Distribution of malignant neoplasms among patients with endometriosis: an epidemiological study

Hypothesis/aims of study. The current analysis was undertaken to assess the incidence of malignant diseases in patients with endometriosis. Study design, materials and methods. This is a cohort study of women with surgically verified endometriosis retrieved from the Saint Petersburg 122 Clinical Hospital Discharge Register 1996–2006 (n = 1551). Data were linked to the Saint Petersburg Cancer Agency to identify cases of malignancy. Results. Malignant diseases were identified in 6.3% (n = 98) of cases. The median follow-up was 12.2 (7.5) years. Breast cancer (n = 29), ovarian cancer (n = 7), endometrial cancer (n = 7), thyroid cancer (n = 7), colorectal cancer (n = 6), melanoma (n = 6), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n = 4), and glioblastoma (n = 3) were prevalent. Conclusion. The incidence of cancer in patients with endometriosis is low. Women with endometriosis have an increased risk of some malignancies, particularly ovarian cancer.

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Genetically associated breast cancer. Prevention and treatment

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Medicinskaia genetika» ◽

10.25557/2073-7998.2019.10.3-9 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

А.Д. Зикиряходжаев ◽

Э.К. Сарибекян ◽

А.С. Сухотько ◽

А.В. Трегубова

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cumulative Risk ◽

Brca2 Gene ◽

Contralateral Breast ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Female Population ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Brca1 Brca2

Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) занимает первое место в структуре онкологической заболеваемости и смертности от злокачественных новообразований среди женского населения Российской Федерации. Согласно последним статистическим данным, отмечается неуклонный рост заболеваемости РМЖ, что требует более тщательного изучения возможных мер профилактики его развития. Одним из современных методов обследования при подозрении на РМЖ является выполнение генетического исследования на наличие мутаций, увеличивающих риски развития заболевания. Так, на сегодняшний день известно большое количество генов, ассоциированных с повышенным риском развития РМЖ, к таким генам относятся: BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, TP53, STK-11 и многие другие. При выявлении той или иной мутации у пациентки повышаются риски развития РМЖ, а если заболевание уже реализовано, то риски развития рака контрлатеральной молочной железы. По данным литературы, кумулятивный риск развития РМЖ у носителей мутации в гене BRCA1 к 80 годам составляет 72%, при этом риск развития рака яичников составляет 44% и 40% риск развития рака контралатеральной молочной железы. Для носителей мутации в гене BRCA2 кумулятивный риск развития РМЖ составляет 69%, риск развития рака яичников составляет 17% и 26% риск развития рака контралатеральной молочной железы. Учитывая значительное повышение рисков развития РМЖ при носительстве мутации в том или ином гене, актуальным, на сегодняшний день, является вопрос о внедрении в широкую практику профилактических операций, которые позволяют значительно снизить риски развития РМЖ. В данном обзоре литературы представлены наиболее актуальные статьи, затрагивающие данную тематику. Breast cancer (BC) occupies the first place in the structure of cancer incidence and mortality from malignant neoplasms among the female population of the Russian Federation. According to the latest statistics, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of breast cancer, which requires a more thorough study of possible measures to prevent its development. One of the modern methods of examination for suspected breast cancer is to carry out a genetic study for mutations that increase the risk of developing breast cancer compared with a group of patients with sporadic breast cancer. So, today a large number of genes are known that are associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, these genes include: BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, TP53, STK-11 etc. If one or another mutation is detected in a patient, the risks of developing breast cancer increase, and if the disease has already been realized, then the risks of developing cancer of the contralateral breast. Thus, the cumulative risk of developing breast cancer in carriers of mutations in the BRCA1 gene to 80 years old is 72%, while the risk of developing ovarian cancer is 44% and 40% the risk of developing cancer of the contralateral breast. For carriers of mutations in the BRCA2 gene, the cumulative risk of developing breast cancer is 69%, the risk of developing ovarian cancer is 17% and 26% is the risk of developing cancer of the contralateral breast. Given the significant increase in the risks of developing breast cancer with carriage of a mutation in a particular gene, today, the urgent issue is the introduction of preventive surgery into widespread practice, since it is the implementation of preventive mastectomy that can significantly reduce the risks of developing breast cancer. This literature review presents the most relevant articles affecting this topic.

