scholarly journals To the doctrine of keratodermia palmaris et plantaris symmetrica (Besnier)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-146
Author(s):  
N. N. Yasnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cornu Cutaneum

Skin diseases characterized by anomalies of keratinization in the sense of hypertrophy of the stratum corneum were named by Lebert in 1864 keratosis (keratosis circumscripta et keratosis diffusa). Hebra in his textbook on skin diseases distinguishes between the following two forms: keratosis without simultaneous participation in the process of skin papillae (callositas, clavus, cornu cutaneum) and keratosis, accompanied by more or less pronounced resolution of the papillary layer (verruca, ichthyosis).

scholarly journals Skin Characterizations by Using Contact Capacitive Imaging and High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging with Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8714
Author(s):  
Elena Chirikhina ◽  
Andrey Chirikhin ◽  
Sabina Dewsbury-Ennis ◽  
Francesco Bianconi ◽  
Perry Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Body Parts

We present our latest research on skin characterizations by using Contact Capacitive Imaging and High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging with Machine Learning algorithms. Contact Capacitive Imaging is a novel imaging technology based on the dielectric constant measurement principle, with which we have studied the skin water content of different skin sites and performed image classification by using pre-trained Deep Learning Neural Networks through Transfer Learning. The results show lips and nose have the lowest water content, whilst cheek, eye corner and under-eye have the highest water content. The classification yields up to 83.8% accuracy. High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging is a state-of-the-art ultrasound technology, and can produce high-resolution images of the skin and superficial soft tissue to a vertical resolution of about 40 microns, with which we have studied the thickness of different skin layers, such as stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis, around different locations on the face and around different body parts. The results show the chin has the highest stratum corneum thickness, and the arm has the lowest stratum corneum thickness. We have also developed two feature-based image classification methods which yield promising results. The outcomes of this study could provide valuable guidelines for cosmetic/medical research, and methods developed in this study can also be extended for studying damaged skin or skin diseases. The combination of Contact Capacitive Imaging and High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging could be a powerful tool for skin studies.

scholarly journals Detection of Antimicrobial Peptides in Stratum Corneum by Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4233
Author(s):  
Adrienn Jenei ◽  
Gergő Kalló ◽  
Zsolt Dajnoki ◽  
Krisztián Gáspár ◽  
Andrea Szegedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Tape Stripping ◽  
Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Parallel Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Immunomodulatory Peptides

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides (AMPs) are considered as the key players in the maintenance of skin barrier functions. Here, we developed a novel approach for the examination of AMPs in the outermost layer of the epidermis, namely stratum corneum (SC). The SC sample collection by tape stripping was coupled with detection by highly specific and sensitive parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based mass spectrometry. We found that hexane-free processing of SC samples produced higher protein yield compared to hexane-based extraction. Of the 18 investigated peptides, 9 could be detected either in healthy or in inflamed skin specimens. Regarding the amount of S100A8, LCN2, LACRT and LYZ significant topographical differences were described among gland poor (GP), sebaceous gland rich (SGR) and apocrine gland rich (AGR) healthy skin regions. We applied a minimally invasive, reproducible approach for sampling, which can be assessed for research and diagnostic purposes and for monitoring the effectiveness of therapies in skin diseases.

scholarly journals Differences in the stratum corneum of Indonesian infants and adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Fujimura ◽  
Kyoko Shima ◽  
Yuki Miyauchi ◽  
Mitsuyuki Hotta ◽  
Hiroshi Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Term Infants

Background Although understanding the stratum corneum (SC) of infant skin is important to avoid skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, there has been no such investigation in Indonesian infants to date.Objective  To obtain a basic knowledge of SC characteristics in Indonesian infants in order to develop methods for infant-specific skin care and to prevent dermatitis and infection.Methods Seventy-two healthy, full term infants aged 1 to 24 months who were native Indonesians residing in Jakarta were enrolled in this study. Some of the mothers were also enrolled in the study as adults (n=30). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration of the SC (capacitance) on the thigh, buttock, and upper arm were measured after sufficient acclimation in an air-conditioned room, in both infants and mothers. Results The SC hydration was significantly higher in infants than adults at all sites measured, including the buttocks, which is a diaper area. Infant TEWL values were also significantly higher than in adults at all sites. Hydration of the SC and TEWL values showed no significant correlation with age of infant for any site. The SC hydration and TEWL values of Indonesian infants did not decrease to adult values within 24 months, which indicates that the SC characteristics in infants continue to develop after 24 months of age.Conclusion  Indonesian infants aged 0-24 months have significantly higher SC hydration and TEWL values than Indonesian mothers. However, infant age has no correlation to SC hydration or to TEWL values.

