Functional state of the liver in different clinical forms of respiratory viral and viral bacterial infections in children of early age

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
H. S. Khaertynov

The content of prealbumin, fibroncctine and urokanisasc activity are determined in 232 sick children of early age with different clinical manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections (uncomplicated forms and acute respiratory viral infections ' complicated by pneumonia). It is stated that the acute period of acute respiratory viral infections goes in the presence of a decrease the levels of prealbumin, fibronectine and an increase of urokanisase activity of blood serum. The connection between pronounced changes of the parameters studied and manifestations of the intoxication symptoms is revealed. More pronounced changes are noted in grave forms of the disease (toxicosis development) and in presence of bacterial complications (pneumonia).

Author(s):  
Е.Е. Краснова ◽  
В.В. Чемоданов ◽  
Е.Г. Кузнецова

Пневмония – острое инфекционно-воспалительное заболевание легких преимущественно бактериальной этиологии, характеризующееся выраженной в разной степени дыхательной недостаточностью, токсическими и респираторными нарушениями, локальными физикальными симптомами, а также инфильтративными изменениями на рентгенограмме. Заболеваемость внебольничными пневмониями повышается в октябре-декабре, достигая максимума в январе-апреле, коррелируя с сезонным повышением уровня острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Схожесть симптомов дебюта пневмонии с проявлениями острых респираторных вирусных инфекций может привести к несвоевременной ее диагностике и, как следствие, к отсроченному началу лечения. Поэтому в период сезонной заболеваемости респираторными инфекциями должна повышаться настороженность врачей-педиатров в отношении внебольничной пневмонии. Антибактериальная терапия оказывает решающее влияние на прогноз пневмонии, поэтому при достоверном диагнозе или у больного в тяжелом состоянии с вероятным диагнозом ее следует начать незамедлительно. Выбор антибиотика в каждом случае внебольничной пневмонии проводят индивидуально с учетом природной активности препаратов в отношении предполагаемого возбудителя и их возможной приобретенной резистентности, тяжести и течения заболевания, наличия у пациента противопоказаний к использованию тех или иных антибиотиков. В статье приводятся сведения о диагностических критериях внебольничных пневмоний. Рассмотрены вопросы антибактериального лечения типичной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разных возрастных групп амоксициллином с клавулановой кислотой и показана его эффективность. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют заключить, что пероральное использование одного курса защищенного аминопенициллина эффективно при лечении типичной внебольничной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разного возраста, о чем свидетельствует ликвидация основных клинических проявлений болезни в короткие сроки. Pneumonia is an acute infectious and inflammatory lung disease of predominantly bacterial etiology, characterized by respiratory failure, toxic and respiratory disorders, local physical symptoms, and infiltrative changes on the roentgenogram. The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia increases in October-December, reaching a maximum in January-April, correlating with the seasonal increase in the level of acute respiratory viral infections. The similarity of the symptoms of the onset of pneumonia with the manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections can lead to its untimely diagnosis and, as a consequence, to a delayed start of treatment. Therefore, during the period of seasonal morbidity with respiratory infections, the alertness of pediatricians in relation to community-acquired pneumonia should increase. Antibiotic therapy has a decisive influence on the prognosis of pneumonia, therefore, with a reliable diagnosis or in a patient in serious condition with a probable diagnosis, it should be started immediately. The choice of antibiotic in each case of community-acquired pneumonia is carried out individually, taking into account the natural activity of the drugs in relation to the alleged pathogen and their possible acquired resistance, the severity and course of the disease, the patient's contraindications to the use of certain antibiotics. The article provides information on the diagnostic criteria for community-acquired pneumonia. The issues of antibacterial treatment of typical non-severe pneumonia in children of different age groups with amoxicillin with clavulanic acid are considered and its effectiveness is shown. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the oral use of one course of protected aminopenicillin is effective in the treatment of typical community-acquired non-severe pneumonia in children of different ages, as evidenced by the elimination of the main clinical manifestations of the disease in a short time.


2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bartold ◽  
Joanna Matowicka-Karna

Neopterin is a non-specific marker of immunological response of human body of cellular type. It belongs to the chemical group known as pteridines. Neopterin has been widely associated with inter alia viral infections, bacterial infections (by intracellular living bacteria), parasitic infections, skin burns or autoimmune diseases. Neopterin is a very important parameter diagnostically not only in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment but also a reliable indicator of macrophages’ activity. Most frequently neopterin concentration is measured in body fluids like blood, serum or urine, but it may be used as an indicator in other body fluids.


1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
R. A. Urazaev ◽  
M. Yu. Yakovlev

As many as 101 patients with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) aged 3 months to 3 years are examined, of these in 51 patients the disease going with bronchoobstructive syndrome. According to the level of antiendotoxinal antibodies, plasma endotoxin and that connected by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, it is established that the acute period of acute respiratory viral infections with bronchoobstructive syndrome goes in the presence of pronounced cellularly connected endotoxinemy. The exact dependence is revealed between plasma endotoxin content and pronounced physical variations in respiratory organs in this form of the disease. Viral and bacterial nature of respiratory infections in children is confirmed by the assessment of the level of antiviral and antiendotoxinal antobodies. The data obtained allow suggesting the possible participation of endotoxin in genesis of bronchial obstruction in acute respiratory viral infections.


Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Lozhkov ◽  
Sergey A. Klotchenko ◽  
Edward S. Ramsay ◽  
Herman D. Moshkoff ◽  
Dmitry A. Moshkoff ◽  
...  

