Effect of highly porous bioceramics based on ZrO2 – Y2O3 – CeO2 system on the biological tissues of experimental animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
M. V. Kalinina ◽  
◽  
N. Yu. Kovalko ◽  
D. N. Suslov ◽  
Yu. S. Andozhskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Porous Bioceramics ◽  
Highly Porous

By reverse co-deposition of hydroxides synthesized highly dispersed powder (the average size 8 – 10 nm) of the composition (ZrO2)0.92(Y2О3)0.03(СеО2)0.05, based on it use comprehensive a blowing agent and mechanical activation of the obtained highly porous ceramics (average grain size 60 – 65 nm). The synthesized ceramic material-an implant with an open porosity of 55 % and a pore size of 40 – 800 nm was placed in the body of laboratory animals. The reaction of biological tissues of experimental animals to the introduction of plates made of composite highly porous materials based on t-ZrO2 15 months after their implantation was studied. It is revealed that enhanced revascularization is registered in capsules, and perfusion of tissues is registered in intact zone of ceramics introduction. The possibility of germination of vessels in soft tissues into the available pore space of ceramics is shown. The results obtained in vivo suggest that porous bioceramics based on t-ZrO2 can be used in the production of endoprostheses and implants in such areas of medicine as orthopedics and traumatology.

Effect of Highly Porous Bioceramics Based on ZrO2–Y2O3–CeO2 System on the Biological Tissues of Experimental Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-376
Author(s):  
M. V. Kalinina ◽  
N. Yu. Kovalko ◽  
D. N. Suslov ◽  
Yu. S. Andozhskaia ◽  
O. V. Galibin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Porous Bioceramics ◽  
Highly Porous

scholarly journals IN VIVO ENRICHMENT OF THE LAMB OF ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS FOR ITS USE IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana M. Giro ◽  
Ivan F. Gorlov ◽  
Marina I. Slozhenkina ◽  
Sergey V. Kozlov ◽  
Nogman V. Tasmuchanov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Animals

To provide preventive measures for solving the problem of micronutrient deficiency, a new effective biologically safe method of enrichment lamb through the intervention of the cattle rations with feed supplements containing iodine and selenium in organic form has been developed. An increase in the iodine, selenium and zinc content in meat of the test animals fed enriched diets was noted, with more significant localization of elements to be registered in the meat from the ram lamb fed the «Yoddar-Zn» feed supplement together with organic selen preparation «DAFS-25» (Zn - 980 mg/100g; Se — 53.9 mg/100 g; I — 77.6 mg/100 g). So, 100 g of m. longissimus dorsi contained 8.2; 77.0 and 51.7 % of the recommended daily intake of these elements, respectively, that proved the feasibility of further output of the functional products with balanced essential nutrients. Based on the data on greater localization of microelements in meat from the ram lamb fed «Yoddar-Zn» with «DAFS-25», we made jerked snacks from the raw materials obtained from the animals of this test group. In processing, the zinc content in the product decreased by 21.3 %, iodine — 26.5 %, selenium — 16.3 % and made 771 mg/100 g, 39.72 mg/100 g, and 57.01 mg/100 g, respectively, that met the daily norm for 6.4; 56.7 and 38.0 % (for 100 g of product). In the vacuum-packed snacks, the loss of zinc was 11.3 %, iodine — 14.3 %, selenium — 12.6 % from the original content. After 3 months of storage, the zinc content in 100 g of the finished products was 5.7; selenium — 49.6; iodine — 32.6 % of the daily requirement. Investigations of physiological effect of the jerked snacks on the body of the laboratory animals were performed. Stimulating effect of selenium and iodine on the hematopoietic function of the experimental animals was revealed. The study of the functional activity of the thyroid gland found that the experimental animals’ content of thyroid stimulating hormone in blood serum was significantly higher than that of the control rats.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Upconversion Nanoparticles. Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Yanina ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav I. Kochubey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles ◽  
Concentration Dependences ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Living Objects

Background and Objectives: The object of the study was the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles. The aim is to overview the literature on the toxicity of various types of upconversion nanoparticles and to search for their maximum permissible concentration when administered to laboratory animals in vivo. Materials and Methods: The approach used has been the analysis of recent publications on the topic. Results: Upconversion particles are promising for visualization of the structure of biological tissues and organs in fluorescent light, as well as for use in diagnostics of diseases and photoinduced therapy. Nanoparticles with additional shells or functionalized by surface coating with targeted or photoactive molecules, allowing the creation of particles with several modalities, are considered. The phototoxicity of such particles is considered separately. When using nanoparticles for therapy or diagnostics of the state of living objects, the issue of toxicity is urgent. The toxic effect of upconversion nanoparticles on the body depends on their concentration upon administration, as well as on the total amount of nanoparticles correlated with the body weight. Conclusion: From the considered concentration dependences, based on the results of histological and biochemical studies, it was shown that, as a rule, no noticeable toxicity was observed in such particles, and the maximum permissible concentration of particles can be considered 2 mg/ml.

