scholarly journals Nutritional support for patients with COVID-19 coronavirus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-91
Author(s):  
A. V. Grechko ◽  
E. A. Evdokimov ◽  
O. N. Kotenko ◽  
K. Yu. Krylov ◽  
E. V. Kryukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Prophylaxis, diagnostics and correction of nutritional status disturbances is considered as one of the main treatment methods of patients with COVID-19 infection-directed to resolve systemic inflammatory response and correction of metabolic response to a viral infection. Systemic Inflammatory Reaction (SIR) manisfestation as a result of viral infection leads to pronounced metabolic processes disturbances. The main metabolic manifestations of SIR is reflected as hypermetabolic-hypercatabolic syndrome with complex disturbances of protein, lipids and carbohydrates metabolism, increased consumption of carbohydrate-lipid reserves and breakdown of tissue proteins. Thus, adequate correction of metabolic disorders and a wholesome nutritional support, taking into account the clinical picture, severity of the disease, ongoing respiratory and intensive care therapy is an integral component in treating patients with COVID-19 infection which determines the efficiency of its treatment and reduction in mortality. Given the relevance of the problem, the authors decided that it was important to increase the COVID-19 treatment efficacy by producing guidelines based on the most fundamental provisions of the modern approach to nutritional support in critical patients with community acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, ARDS, sepsis, multiple organ failure.

scholarly journals Nutritional support for patients with new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Igor N. Pasechnik
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic has become an unprecedented threat to the lives of those affected and has increased the burden on the healthcare system in most countries. The severity of COVID-19 is not always predictable. However, comorbid pathology and advanced age are risk factors for a severe course of the disease with the development of multiple organ failure. When treating COVID-19, clinicians place particular emphasis on nutritional support as part of intensive care. Correction of nutritional status is also important in the rehabilitation of patients with the syndrome after intensive care. The aim of the review was to show the need for a differentiated approach to nutritional support for patients with COVID-19 during treatment and rehabilitation. From more than 200 originally selected literature sources from various databases (Scopus, Web of science, RSCI, etc.), 49 publications were selected for analysis, mostly published over the past 5 years. Earlier articles were used if they were still relevant to clinicians. The review provides methods for assessing the nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. It is emphasized that patients with comorbid pathology and elderly patients often develop malnutrition, which progresses over the disease. The article discusses in detail the issues of correction of malnutrition, depending on the severity of the disease and the stage of treatment. The effectiveness of rehabilitation is enhanced with adequate nutritional support. Current approaches to providing COVID-19 patients with nutrients and energy include a gradation of nutritional support prescription depending on the severity of the disease. Particular attention is paid to the gradual achievement of target protein and energy levels, as well as the preferential use of the enteral method of delivery of food components. Continuity of nutritional status correction at the outpatient, inpatient and rehabilitation stages improves the quality of care for patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals HEMATOLOGICAL INTEGRATED INDICATORS IN ASSESSING THE CELLULAR REACTIVITY OF THE BODY IN COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Raisa M. Smolyakova ◽  
◽  
Helena А. Kozyreva ◽  
Katsiaryna M. Shpadaruk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Acute Viral Infection ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Immunological Process ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Integrated Indicators

The article analyzes the disorders in homeostasis diagnosed during the development of acute viral infection SARS-CoV-2 in patients. Hematological changes in patients with coronavirus infection were characterized by the development of disintegration of humoral mechanisms of regulation with the initiation of a systemic inflammatory reaction with an increase in the leukocyte index of intoxication, activation of necrobiotic processes, an increase in the activity of macrophage-microphage nonspecific protection with a predominance of effector links of the immunological process. The development of immunocompromise in patients with a new strain of coronavirus infection is one of the determining factors in the course of the disease.

Metabolic Response and Nutritional Support in Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence for Resistance to Renutrition

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1911-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Charrueau ◽  
Linda Belabed ◽  
Valérie Besson ◽  
Jean-Claude Chaumeil ◽  
Luc Cynober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Metabolic Response

High cytokine levels and cytokine storm in the novel coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Maksim Leonidovich Maksimov ◽  
Albina Ayratovna Zvegintseva ◽  
Lyudmila Yurievna Kulagina ◽  
Albina Zainutdinovna Nigmedzyanova ◽  
Elvina Ramisovna Kadyseva
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A review article is based on current foreign sources. The level of cytokines in the peripheral blood can be increased in many diseases, but in some cases there may be an excess of their normal concentration in tens, hundreds or more times with the development of a peculiar clinical picture, which is based on a systemic inflammatory reaction. In the literature this condition has received the figurative name «cytokine storm», which highlights an extremely violent reaction of the immune system with an unknown (often unfavorable) outcome. Close attention of the scientific world and the public to the problem of extremely high levels of cytokines in the peripheral blood (hypercytokinemia) was drawn due to the high frequency of the cytokine storm in the novel coronavirus infection.