Interferons (IFN) are crucial for the innate immune response. Slightly more than two decades ago, a new type of IFN was discovered: the lambda IFN (type III IFN). Like other IFN, the type III IFN display antiviral activity against a wide variety of infections, they induce expression of antiviral, interferon-stimulated genes (MX1, OAS, IFITM1), and they have immuno-modulatory activities that shape adaptive immune responses. Unlike other IFN, the type III IFN signal through distinct receptors is limited to a few cell types, primarily mucosal epithelial cells. As a consequence of their greater and more durable production in nasal and respiratory tissues, they can determine the outcome of respiratory infections. This review is focused on the role of IFN-λ in the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, with influenza as a prime example. The influenza virus is a major public health problem, causing up to half a million lethal infections annually. Moreover, the virus has been the cause of four pandemics over the last century. Although IFN-λ are increasingly being tested in antiviral therapy, they can have a negative influence on epithelial tissue recovery and increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections. Therefore, IFN-λ expression deserves increased scrutiny as a key factor in the host immune response to infection.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin L Deal ◽  
Timothy J Thauland ◽  
Rebecca Signer ◽  
Stanley F Nelson ◽  
Hane Lee ◽  
...  

Viral respiratory infections are the most common childhood infection worldwide. However, even common pathogens can have significant consequences in the context of patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. More than half or viral infections annually are due to rhinovirus/enterovirus strains. Most clinical manifestations of viral infection are mild. However 3% of cases result in hospitalization in patients who have no other known risk factors. These patients may have an inborn error of immunity, a genetic susceptibility to viral infections. Here we present the case of an adult male who suffered respiratory viral infections his whole life and developed chronic, inflammatory damage to sinuses and lungs as a consequence. Genomic sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in the IFIH1 gene, encoding the protein Melanoma Differentiation Association Protein 5 (MDA5), a RIG-I-like cytoplasmic sensor of RNA intracellular infections. We show a dominant negative effect on these variants on the level of interferon-induced expression of MDA5 protein. This work supports that loss-of-function variants in IFIH1 affect the sensing of viral infections. Underlying genomic variants may dictate the point at which recurrent, respiratory viral infections leave commonplace experience and incur lasting damage.


Author(s):  
A. A. Shuldyakov ◽  
E. P. Lyapina ◽  
V. K. Polyakov ◽  
Yu. B. Barylnik ◽  
O. B. Lisko ◽  
...  

The article justifies the use of interferon inducers in a clinical practice of pediatrician. The authors isolated a group of derivatives of acridone acetic acid, which effectiveness is associated with the features of pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity. They demonstrated preventive and therapeutic efficacy of cycloferon in the complex treatment of children with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, herpes virus, arbovirus, rotavirus infections, viral hepatitis and tick-borne encephalitis due to its immunomodulatory potency. The article analyzed the use of cycloferon in frequently sick children, patients with allergic diseases, chronic tonsillitis, etc.; also it showed a decrease in the frequency of relapses of both infectious and allergic diseases, the possibility of combined use with other etiotropic and symptomatic drugs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06047
Author(s):  
E.V. Maksimova ◽  
E.S. Klimova ◽  
E.A. Merzlyakova ◽  
L.L. Maksimov

Of the acute respiratory viral infections in the farms of the Udmurt Republic, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial infection, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea are the most common. For the prevention of these cattle diseases, the inactivated combined vaccine Kombovak and Kombovak R. is used. Despite the widespread use of this vaccine, there is an ambiguous situation in the farms of UR and the percentage of ARVI incidence is extremely variable. Along with general economic factors, this can be explained using different schemes for the use of the vaccine. The work was carried out in the conditions of an industrial livestock complex located in the Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic. During the period of the work, 1,383 heads of cattle vaccinated with the Kombovak-R vaccine were monitored. Laboratory tests were carried out in the BI UR "Udmurt Veterinary Diagnostic Center" in the city of Izhevsk and LLC "Independent Veterinary Laboratory "Chance-Bio" in the city of Moscow. Determination of immunity intensity and retrospective serological diagnosis of ARVI was carried out by examining paired blood serum samples. Blood serum samples were taken from clinically healthy cows at the 6th month of pregnancy, i.e. at the end of the inter-vaccination period, as well as from unvaccinated calves with a live weight of 50-55 kg at the age of 17-18 days and after 21 days, respectively. When studying the preservation of post-vaccination immunity in cows, it was found that only two out of five studied animals have a protective level of antibodies to acute respiratory viral infections by the end of the inter-vaccination period. Serological screening of calves showed that antibodies to the pathogens of IRT, VD, RSI and PI-3 were determined in all samples. nevertheless, the titers of antibodies to ARVI pathogens differed significantly.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Irina E. Moiseeva

Acute respiratory viral infections in children lead in the structure of child morbidity. The defeat of the upper respiratory tract accompanied by fever and impaired general condition, the main symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections. Diagnosis of most acute respiratory viral infections is based on the assessment of clinical manifestations and does not require the use of specific laboratory and instrumental methods. Modern approaches to treatment are timely and adequate symptomatic therapy.


Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2146
Author(s):  
Roni Bitterman ◽  
Deepali Kumar

Solid organ transplantation is often lifesaving, but does carry an increased risk of infection. Respiratory viral infections are one of the most prevalent infections, and are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality, especially among lung transplant recipients. There is also data to suggest an association with acute rejection and chronic lung allograft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. Respiratory viral infections can appear at any time post-transplant and are usually acquired in the community. All respiratory viral infections share similar clinical manifestations and are all currently diagnosed using nucleic acid testing. Influenza has good treatment options and prevention strategies, although these are hampered by resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors and lower vaccine immunogenicity in the transplant population. Other respiratory viruses, unfortunately, have limited treatments and preventive methods. This review summarizes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, therapies and preventive measures for clinically significant RNA and DNA respiratory viruses, with the exception of SARS-CoV-2. This area is fast evolving and hopefully the coming decades will bring us new antivirals, immunologic treatments and vaccines.


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