shape of internal organs can be accurately perceived. Opacifying media may be used to enhance the visibility of certain organs or tissues changed by pathological processes. Computed tomography might be used to make function tests of various organs where it will be possible to follow the function not only of the whole organ, but of each elementary volume of it. In radiation therapy, computed tomography offers a much higher precision in the planning of the radiation treatment of a tumour. From the tomogram a computer can readily find the optimal directions and intensities of the radiation in order to obtain the required effect on the tumour while sparing the healthy organs. This new technique will give us fresh insight into many common and serious disorders having unknown mechanisms and causes.

Biomechanical Modeling of Human Finger

2013 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Panaitescu Liess Radu
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Vibration White Finger ◽  
Human Finger ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

Many of the studies in the biomechanics of the human body made globally focused primarily on hand-arm. This segment of the human body is considered a "gateway" of vibrations to other parts of the body or to internal organs. A long-term exposure to these mechanical vibration (caused by vibrating hand equipment: drill, grinder, etc.) affects the soft tissues and may lead to a dangerous syndrome, that is particularly vibration white finger (VWF), which is narrowing of blood vessels, a phenomenon that in time and untreated can even cause gangrene. This article focuses on a dynamic model with three degrees of freedom of the human finger. Some dynamic characteristics, such as centre of gravity, stiffness and damping, using both a rigid body structure system and computer simulations can be determined after measuring the vibrations.

scholarly journals Influence of intraabdominal hypertension on morphological changes of internal organs in experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
A.I. Sukhodolya ◽  
K.Yu. Krenov ◽  
I.V. Loboda ◽  
V.M. Monastyrsky
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Abdominal Hypertension ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intraabdominal Hypertension ◽  
Neutral Formalin

The development of intra-abdominal hypertension is possible with a wide range of surgical pathologies, in particular, the abdominal cavity, as well as in other nosologies and significantly aggravates the prognosis. Thus, polytrauma and major burns present up to 60% of the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome (AKS), and intestinal obstruction, peritonitis and acute destructive pancreatitis - in almost 80% of cases. The purpose of the work was to investigate the morphological changes that occur in the internal organs in an intraabdominal hypertension syndrome caused by peritonitis. The experiment was conducted on 28 guinea pigs, divided into three groups: I — the control group (n=8), the II group, in which the peritonitis was simulated by destruction of the colon in the experimental animals (n=10), III — the group of experimental animals, in which the peritonitis model was combined with a paranephrine blockade in combination with a blockage of the circular ligament of the liver (n=10). In all experimental animals, intraabdominal pressure was measured every 6 hours during the day. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet formulas using the Student t criterion. For morphological study section material was used (fragments of the kidneys, small intestine and peritoneum). To facilitate cutting the pieces, we carried out preliminary fixation of organs in 10% neutral formalin (at least 24 hours). From each organ, cut into 1–2 bits or ribbons, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution. After posting according to the generally accepted method, bits were poured into paraffin. Paraffin sections 5–7 microns thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. As a result of experimental work, it has been found that combined regional blockades effectively reduce intra-abdominal pressure within six hours after use, but their effect is short-lived. In the experimental peritonitis group, with the implementation of regional blockades with lidocaine solution, the morphological changes of the kidneys and peritoneum were less pronounced. Improvement of the technique of regional blockades, in particular the continued infusion of local anesthetics, can significantly increase the effectiveness of the technique without side effects that are inherent in, in particular, peridural analgesia.

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