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A Case Report of Germline Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the BRCA1 Gene of an Ovarian and Breast Cancer Patient

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 889

Author(s):

Ava Kwong ◽

Cecilia Y. S. Ho ◽

Vivian Y. Shin ◽

Chun Hang Au ◽

Tsun Leung Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Brca1 Gene ◽

Pathogenic Mutation ◽

Compound Heterozygous ◽

Strong Family History ◽

Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽

Pathogenic Mutations ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

The germline carrier of the BRCA1 pathogenic mutation has been well proven to confer an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Despite BRCA1 biallelic pathogenic mutations being extremely rare, they have been reported to be embryonically lethal or to cause Fanconi anemia (FA). Here we describe a patient who was a 48-year-old female identified with biallelic pathogenic mutations of the BRCA1 gene, with no or very subtle FA-features. She was diagnosed with ovarian cancer and breast cancer at the ages of 43 and 44 and had a strong family history of breast and gynecological cancers.

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Case series: Breast and ovarian cancer syndrome

10.1055/s-0039-1685348 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Brca Mutation ◽

Family Members ◽

Case Series ◽

Second Primary ◽

Time Interval ◽

Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽

Ovarian Carcinomas ◽

Increased Risk

Aims and Objectives: To report a series of cases with breast and ovarian carcinomas either in same patient or in a family and identifying the importance of BRCA 1,2 genetic testing in such individuals. Materials and Methods: The medical records of breast and ovarian cancer patients operated over past 3 years at a single institute were reviewed retrospectively and their clinical profile, family history, final pathological reports and follow up data was collected. Results: 8 patients were found to have breast and ovarian malignancies, out of which 3 had synchronous breast and ovarian cancers, 4 had metachronous and 1 patient with ovarian cancer had history of breast cancer in family. Median age of presentation to the hospital was 47 years and median time interval in metachronous disease patients was 5.5 years. Conclusion: About 5% of people who have breast cancer and about 10% of women who have ovarian cancer have HBOC, caused by germline mutation in BRCA1, 2 gene. These individuals have increased risk of developing breast cancer at younger age, TNBC, or developing a second primary in breast or ovary plus an overall risk of breast/ovarian/prostate/pancreatic malignancies in other family members due to inheritable mutation. Identification of BRCA mutation in such individuals can help family members to undergo genetic counseling and follow different screening and prevention guidelines from general population thus reducing the cancer risks.

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The association between XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 34 case–control studies

BMC Medical Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12920-021-00965-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Weiqing Liu ◽

Shumin Ma ◽

Lei Liang ◽

Zhiyong Kou ◽

Hongbin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Large Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background Studies on the XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism show that this polymorphism is involved in a variety of cancers, but its specific relationships or effects are not consistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between rs1799794 polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for eligible studies through June 11, 2019. All analyses were performed with Stata 14.0. Subgroup analyses were performed by cancer type, ethnicity, source of control, and detection method. A total of 37 studies with 23,537 cases and 30,649 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Results XRCC3 rs1799794 increased cancer risk in the dominant model and heterozygous model (GG + AG vs. AA: odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.08, P = 0.051; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01, P = 0.015). The existence of rs1799794 increased the risk of breast cancer and thyroid cancer, but reduced the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition, rs1799794 increased the risk of cancer in the Caucasian population. Conclusion This meta-analysis confirms that XRCC3 rs1799794 is related to cancer risk, especially increased risk for breast cancer and thyroid cancer and reduced risk for ovarian cancer. However, well-designed large-scale studies are required to further evaluate the results.

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The risk of breast, cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer in oral contraceptive users

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1010657v ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (9-10) ◽

pp. 657-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Milena Veljkovic ◽

Slavimir Veljkovic

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Young Women ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Oral Contraceptive Use ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction. Oral contraceptives, mainly combined monophasic pills, are widely used by young women who expect their physicians to prescribe them safe drugs which will not harm their health and which will simplify their life. Numerous epidemiologic studies have been performed to determine the relation between oral contraceptive use and the development of neoplasms. Breast cancer. An increased incidence of breast cancer has occurred simultaneously with the growing use of oral contraceptives. The possibility of a link between the oral contraceptive use and breast cancer has led to intensive research, but studies have provided inconsistent results causing confusion among clinicians. It was noticed that the risk of breast cancer was slightly elevated in current and recent young oral contraceptives users. That finding could be influenced by a detection bias or could be due to the biologic effect of the pills. The absolute number of additional breast cancer cases will be very small because of low baseline incidence of the disease in young women. Oral contraceptives probably promote growth of the already existing cancer, they are probably promoters not initiators of breast cancer. The available data do not provide a conclusive answer that is need. Cervical cancer. Numerous factors may influence the development of cervical cancer. The evidence suggests that current and recent oral contraceptive users have an increased risk of cervical cancer which decline after discontinuation of the application of medication. Oral contraceptives might increase the biological vulnerability of the cervix. Cervical cancer develops slowly over a long time period and can be effectively prevented by periodic cervical screening. Fortunately, oral contraceptives do not mask abnormal cervical citology. Conclusions regarding invasive cervical cancer and oral contraceptive use are not definitive but if there is any increased risk, it is low. Endometrial cancer. In oral contraceptive users the endometrium is almost under the influence of progestin component which suppresses endometrial mitotic activity and its proliferation. Most epidemiologic studies show that oral contraceptives reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and that this protective effect exists many years after the discontinuation of medication. Ovarian cancer. It has been long known that the oral contraceptive use causes protective an ovulation and reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. This powerful reduction is the best demonstrated major benefit of oral contraception. This protection is especially observed in nulliparous and seems to persist for many years after the discontinuation of medication.

