scholarly journals Template principle in biology (the past, the present, the future?)

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey G Inge-Vechtomov
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Double Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Template Principle

Discovery of DNA double structure is a symbol of establishment of the template principle in biology of the XX century. Template processes (replication, transcription, translation) have several common characteristics: they proceed in three consequent steps - initiation, elongation and termination and are followed by correction or repair. All of them possess the character of polyvarian-cy, which means that they arc carried by enzymatic systems composed of interchangeable components, which operate with different precision. There may be enzymatic components, identical or closely related by structure, which are involved in different template processes. Along with linear templates (DNA, RNA) so called first order templates there are space or conformational templates in the cell. The latter ones are represented by some proteins, which can change their conformation, memorize it and transfer to newly synthesized homologous polypeptides (second order templates). The second order templates may interact either with each other or with the first order templates. Knowledge about relations between different template processes in the cell brings a new glance on mutual influence of different types of variability and on their roles in evolution.

scholarly journals Die Zeit in zweidimensionaler Betrachtung

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Friedrich Koch
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Temporal Scale ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

AbstractB-time, i. e. the temporal scale of the B-series of events, is one and the same for all times, while A-times (the temporal scales of A-series) are as many as there are moments of time. This means that A-theorists will have to consider one-dimensional time two-dimensionally: as changing within itself at every moment. The two-dimensional view is here put to service for a meta-compatibilist theory of freedom, a theory, that is, which reconciles freedom, determinism and their first order incompatibility at the second order. Kant’s position is interpreted as meta-compatibilist as well, but as having the drawback of separating time and freedom. In order to appreciate the connection of time and freedom, one has to acknowledge that in free acts the future is determined further according to plan, while at the same time the past is (with nomological necessity) co-determined further in countless unclear and inscrutable ways. A free act thus consumes its own range of freedom by positing retroactively the sufficient causal antecedents for its taking place: It was free before it occurred and is part of nature after.

Quantitative Models of Motor Responses Subject to Longitudinal, Lateral, and Preview Constraints

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarald O. Kvålseth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Index Of Difficulty

First- and second-order linear models of mean movement time for serial arm movements aimed at a target and subject to preview constraints and lateral constraints were formulated as extensions of the so-called Fitts's law of motor control. These models were validated on the basis of experimental data from five subjects and found to explain from 80% to 85% of the variation in movement time in the case of the first-order models and from 93% to 95% of such variation for the second-order models. Fitts's index of difficulty (ID) was generally found to contribute more to the movement time than did either the preview ID or the lateral ID defined. Of the different types of errors, target overshoots occurred far more frequently than undershoots.

Business travel: a perspective paper

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Berendien Lubbe
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief perspective on the growth of business travel over the past 60 years and how it may unfold in the future, highlighting certain themes and noting limitations in the research. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on selected academic literature and industry sources on business travel which briefly reviews its growth and directions of research in this field. Practical implications The paper distinguishes between different types of business travel and provides a bird's eye view of the future. Originality/value The review distinguishes between different forms of business travel and concludes that greater clarity of the business travel concept will enable research to be conducted within a properly defined theoretical framework.

Global energetics of fast magnetic reconnection

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jardine ◽  
E. R. Priest
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear ◽  
First Order ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear Theory ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Converging Flow

We examine the global energetics of a recent weakly nonlinear theory of fast steady-state reconnection in an incompressible plasma (Jardine & Priest 1988). This is itself an extension to second order of the Priest & Forbes (1986) family of models, of which Petschek-like and Sonnerup-like solutions are special cases. While to first order we find that the energy conversion is insensitive to the type of solution (such as slow compression or flux pile-up), to second order not only does the total energy converted vary but so also does the ratio of the thermal to kinetic energies produced. For a slow compression with a strongly converging flow, the amount of energy converted is greatest and is dominated by the thermal contribution, while for a flux pile-up with a strongly diverging flow, the amount of energy converted is smallest and is dominated by the kinetic contribution. We also find that the total energy flowing out of the downstream region can be increased either by increasing the external magnetic Mach number Me or the external plasma beta βe Increasing Me also enhances the variations between different types of solutions.

Backpacker tourism: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Gang-Hua Chen ◽  
Songshan (Sam) Huang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Rapid Pace

Purpose This paper aims to contemplate the past development of backpacker tourism research and assess the future development of backpacker tourism research. Design/methodology/approach The authors evaluate the research on backpacker tourism in the past in the following three aspects, namely, research themes, research methods and geographical and cultural contexts of research. Findings Backpackers and backpacker tourism have been evolving in the past 75 years, just as other groups of travelers and forms of travel have. With the rapid pace of globalization in our time, backpacker tourism and its kinship forms will remain an important international tourism phenomenon, with root reasons in different types of economies and societies. As such, it will remain to be a significant research subject for tourism researchers in the future. Originality/value This paper contemplates the past development and assesses the future development of backpacker tourism research.

