Legal aspects of perinatal loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Vitaly F. Bezhenar ◽  
Lidia A. Ivanova ◽  
Dmitry O. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Death Certificate ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Perinatal Loss ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Basic Documentation ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Contemporary Medicine

BACKGROUND: Perinatal death is the death of the fetus, starting from 22 weeks of pregnancy and in childbirth, as well as the death of a newborn in the first seven days of life. Despite the fact that reducing perinatal losses is one of the most important tasks of contemporary medicine, the level of perinatal mortality in Russia in recent years has been about 7.5 . AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze documentation related to the legal aspects of perinatal loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The article analyzes the main federal laws, agency regulations, orders, methodological letters, recommendations, and materials on the Internet concerning the main aspects and questions that most often arise among doctors, as well as postpartum women who have undergone perinatal loss and their family members. RESULTS: The article provides data on: the medical criteria for birth, basic documentation issued in case of stillbirth, the birth of a live child who died in the perinatal period, and the rules for their issuance; the rules and procedure for notifying state bodies in case of perinatal death, the rules for registering a stillborn and a child who died in the first 168 hours of extrauterine life; the types of perinatal death certificate; the rules for conducting a pathological autopsy and the possibility of refusing it; the issues of burial of children who died perinatally; the rules for handling material obtained during termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The legislative framework was analyzed and answers were given to the most frequently asked questions regarding the legal aspects of perinatal loss.

Determining the cause of perinatal loss: is it always possible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Vitaly F. Bezhenar ◽  
Lidia A. Ivanova ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Korshunov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Perinatal Loss ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Healthcare Institution ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Intrauterine Infections ◽  
Analytical Center

Hypothesis/aims of study. In the past 15 years, statistical reports have standardly identified five main causes of perinatal loss: hypoxia / asphyxia and its consequences, congenital malformations, respiratory disorders, intrauterine infections, and birth injuries. The cause of perinatal loss is indicated in 17-83% of cases, but this percentage can be increased by a careful analysis of the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and the results of autopsy. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of verification of the causes of perinatal death in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region for 2006-2018. Study design, materials and methods. The methodology of determining the cause of perinatal loss in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region for 2006-2018 was analyzed according to the reports of the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Medical Information and Analytical Center) and the Leningrad Regional State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Medical Information Analytical Center, as well as the Leningrad Regional Pathological and Anatomical Bureau. Further, the frequency of cases in which the cause of perinatal loss was not indicated was estimated in dynamics over the analyzed period. Results. The methodology and problems arising in establishing the basic diagnoses were studied: intrauterine hypoxia (P20.0), asphyxia during childbirth (P21), respiratory disorders in the newborn that occurred in the perinatal period (P22-P28), and hemorrhagic and hematological disorders in the fetus and newborn (P50-P61). Differences in the frequency of diagnosis of causes of death in Leningrad Regional Pathological and Anatomical Bureau are explained. Those are due to the methodology for establishing a diagnosis of chronic placental insufficiency (O43.8, other placental disorders: dysfunction, heart attack) based on the detection of hypoxic cardiopathy at autopsy, and due to the approach developed by the institution to detect intrauterine infections. The frequency of cases in which the cause of perinatal loss was not indicated was estimated, the reasons and possibilities of this being explained. Conclusion. Low information content of the official statistical reports makes it difficult to analyze the real causes of perinatal loss.

Legal aspects of ecotourism: towards creating an international legislative framework

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Stanković ◽  
Ana Batrićević ◽  
Vladan Joldžić
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legislative Framework

Purpose This study aims to highlight the most important preventive measures that should be proposed by policymakers and adopted by (inter)national legislative bodies by changing existing or adopting new legal documents. The implementation of these measures should be performed by state bodies responsible for ecotourism, natural and cultural resources protection and ecotourism services users. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical legal approach was applied, based on a systematic review of international legally binding and non-binding documents related to ecotourism, adopted by relevant international organizations. Analysis of norms for preventive protection of natural and cultural values was done and followed by law-reform research in the form of recommendations that should be adopted as binding. Findings International legal documents relevant to ecotourism analysed in this paper are divided into two groups. The first regulates exclusively ecotourism issues, whereas the second deals with sustainable development and indirectly refers to ecotourism, as one of its segments. Analysed international legal documents require unambiguous norms regulating preventive protective measures in ecotourism by prescribing actual obligations and prohibitions for relevant subjects. Given recommendations are grouped into five types according to the subjects they are addressing (ecotourism experts, policymakers, legislators, natural and cultural conservationists, local communities, educators). Originality/value This study is the first that points to the need to amending international legal documents related to ecotourism through recommendations regarding natural and cultural values’ preventive protection.

scholarly journals Creating a Multisite Perinatal Psychiatry Databank: Purpose and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9352
Author(s):  
Wid Kattan ◽  
Laura Avigan ◽  
Barbara Hayton ◽  
Jennifer L. Barkin ◽  
Martin St-André ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Perinatal Psychiatry ◽  
The Relationship

Mental health issues during the perinatal period are common; up to 29% of pregnant and 15% of postpartum women meet psychiatric diagnostic criteria. Despite its ubiquity, little is known about the longitudinal trajectories of perinatal psychiatric illness. This paper describes a collaboration among six perinatal mental health services in Quebec, Canada, to create an electronic databank that captures longitudinal patient data over the course of the perinatal period. The collaborating sites met to identify research interests and to select a standardized set of variables to be collected during clinical appointments. Procedures were implemented for creating a databank that serves both research and clinical purposes. The resulting databank allows pregnant and postpartum patients to complete self-report questionnaires on medical and psychosocial variables during their intake appointment in conjunction with their clinicians who fill in relevant medical information. All participants are followed until 6 months postpartum. The databank represents an opportunity to examine illness trajectories and to study rare mental disorders and the relationship between biological and psychosocial variables.

