scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HEPATITIS B IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Fomicheva ◽  
Nikolay Pimenov ◽  
Svetlana Komarova ◽  
Aleksandr Urtikov ◽  
Olga Paevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
The Russian Federation

Aim. To determine the epidemiological features of the hepatitis B in the Russian Arctic. Materials and methods. We carried out a retrospective analysis of the incidence of hepatitis B (acute and chronic forms) in 9 Russian Arctic regions, 3 subarctic regions (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region, Kamchatka Territory) and Russian Federation in 1999-2019. We also studied the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and vaccination data against hepatitis B in these territories. Results. From 1999 to 2019 the incidence of acute hepatitis B in three subarctic regions decreased 166 times (from 66.5 to 0.4 per 100 thousand population), in the Arctic zone of 73 times (from 29.8 to 0.4 per 100 thousand population) and 77 times in Russia (from 43.8 to 0.6). The incidence of chronic hepatitis forms in the same period in the Arctic zone decreased by 16.3 times (from 140.1 to 16.3), 5.8 times in the subarctic regions (from 116.6 to 20.0) and 5.7 times in Russia (from 96.3 to 16.8). In 2018, the results of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in the Arctic zone (697.3) was higher than in Russia by 98% (352.1) and higher than in the subarctic regions by 67% (588.6). Timely coverage of hepatitis vaccination in children aged 12 months in the Russian Federation, the Arctic zone and the subarctic regions is maintained at a high level (more than 90%) from 2004 in 2019. Coverage of children by vaccination to 17 years inclusive and adults up to 35 years on these territories also exceeded 90%. Conclusion. Vaccination against hepatitis B in the Russian Federation led to a significant decrease in the incidence of this infection in the Russian Arctic. High prevalence of infection indicates the need to continue the program of mass vaccination and the timely introduction of the first dose of vaccine newborns. To reduce the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer, it is necessary to increase the availability of diagnosis of the disease and its possible outcomes in the Arctic regions and timely provision of antiviral treatment of all patients.

scholarly journals State of Lake Water Resources in the Russian Arctic Zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Rumyantsev ◽  
A. V. Izmailova ◽  
L. N. Kryukov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation

Regions of the Russian Federation classified among Arctic zone estimated to 22% of Russian territory. Arctic is characterized by the richest reserves of natural resources, and its phased, balanced development is the most important strategic task of Russia’s socioeconomic development. Production and household activities of the population of Russia living and working in the far North is associated with difficult climatic and geographical conditions. In this case, the constant cold and consumption of contaminated water can lead to aggravation of various human disease. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is characterized by the richness of water resources as rapidly renewable (river runoff and its underground component), and static one to which are assigned the waters of lakes, underground waters, waters (ice) of mountain and polar glaciers. A characteristic feature of water consumption in the Arctic regions is the active use of lake water, which in a number of settlements is the main source of drinking water supply. In this regard, the assessment of the lake’s fund of Arctic zone and its ecological status is extremely topical.According to the assessments, more than 2.5 million water bodies, that is a ~2/3 of all water bodies of the country, are decoded in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation on satellite images. Mainly, these are small water bodies, only about 975 thousand of them exceed 1 ha. The total area of the water surface of Arctic lakes is ~160 thousand km2 (slightly less than a half of the total water surface of all natural water bodies of the Russian Federation), and the total volume of water enclosed in them is ~760 km3.Even in the middle of the 20th century, the lakes of the Russian Arctic, with rare exceptions, were characterized by the highest quality of their waters, but by now the ecological status of many water bodies has deteriorated significantly. The vulnerability of Arctic lakes to pollution is enhanced both by virtue of the peculiarities of their orometry and by the simplicity of the biological communities of northern ecosystems characterized by a low degree of stability. The poor knowledge of Arctic water bodies does not allow taking the necessary preventive measures for their protection and rational use. In this connection, attention to the expansion of works on the integrated study of limnology of water bodies included in the lake fund of the Arctic zone should be paid.An estimation of water resources of lakes of the Arctic zone of Russia, their ecological status and the questions of etiology of diseases on the territories of the Far North are given in this article. The morbidity of the population of the Arctic regions of Russia today is much higher than the national average. Further development of the territory and the observed warming of the climate will lead to increasing pollution of freshwater resources with toxic substances, pathogenic microorganisms and viruses. This will exacerbate the issue of ensuring environmental safety and meeting the needs of the population in quality drinking water. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that the most affordable technologies for water treatment and wastewater treatment in conditions of low temperatures and high content of humic substances in the initial water cannot ensure the proper level of disinfection. In this regard, one of the topical issues is the creation of innovative technologies for water purification that are more adequate to the conditions of the Arctic zone of Russia.