Computerized Tomography: A Perspective in the Pediatric Patient

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Derek Harwood-Nash ◽  
Herman Grossman ◽  
Alvin Felman ◽  
John Kirkpatrick ◽  
Leonard Swischuk
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Central Research ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole Body Ct

Computerized tomography (CT), a technique conceptualized by Oldendorf in 19611 and developed by Hounsfield2 of EMI-Tronics Inc. (EMI) Central Research Laboratories, has proven to be a successful innovation in neuroradiology. Reviews by Ambrose3 in England and by Baker et al.4 and by New et al.5 in the United States have clearly demonstrated the value of this new modality in neuroradiological diagnosis. In 1975 Houser et al.6 and Harwood-Nash et al.7 provided the initial clinical and radiological data about CT in infants and children. More recently this technique has been extended to the study of tissues and organs in the body other than those in the head. This has been accomplished by modification of the original machine into a whole-body CT system. Early reviews by Ledley et al.8 and by Alfidi et al.9 suggest a significant potential for diagnosis of lesions in the abdomen, pelvis, and thorax. The advantages of CT are that it is less invasive than standard special diagnostic radiological procedures and that for the first time it provides in vivo information regarding the content and the characteristics of tissue composing organs and masses. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT In conventional radiography an image is made on radiographic film by an attenuated X-ray beam. In passing through a core of tissue, each ray of the beam is attenuated as it is absorbed and scattered by the tissue in its path. The intensity of the transmitted ray depends on the sum total of X-ray attenuation by all the different soft tissues in its path.

scholarly journals Preclinical evaluation of the veterinary drug “Amoxidev 15” for its use in surgical and obstetric practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (103) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
L.-M. Kostyshyn ◽  
R. Sachuk ◽  
Ye. Kostyshyn ◽  
O. Katsaraba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
White Rats

Suspension for injection “Amoxidev 15” is prescribed to fur-bearing animals (mink, fox), dogs and cats for the treatment of respiratory diseases (tonsillitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchopneumonia), digestive (gastritis, enteritis, enteritis). genitourinary systems (nephritis, urethritis, urocystitis, mastitis, metritis, agalactia), musculoskeletal system (arthritis, osteoarthritis, joint injuries, tendonitis, hoof lesions), skin and soft tissues (eczema, dermatitis) caused by sensitive drug by microorganisms, including colibacillosis, streptococcus, bronchopneumonia, etc. Toxicological evaluation of the veterinary drug “Amoxidev 15” under the conditions of acute and subacute toxicological experiments on a model of white rats. According to the results of an acute toxicological experiment with intragastric administration of the drug “Amoxidev 15” white rats DL50 could not be calculated because the death of laboratory animals was not detected within 14 days after administration. The maximum administered dose (in absolute weight of the drug) was 20000.0 mg/kg body weight, which allows to refer the drug to class VI toxicity of relatively harmless substances (DL50 > 15000 mg/kg body weight), and the degree of safety to class IV – low-hazard substances (DL50 > 5000 mg/kg). According to the results of an acute toxicological experiment with subcutaneous administration of the drug “Amoxidev 15” white rats DL50 could not be calculated because the death of laboratory animals was not detected within 14 days after administration, the maximum dose was 5000.0 mg/kg body weight, therefore, the drug “Amoxidev 15” when administered subcutaneously by toxicity can be classified as class VI substances relatively harmless (DL50 Subcut > 4500.0 mg/kg). When administered subcutaneously to white rats, the drug “Amoxidev 15” under conditions of subacute toxicological experiment in doses of 0.1–1.0 ml/kg does not cause hemo-, hepato- and nephrotoxic effects on the body of laboratory animals, although 3-day administration of the drug in a dose 1.0 ml/kg body weight caused an increase in the activity of hepatospecific enzymes ALT and AST by 12.5 and 11.1 % (P < 0.05), respectively, relative to the control, which was restored to the control level 7 days after cessation.

Measurement of Acoustic Emission Wave Attenuation by Bones and Muscles

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Pruden ◽  
Ozan Akkus
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Mode Separation ◽  
Viscous Losses

Stress fractures occur in bones of athletes and soldiers due to the accumulation of microcracks [1]. Detection of precursor acoustic emissions (i.e. ultrasonic stress waves) resulting from microcrack activity may help predict failure onset before continuous physiological activity results in full-blown fracture. An acoustic emission wave generated from a microcrack in bone will be diminished by dispersion, mode separation, reflection, and viscous losses induced by the biological tissues (skin, muscle, fat) between the source and the transducer. While others have recorded waves emanating from unknown loci in human knee in vivo using acoustic emission method [2], there is no means to appreciate how far these waves can travel in the body. Several studies have characterized the ultrasound attenuation in bone [3] and muscle analog homogenates [4] in the frequency range above 300 kHz. On the other hand, acoustic emissions are prominent in the range of 20 kHz to 300 kHz. The current study focused on identifying the attenuation of acoustic emission waves in bone and muscle tissues in a frequency range which is more relevant to acoustic emissions. This information is critical for predicting whether an emission of certain magnitude at the source can reach surface mounted sensors without being totally attenuated.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON EFFECTS OF TISSUE EXTRACTS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