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Prognostic Relevance of Celiac Lymph Node Involvement in Ovarian Cancer

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0000000000000041 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alejandra Martínez ◽

Cristophe Pomel ◽

Thomas Filleron ◽

Marjolein De Cuypere ◽

Eliane Mery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Oncologic Outcome ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Short Term ◽

Free Survival ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to report on the oncologic outcome of the disease spread to celiac lymph nodes (CLNs) in advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients.MethodsAll patients who had CLN resection as part of their cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian, fallopian, or primary peritoneal cancer were identified. Patient demographic data with particular emphasis on operative records to detail the extent and distribution of the disease spread, lymphadenectomy procedures, pathologic data, and follow-up data were included.ResultsThe median follow-up was 26.3 months. The median overall survival values in the group with positive CLNs and in the group with negative CLNs were 26.9 months and 40.04 months, respectively. The median progression-free survival values in the group with metastatic CLNs and in the group with negative CLNs were 8.8 months and 20.24 months, respectively (P = 0.053). Positive CLNs were associated with progression during or within 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy (P = 0.0044). Tumor burden and extensive disease distribution were significantly associated with poor progression-free survival, short-term progression, and overall survival. In multivariate analysis, only the CLN status was independently associated with short-term progression.ConclusionsDisease in the CLN is a marker of disease severity, which is associated to a high-risk group of patients with presumed adverse tumor biology, increased risk of lymph node progression, and worst oncologic outcome.

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Risk of primary gastrointestinal cancers following incident non-metastatic breast cancer: a Danish population-based cohort study

BMJ Open Gastroenterology ◽

10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000413

Author(s):

Kasper Adelborg ◽

Dóra Körmendiné Farkas ◽

Jens Sundbøll ◽

Lidia Schapira ◽

Suzanne Tamang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Stomach Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Population Based ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectiveWe examined the risk of primary gastrointestinal cancers in women with breast cancer and compared this risk with that of the general population.DesignUsing population-based Danish registries, we conducted a cohort study of women with incident non-metastatic breast cancer (1990–2017). We computed cumulative cancer incidences and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs).ResultsAmong 84 972 patients with breast cancer, we observed 2340 gastrointestinal cancers. After 20 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of gastrointestinal cancers was 4%, driven mainly by colon cancers. Only risk of stomach cancer was continually increased beyond 1 year following breast cancer. The SIR for colon cancer was neutral during 2–5 years of follow-up and approximately 1.2-fold increased thereafter. For cancer of the oesophagus, the SIR was increased only during 6–10 years. There was a weak association with pancreas cancer beyond 10 years. Between 1990–2006 and 2007–2017, the 1–10 years SIR estimate decreased and reached unity for upper gastrointestinal cancers (oesophagus, stomach, and small intestine). For lower gastrointestinal cancers (colon, rectum, and anal canal), the SIR estimate was increased only after 2007. No temporal effects were observed for the remaining gastrointestinal cancers. Treatment effects were negligible.ConclusionBreast cancer survivors were at increased risk of oesophagus and stomach cancer, but only before 2007. The risk of colon cancer was increased, but only after 2007.

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Role of biomarkers in predicting the occurrence of thyroid neoplasms in radiation-exposed children

Endocrine Related Cancer ◽

10.1530/erc-17-0408 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 481-491

Author(s):