scholarly journals Experiences with perinatal loss from the health professionals’ perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia María Pastor Montero ◽  
José Manuel Romero Sánchez ◽  
César Hueso Montoro ◽  
Manuel Lillo Crespo ◽  
Ana Gema Vacas Jaén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Perinatal Loss ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Perinatal Bereavement ◽  
Loss And Grief ◽  
Healthcare Practice ◽  
Action Strategies

The purpose of this paper is to know the experience of health professionals in situations of perinatal death and grief and to describe their action strategies in the management of perinatal loss. A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out through interviews conducted with 19 professionals. Three thematic categories were identified: Healthcare practice, feelings aroused by perinatal loss and meaning and beliefs about perinatal loss and grief. The results revealed that the lack of knowledge and skills to deal with perinatal loss are identified as the main reason behind unsuitable attitudes that are usually adopted in these situations. This generates anxiety, helplessness and frustration that compromise professional competency. The conclusion reached is that the promotion of training programs to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities in management of perinatal bereavement and the development of a clinical practice guideline for perinatal loss are necessary.

scholarly journals Cyber-Security Culture: Psychological and Legal Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
I.R. Begishev
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Legislative Framework

Digitalization has become part and parcel of the modern-day human activities. Nowadays it is going into every field of business and personal life. To develop and prosper, most organizations need IT systems, and hence to take the safeguarding of their informational assets seriously. Many of the processes which are essential for securing their IT assets, largely depend on human interaction. This study has attempted to address the culture of cyber-security in the light of psychology and law. The results of the research showed that from the psychological standpoint, the culture of cyber-security involves the willingness on the part of a modern human to overcome the digital expansion by mastering the tools for countering the negative IT factors. In its turn, from the legal standpoint, the culture of cyber-security is based on the legislative framework which regulates the legal relations in the field of cyber-security.

scholarly journals Tissue banks. World experience. The history of development and current approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
A. S. Mironov ◽  
N. V. Borovkova ◽  
M. S. Makarov ◽  
I. N. Ponomarev ◽  
Yu. V. Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Tissue Banks ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
History Of

The article outlines the main stages of the formation, development and specialization of medical institutions associated with the harvesting and procurement of allogeneic tissues, considers the global practice in the field of tissue institutions, taking into account medical and legal aspects. In the second half of the XX century, the tendency has developed towards the consolidation of tissue banks and the expansion of their functional capabilities within individual states. The development of this trend in the late XX - early XXI centuries led to the establishment of international tissue banking associations. The goal of international associations of tissue banks has been to develop cooperation, standardize procedures at all stages of tissue harvesting and procurement, and form an effective legislative framework. In the Soviet Union, the procurement of donor tissues was widely developing, but in the 90s, in our country there was an abrupt decline in this field. To date, in Russia, the harvesting and procurement of allogeneic tissues is carried out in only a few institutions; the development of tissue institutions is difficult due to the lack of an adequate legal framework. The article proposes to legally differentiate the concepts of "organ transplantation" and "tissue transplantation"; as an example, the US experience in this area is discussed.

Prevention of Postpartum Psychopathology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golfo Tzilos ◽  
Kristina Davis ◽  
Caron Zlotnick
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
High Risk Women ◽  
Opportune Time

Approximately 26% of postpartum women meet diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Untreated psychopathology in the postpartum period is associated with a range of adverse outcomes for both infant and mother. Fortunately, the perinatal period provides an opportune time to intervene with and prevent postpartum psychopathology. Women have increased contact with health care providers during this time, providing an avenue through which access to prevention can be improved. Furthermore, with increased knowledge to identify high-risk women, preventive interventions can be delivered to assist both the woman and infant. Preventive efforts for postpartum psychopathology are aimed at modifying risk factors or protective factors to prevent the psychiatric disorder and primarily use three distinct approaches: universal, selective, and indicated. This chapter provides a review of the empirical research in the prevention of postpartum psychopathologies including postpartum depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, psychosis, and addictions (tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs).

Legal Aspects of Digital Platforms for the Sharing Consumption Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
A. V. Altukhov ◽  
A. O. Gostilovich ◽  
S. Yu. Kashkin
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Russian Federation

Aim. To consider the features of the shared consumption phenomenon that require specialized legal regulation.Tasks. To highlight the problems of the legislative framework in this area; to give suggestions for solving the identified problems.Methodology. The study was conducted in the context of the economic and legal science theory and methodology, using methods of information synthesis and analysis, expert evaluation; scientific and popular scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors were researched.Results. The concept of the shared consumption economy is revealed. The legal aspects of digital platforms for the shared consumption economy are considered, the experience of the European Union (EU) and the results of the Russian Federation (RF) achieved in this area are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the authors propose to apply the principles and mechanisms of integration law for the regulatory regulation of the new socio-economic model.Conclusions. It is shown that integration law will best use the accumulated practical experience of legal mechanisms’ timely adaptation to the variability of the external environment in the conditions of digital transformation and artificial intelligence. It is concluded that the concept of “good governance” can be successfully used for the legal regulation of the shared consumption economy platforms.

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