1946 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo G. Nutini ◽  
Sister Eva Maria Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Tissue Extracts

1. The ability of alcoholic-precipitated extracts of beef tissue—brain, spleen, heart, and kidney—to stimulate the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, in vitro, and to convert the yellow S form to a white R variant with altered biochemical characteristics conforming to those of an avirulent organism, has been confirmed. 2. The avirulence of the white R variant has been established by tests in vivo on mice. 3. Staphylococcus aureus infections induced subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, and intravenously in mice responded favorably to brain extract following subcutaneous or oral administration. The mortality was 2 per cent in 444 experimental animals and 81 per cent in 448 control animals. 4. The extracts appeared equally efficient when used therapeutically (mortality 2 per cent of 162 experimental animals and 90 per cent in the control series) or prophylactically (mortality 2 per cent of 282 experimental animals and 76 per cent in 286 control mice). Extracts of brain and spleen were more effective than those of either heart or kidney. 5. Studies concerning the mechanism of action of the tissue extracts indicate that they prevented the formation of toxin by Staphylococcus aureus, and had but little effect on toxin actions. 6. Toxicity tests revealed that the brain and spleen extracts were relatively non-toxic, dosages equivalent to 2 per cent of the body weight being well tolerated. Kidney and heart extracts were much more toxic, producing mortality in dosages as low as 0.3 per cent of the body weight.

scholarly journals THE IMMUNOMODELING ACTIVITY OF BISMUTH CITRATE IN EXPERIMENT 1-CSTL AND LABORATORY OF INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
О. I. Hrushka ◽  
V. A. Turkina ◽  
B. P. Kuzminov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Bismuth Citrate ◽  
Degree Of Sensitization ◽  
Sensitizing Effect

The aim of the study. To investigate in experimental conditions the effect of bismuth citrate on the immune system of laboratory animals. Material and methods. One-time sensitization of tadpoles (subcutaneously into the ear) was performed according to the method of O.G. Alekseeva, A.I. Petkevich. The degree of sensitization was established after skin tests. Determined the leucocyte blood formula, T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood by the rosette method, immunoglobulins of class A, M, G in serum - by the method of radial immunodiffusion of globulines in agar Difco, circulating and extracellular complexes detection of the response of blood cells to the allergen "in vitro" - by the reaction of specific leukocyte lysis. Results. Bismuth citrate causes impaired immunological homeostasis in experimental animals. Indicators of nonspecific cellular component of the immune system have changed significantly, characterizing immunocomplex pathology. A decrease in the T-helper subpopulation was observed, indicating a significant immunomodulatory ability of bismuth citrate. At the same time, there was a significant increase in cells capable of rosette formation, which suggests that bismuth citrate is capable of provoking sensitization of the body. In the humoral immunity link, significant differences in the content of circulating immune complexes in sensitized and control animals were observed. Immunoglobulin levels were unchanged relative to control. The analysis of the sensitizing effect indicates that the most probable result of sensitization of the organism in this mode of receipt of bismuth citrate is the formation of type III hypersensitivity. Conclusions. Bismuth citrate under experimental conditions causes changes in the immune system of experimental animals, which are characteristic of the allergenic response of the organism to the complement-dependent type.

A Ternary Solution for Independent Acoustic Impedance and Speed of Sound Matching to Biological Tissues

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ophir ◽  
Paul Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Wide Range

In applications requiring a liquid which is acoustically well matched to biological tissues, it is often difficult to find a material which is matched well in terms of both the acoustic impedance and speed of sound propagation in it; changing one parameter invariably affects the other. A three component liquid system is described, which allows independent adjustment of these two acoustic parameters over a wide range. This range encompasses the soft tissues of the body. Results of parameter measurements are presented in the form which allows simple determination of the mixture required to match any combination of acoustic impedance and speed of sound propagation over a given range.

Some Observations on the Behaviour of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in different kinds of Laboratory Animals

1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Gharib
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Lymph Glands ◽  
Lymph System ◽  
Rats And Mice

(1) Rats and mice are specific hosts to N. brasiliensis.(2) The life span of the parasite may reach up to 100 days in the rat but is much shorter in other experimental animals.(3) Chickens do not become infected with this parasite.(4) It was found that the route of migration of this parasite inside the body to the lungs was via the lymph system and not via the blood in all experimental animals.(5) The larvae, after application to the skin, reach the lymph glands draining the site of infection, not before 12 hours ; and they reach the lungs at 18 hours after exposure to infection.

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