Joseph M Shulan ◽

Leonid Vydro ◽

Arthur B Schneider ◽

Dan V Mihailescu

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Thyroid Neoplasms ◽

Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Need To Evaluate

With increasing numbers of childhood cancer survivors who were treated with radiation, there is a need to evaluate potential biomarkers that could signal an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer. We aimed to examine the relationships between thyrotropin and thyroglobulin levels and the risk of developing thyroid nodules and cancer in a cohort of radiation-exposed children. 764 subjects who were irradiated in the neck area as children were examined and followed for up to 25 years. All subjects underwent a clinical examination, measurements of thyrotropin, thyroglobulin levels and thyroid imaging. At baseline, 216 subjects had thyroid nodules and 548 did not. Of those with nodules, 176 underwent surgery with 55 confirmed thyroid cancers. During the follow-up, 147 subjects developed thyroid nodules including 22 with thyroid cancer. Thyroglobulin levels were higher in subjects with prevalent thyroid nodules (26.1 ng/mL vs 9.37 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and in those who had an initial normal examination but later developed thyroid nodules (11.2 ng/mL vs 8.87 ng/mL; P = 0.017). There was no relationship between baseline thyrotropin levels and the prevalent presence or absence of thyroid nodules, whether a prevalent neoplasm was benign or malignant, subsequent development of thyroid nodules during follow-up or whether an incident nodule was benign or malignant. In conclusion, in radiation-exposed children, higher thyroglobulin levels indicated an increased risk of developing thyroid nodules but did not differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms. There was no association between the baseline TSH level and the risk of developing thyroid nodules or cancer.

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THE RISK OF DEVELOPING GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER IN WOMEN AFTER AN IN VITRO FERTILIZATION PROGRAM

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-9-7-13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

Allakhyarov D.Z. ◽

Petrov Yu.A. ◽

Palieva N.V.

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

The Body ◽

Fertilization Program ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Increased Risk

This article presents reviews of literature sources on the issue of assessing the risk of developing gynecological cancer in women after an in vitro fertilization program. Infertility and infertile marriages have now become quite a big problem of modern medicine. Against the background of the unfavorable demographic situation in the Russian Federation, this problem is becoming quite urgent. The main way to solve this situation is assisted reproductive technologies, among which the most common is in vitro fertilization. The in vitro fertilization program is accompanied by a hormonal ovulation stimulation procedure to obtain a female germ cell capable of fertilization. Against the background of the active use of the in vitro fertilization procedure, many patients had concerns related to the risk of developing gynecological cancer after the IVF procedure, which is due to the use of hormonal drugs to stimulate the ovaries. Also of concern is the fact that certain types of cancer, including ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and breast cancer, are hormone-dependent. In this regard, multiple large-scale studies were conducted, which showed that the risk of developing gynecological cancer is really increased in patients after the in vitro fertilization program. In particular, breast cancer in women after the in vitro fertilization program is more common by 10%, and in women without a history of pregnancy and over the age of 40, it is more common by 31%. The increased risk may be due to age-related vulnerability to the effects of hormones or higher doses of hormones during the IVF procedure. Ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer are also more common in patients after IVF. According to the research results, it is suggested that it is not the IVF procedure itself that causes the development of cancer, but excessive hormonal load of the body, which leads to the launch of carcinogenesis.

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Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Cardiac Events and Survival Outcomes Among Patients With Breast Cancer Enrolled in SWOG Clinical Trials

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.77.4414 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (26) ◽

pp. 2710-2717 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Dawn L. Hershman ◽

Cathee Till ◽

Sherry Shen ◽

Jason D. Wright ◽

Scott D. Ramsey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Survival Outcomes ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Free Survival ◽

Increased Risk

Background Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death among patients with breast cancer. However, the association of cardiovascular-disease risk factors (CVD-RFs) with long-term survival and cardiac events is not well studied. Methods We examined SWOG (formerly the Southwest Oncology Group) breast cancer trials from 1999 to 2011. We identified baseline diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary artery disease by linking trial records to Medicare claims. The primary outcome was overall survival. Patients with both baseline and follow-up claims were examined for cardiac events. Cox regression was used to assess the association between CVD-RFs and outcomes. Results We identified 1,460 participants older than 66 years of age from five trials; 842 were eligible for survival outcomes analysis. At baseline, median age was 70 years, and median follow-up was 6 years. Hypertension (73%) and hypercholesterolemia (57%) were the most prevalent conditions; 87% of patients had one or more CVD-RF. There was no association between any of the individual CVD-RFs and overall survival except for hypercholesterolemia, which was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.93; P = .01). With each additional CVD-RF, there was an increased risk of death (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.40; P = .002), worse progression-free survival (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.25; P = .05), and marginally worse cancer-free survival (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.34; P = .07). The relationship between baseline CVD-RFs and cardiac events was analyzed in 736 patients. A strong linear association between the number of CVD-RFs and cardiac event was observed (HR per CVD-RF, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.69; P < .001). Conclusion Among participants in clinical trials, each additional baseline CVD-RF was associated with an increased risk of cardiac events and death. Efforts to improve control of modifiable CVD-RFs are needed, especially among those with multiple risk factors.

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