ASIMMETRY AND SIMMETRY OF TIME AND THEIR VALUE IN PSYCHOTERAPHY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
L. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Temporal Symmetry

Asymmetry and symmetry of time are examined as related to three issues. First is the flow of time. Second is its reversibility and third- the temporal distance between the present and the past, the present and the future. The theory of presentism which rejects the flow of time in past and future is questioned. Of particular importance in respect to the asymmetry and symmetry of time is the notion of reversibility. Very likely, one should think a relative time can be reversed and possess a temporal symmetry. Psychotherapeutic case shows that different types ofviolations ofreversibility ofpsychological time are the cause of different types of psychological disorders.

Introduction: No longer second-order? Explaining the European Parliament elections of 2019

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572110350
Author(s):  
Katjana Gattermann ◽  
Claes H de Vreese ◽  
Wouter van der Brug
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
General Framework ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Elections ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Future ◽  
European Parliament Elections

The dominant perspective of European Parliament (EP) elections is that these are second-order national elections where little is at stake. This Special Issue asks whether this perspective is still valid in view of increased politicization of European integration and in view of the higher turnout levels at the last EP elections. This introduction provides a general framework for the Special Issue and reflects upon some of its main findings. We argue that EP elections can only be considered first-order if they are primarily about the policies, rather than the polity. Some of the contributions in this Special Issue suggest that this is indeed the case. We reflect upon this and argue that there are reasons to expect that EP elections will become more first order in the future.

scholarly journals Prospects for the future of commercial printing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Horváth ◽  
◽  
László Koltai ◽  
Klaudia Maňúrová ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Customer Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future

The rate of change for the commercial printing industry with regard to technology, business models and customer demand is growing, and the landscape of the industry already looks vastly different from a few short decades ago. Across the commercial print sector today, there are many different types of companies – some very successful, with a young, skilled, enthusiastic workforce who have no trouble innovating and recruiting. However, as in any rapidly developing sector, other companies are trailing behind. Demographic changes are entering the market (Generation Z), as well as the upper levels of management in printing companies (Millennials), and “their preferences are now their demands”. This requires business models to be re-invented and a more intensive focus on issues relating to sustainability. The authors of the article summarize the future of the world of commercial printing and the current state of European commercial printing. They have based their work on a report published by the Smithers Research Institute in January 2020 on this topic and on the professional findings and arguments presented at major scientific conferences over the past two years, with the aim of getting these latest ideas to the earliest helping the researchers and practitioners to adapt to the rapidly changing situation and the challenge.

scholarly journals "Emerging Theology" for "emerging Church"

2015 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Mychailo Cherenkov
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Emerging Church ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Church

I cordially congratulate the book of Roman Solovy, a colleague of religious scholars and like-minded people on theological workshop. The author comprehends the mutual influence of culture and the Church on the break of modern-postmodern-post-postmodern. Unfortunately, the last move fell out of the attention of the author, leaving a sense of incompleteness, not-really-topicality. If the researcher is only going to analyze what the theologians of the "emerging Church" are thinking about "the transition from the modern to the postmodern era," he is going to look for yesterday. After-Postmodernism does not appear in the text, nor as a constant concept, nor as a premonition. However, from the subsequent text, it becomes clear why and in what sense the author regards postmodern as a stage of modernism, that is, the continuation of the past, rather than a bridge to the future.

Predicting Remaining Driving Time and Distance of a Planetary Rover Under Uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Daigle ◽  
Shankar Sankararaman
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Sampling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Planetary Rover ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
First Order ◽  
Driving Time ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Operational Decision Making

The operations of a planetary rover depend critically upon the amount of power that can be delivered by its batteries. In order to plan the future operation, it is important to make reliable predictions regarding the end-of-discharge (EOD) time, which can be used to estimate the remaining driving time (RDT) and remaining driving distance (RDD). These quantities are stochastic in nature, not only because there are several sources of uncertainty that affect the rover’s operation but also since the future operating conditions cannot be known precisely. This paper presents a computational methodology to predict these stochastic quantities, based on a model of the rover and its batteries. We utilize a model-based prognostics framework that characterizes and incorporates the various sources of uncertainty into these predictions, thereby assisting operational decision-making. We consider two different types of driving scenarios and develop methods for each to characterize the associated uncertainty. Monte Carlo sampling and the inverse first-order reliability method are used to compute the stochastic predictions of EOD time, RDT, and RDD.

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