Problems and Prospects of Energy Complex Development in the Russian Arctic Zone

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
O. V. Skotarenko ◽  
V. I. Babenkov ◽  
Yu. A. Nikitin ◽  
M. V. Kutepova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level

The presented study examines the specific aspects of operation of energy enterprises in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.Aim. The study aims to identify the current problems in the operation of energy enterprises in the Arctic territories by analyzing their state and development and thus to substantiate the selection of perspective directions for improving the efficiency of their management.Tasks. The authors show the role and importance of energy supply for the functioning of the socioeconomic system of the Arctic territories, analyze the major performance indicators of energy enterprises, and substantiate recommendations on improving the organization of their activities.Methods. This study uses the methodology of economic analysis, trend analysis, structural analysis, and specific methods of regional economic analysis.Results. One of the crucial current problems in the development of the energy complex in the Russian Arctic zone is the high level of debt in the accounts, which leads to an imbalance in the current activities of energy enterprises. Furthermore, formation of electricity tariffs depends on the money paid for the generation and transportation of electricity and the services of distribution companies. This is due to the lack of continuous monitoring of the state of accounts and the lack of a legal framework for settling differences between network and energy supply companies, which are not given sufficient attention in economic studies.Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the authors propose the major directions for improving regulation of the development and operation of energy enterprises in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
M. I. SEREDINA ◽  
◽  
I. L. CHERKASOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Rich

The authors of this article briefly note the relevance of this topic; give the composition of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; consider the features of the development and functioning of this zone; briefly analyze the rich and diverse natural resource potential of the Arctic zone of Russia with the identification of natural and anthropogenic trends in the state of the zone and areas of international cooperation in the Russian Arctic with the identification of environmental threats. The authors in a concise form consider some features of the spatial development of the economy of this Arctic zone, as well as the formation and development of the Northern Sea Route, highlight the most important problems in the western, central and eastern parts of the zone. In conclusion, the authors draw brief conclusions from the entire set of problems they have considered.

Statistical Analysis of the Financial Solvency of the Russian Arctic Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
A. N. Chapargina ◽  
N. V. Dyadik
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Budgets

The uneven distribution of natural resources on the territory of Russia and the limited financial capabilities of the regions of the Russian Federation to exercising their powers, according to the authors, predetermine the relevance of considering the problem of assessing financial solvency for each region. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as a management object is nowadays an issue of concern from researchers and requires special attention since most of the country’s resource potential is concentrated on its territory. The study aims at a statistical assessment of the financial viability of the regions of the Russian Arctic through a correlation analysis aimed at exploring the forms of linking indicators that allow us to identify common and specific features of their regional development.The article substantiates the system of statistical indicators that directly or indirectly characterize the financial solvency of the regions. The analysis of the financial solvency of the regions according to the official statistics for the period from 2005 to 2018 was carried out sequentially and in stages: 1st stage - selection of the data array; 2nd stage - formation of a case of financial indicators; 3rd stage - building a matrix for correlation analysis; 4th stage - correlation analysis; 5th stage - interpretation of the results.Using the method of correlation analysis, the authors constructed a matrix of correlation pairs, identifying the most relevant ones for assessing the financial solvency of the region. Comparative analysis of paired correlation coefficients for the Arctic regions made it possible to assess the relationship between certain directions and features of their development.Assessment of the financial independence of the constituent entities is the central problem of balancing regional budgets. In this regard, the results of the study may be of interest to regional and federal authorities for forecasting and strategic planning of the development of the Arctic regions in the face of limited financial resources.