The development of complications of community-acquired pneumonia of a severe course against the background of parenteral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
I. N. Gayvoronskiy ◽  
Yu. Sh Khalimov ◽  
S. V. Gayduk ◽  
T. V. Lyanginen ◽  
A. S. Partsernyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Patient ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Vital Functions

Doctors of the clinic of military field therapy of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, the experience of successful treatment of community-acquired pneumonia of a severe course with the development of complications against the background of parenteral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic substances in a young patient was obtained. An important feature in the treatment tactics of this patient was the impossibility of antidote therapy with naloxone (a competitive opioid receptor antagonist) due to the presence of signs of respiratory failure, hypoxic and tissue hypoxia. As a result of the systemic treatment in the young patient, it was possible to arrest a significant septic process and multiple organ disorders of vital functions that arose due to severe endotoxic damage. An important factor in ensuring the survival of patients with severe pneumonia against a background of immune depression due to the use of toxic substances is the rational selection of an antibacterial drug or combinations of antibiotic therapy, constant monitoring of vital functions with prompt correction of emerging disorders, as well as the need to use modern high-tech treatment methods. This example clearly shows the need for urgent, systematic and complex intensive care in a number of manipulations performed in people with complications of community-acquired pneumonia, suffering from drug addiction. In addition, it is important to minimize the time from the detection of a poisoned person to the start of emergency measures, as well as their further evacuation to the stage of providing qualified and specialized medical care. Thus, modern medicine continues to face an extremely urgent problem of drug use by the population. A significant number of people with drug dependence syndrome do not seek medical help for various reasons, continuing to use illegal drugs.

scholarly journals Community-acquired pneumonia in children – problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
V. K. Tatochenko
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infiltrate ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Unclear Etiology ◽  
High Level

Pneumonia in children remains one of the most serious diseases. Despite intensive study, the diagnosis and treatment still present a variety of problems. The article is aimed to identify these problems and show the ways of their solution.One of the criteria for the diagnosis of pneumonia is pulmonary infiltrate on the X-ray image. Community-acquired pneumonia is often caused by Pneumococci and mycoplasma; respiratory viruses, influenza usually serve as contributing factors for bacterial infection. The high level of hyperand underdiagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia is associated with its similarity with ARVI; the registration of general violations (signs of the severity of the disease) improves the quality of diagnosis. The clinical and radiological picture helps to distinguish pneumococcal pneumonia from pneumonia caused by mycoplasma. To improve the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, it is necessary to study inflammation markers during the first examination of the patient, which is impossible in the conditions of home care. Due to the growth of resistance of pneumococci to macrolides a community-acquired pneumonia of pneumococcal (and unclear) etiology requires the use of amoxicillin in high doses and macrolides (in case of atypical pneumonia). Gentle therapy of destructive pneumonia, steroids for metapneumonic pleurisy allow avoiding invasive interventions and help to repair lung tissue.

scholarly journals Hyperactive cytokine T-cell response is associated with immunosenescence in severe acute COVID-19 infection 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Arcanjo ◽  
Jorgete Logullo ◽  
Paulo Emílio Corrêa Leite ◽  
Camilla Cristie Barreto Menezes ◽  
Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Viral Relapse ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Cell Mitogen ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, originally classified as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The most severe cases of COVID-19 can progress to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure, septicemia, multiple organ failure and death. The severity of the disease is aggravated by the deregulation of the immune system causing an excessive initial inflammation including the cytokine storm, compring interleukins characteristic of the T-dependent adaptive response. In the present study we show that severe patients have high levels of T helper type-1 and type-2 cytokines, as well as VGEF. Furthermore, our show abnormal cytokine levels upon T-cell mitogen stimulation, in a non-polarized response profile. This response is not specific, given that the stimulus with the heterologous tuberculin antigen was able to induce high levels of cytokines compared to healthy controls, including the vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, which promotes neoangiogenesis in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, caused by tissue hypoxia, and involved in a clonal exhaustion program in T cells. This can be decisive given our findings demonstrating for the first time a significantly increased frequency of late-differentiated CD8+ T cells characterized by critically shortened telomeres with particular phenotype (CD57+CD28-) in severe acute COVID-19 infection. These findings reveal that severe COVID-19 is associated with senescence of T cells, especially within the CD8+ T cell compartment and points to possible mechanisms of loss of clonal repertoire and susceptibility to recurrences of COVID-19 symptoms, due to viral relapse and reinfection events.

scholarly journals Cutaneous manifestations in children with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
O. B. Tamrazova ◽  
A. S. Stadnikova ◽  
E. V. Rudikova
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In late 2019, a new viral infection appeared in China, which spread around the world, causing a pandemic. The causative agent of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The review presents modern data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and course of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children. Chinese, American and European scientists have described a variety of cutaneous manifestations in children with COVID-19. The article provides a literature review of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children. During our own observation of 301 patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 at the Bashlyaevs Children Hospital in Moscow from May 17 to November 16, 2020, it was revealed that 39 (13 %) patients had skin manifestations. The article presents a classification of skin manifestations characteristic of COVID-19. A brief description of each group is given.

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