Housing Conditions of Population in the Russian Arctic Regions or Housing Question in the Russian Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Chapargina ◽  
Elena Emelyanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The issues of population providing with comfortable and affordable housing are relevant, because it has special social importance for the socio-economic development of Russia. The availability of housing is a person’s primary need, the satisfaction of which allows solving many social problems. Many problems to improve the living conditions of the population are solved within the framework of the state social policy, including the construction of social housing, housing subsidies, and the provision of preferential housing. The article considers issues related to improving the living conditions of the population in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The paper aims to analyze the living conditions of the population in the Russian Arctic regions and to assess the needs and opportunities of the population in improving their housing conditions. Research methods are analysis and synthesis of statistical information, grouping, generalization, comparison, visualization. The infrastructure and improvement of the housing stock and the housing provision of the population in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation were assessed. The possibilities and needs of the population of the Arctic regions in improving housing conditions are estimated. The authors said that the specificity and complexity of solving the problem of improving housing conditions in the Arctic regions is, first of all, to increasing capital costs for the construction and maintenance of the housing stock and the high cost of utilities for the population. A set of measures has been proposed for revitalizing and recovering from a pandemic domestic consumer demand of residents of the Arctic regions for improving housing conditions in the region of residence, as well as to create conditions for the consolidation of the population and the solution of social problems associated with housing.

scholarly journals Modeling a Process-Oriented System for Ensuring the Guality of Medical Services in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
K. N. Glazov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Oriented System

Purpose: the main goal is to simulate a process-oriented system for ensuring the quality of medical services in health care facilities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: formulated the main aspects of process-oriented quality assurance services in health care; a model was built for the implementation of a process-oriented system for ensuring the quality of services in the conditions of the Arctic territories; developed guidelines for the practical implementation of a process-oriented system to ensure the quality of medical services in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation.Methods: this article is based on an interdisciplinary concept of ensuring the quality of medical services provided in relation to the specifics of the functioning and development of treatment-and-prophylactic organizations based on a process-oriented approach.Results: the most important direction of development of the national economy is to ensure an adequate level of quality of medical services provided in health care organizations and in the formation of patient-oriented service for end users (patients), which is especially important for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes foreign sources regarding the use of a process-oriented approach to the issues of ensuring the quality of medical services provided. Also in this publication a model of process-oriented quality assurance of medical services in the conditions of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation is formed. Practical recommendations for the effective use of process-oriented mechanisms ensuring the quality of medical services in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation have been developed.Conclusions and Relevance: the materials presented in the article show the special role of the health care system in social and economic processes. The proposed model of ensuring the quality of medical services is recommended for use not only in the represented region, it could be effective for all organizations in the field of health care, regardless of the form of ownership and organizational-legal form, as well as territorial location. Research conducted in this article represents the development of scientific ideas about modern technologies to ensure the quality of medical services in a regional perspective. The practical application of its results will improve the procedures for managing the quality of services, organizing business processes of basic medical activities, including the production of medical services, as well as their service characteristics in relation to healthcare, taking into account current economic and social trends, and as a result ensure their sustainable development.

scholarly journals Geoinformation analysis of soil cover protection in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-540
Author(s):  
A.A. Prisyazhnaya ◽  
◽  
O.V. Chernova ◽  
G.V. Mitenko ◽  
V.V. Snakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Tundra Soils ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Different Soils

The representativeness of the soil diversity in the network of nature protected areas of the Russian Arctic was calculated on the basis of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation, 1:2.5 M scale by using geoinformation analysis. The authors estimated soil cover composition and soil contours areas using the ArcView GIS system. They have identified 90 different soils and soil complexes in the Arctic zone of Russia, 30 of them belong to the Arctic and tundra soils and occupy 47% of total Russian Arctic zone area. In the nature reserves and national parks territory, 48 different soils and soil complexes have been identified, 15 of them belong to the group of arctic and tundra soils, which occupy 60% of the area of protected areas. The investigation shows that currently the existing system of the Arctic protected areas is characterized by high representation of the taxonomic soil diversity (the representativeness indicator is 94%). The only soil type, Arctic Gleezem (Turbic Criosols), is not territorial protected within its typical distribution areas. To optimize the system of Arctic protected areas, the authors propose to adjust the boundaries of the existing nature protected areas in the Anadyr River basin, as well as to consider the possibility of organizing a protected area in the southern part of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago.

scholarly journals Means of supporting construction organizations operating in the Arctic: problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
I. S. Belyaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers issues associated with the problems and means of supporting the construction organizations operating in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF), including the state measures of supporting these organizations. The author proposes to establish an organizational and economic mechanism of supporting construction organizations operating in the AZRF. According to the author, this mechanism would ensure a faster and more effective implementation of the state goals set out in Presidential Decree no. 645 of 26.10.2020 «On the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Ensuring National Security for the period up to 2035». A system of assessing the level of development of state means of supporting construction organizations operating in the regions of the Russian Arctic is offered.

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