scholarly journals Automated segmentation of skin strata in reflectance confocal microscopy depth stacks

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Hames ◽  
Marco Ardigò ◽  
H. Peter Soyer ◽  
Andrew P. Bradley ◽  
Tarl W. Prow
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Papillary Dermis ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Viable Epidermis ◽  
En Face

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a powerful tool for in-vivo examination of a variety of skin diseases. However, current use of RCM depends on qualitative examination by a human expert to look for specific features in the different strata of the skin. Developing approaches to quantify features in RCM imagery requires an automated understanding of what anatomical strata is present in a given en-face section. This work presents an automated approach using a bag of features approach to represent en-face sections and a logistic regression classifier to classify sections into one of four classes (stratum corneum, viable epidermis, dermal-epidermal junction and papillary dermis). This approach was developed and tested using a dataset of 308 depth stacks from 54 volunteers in two age groups (20-30 and 50-70 years of age). The classification accuracy on the test set was 85.6%. The mean absolute error in determining the interface depth for each of the stratum corneum/viable epidermis, viable epidermis/dermal-epidermal junction and dermal-epidermal junction/papillary dermis interfaces were 3.1 μm, 6.0 μm and 5.5 μm respectively. The probabilities predicted by the classifier in the test set showed that the classifier learned an effective model of the anatomy of human skin.

scholarly journals Nanodelivery Strategies for Skin Diseases with Barrier Impairment: Focusing on Ceramides and Glucocorticoids

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Cíntia Almeida ◽  
Patrícia Filipe ◽  
Catarina Rosado ◽  
Catarina Pereira-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Water Holding

The human epidermis has a characteristic lipidic composition in the stratum corneum, where ceramides play a crucial role in the skin barrier homeostasis and in water-holding capacity. Several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, exhibit a dysfunction in the lipid barrier with altered ceramide levels and increased loss of transepidermal water. Glucocorticoids are normally employed in the therapeutical management of these pathologies. However, they have shown a poor safety profile and reduced treatment efficiency. The main objective of this review is to, within the framework of the limitations of the currently available therapeutical approaches, establish the relevance of nanocarriers as a safe and efficient delivery strategy for glucocorticoids and ceramides in the topical treatment of skin disorders with barrier impairment.

scholarly journals Cytokine concentration across the stratum corneum in atopic dermatitis and healthy controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja-Lisa Clausen ◽  
S. Kezic ◽  
C. M. Olesen ◽  
T. Agner
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Tape Stripping ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Healthy Control

AbstractTape stripping is a promising technique for assessment of epidermal biomarkers in inflammatory skin diseases. However, to facilitate its implementation in the clinical practice, a thorough validation regarding sampling strategy is needed. Knowledge of biomarkers variation in concentration across stratum corneum is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variability of cytokines across stratum corneum using tape stripping technique by consecutive application of 21 adhesive tapes (D-squame) to lesional and non-lesional skin from 15 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 16 healthy controls. Concentration of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1b, IL-5, IL-18, IFN-γ, CCL17, CCL22, CCL27, CXCL8, CXCL10, TNF-α, TSLP, VEGFA) was determined in five different depths, using multiplex immunoassay. Comparing tape 4 with tape 21, no cytokine changed significantly in concentration in AD lesional skin. In AD non-lesional skin a small decrease was found for CCL17, CXCL8 and CXCL10. For healthy controls, a decrease was found for IL-1a, IL-1b, VEGFA and an increase for IL-18. Differences were found between AD skin and healthy control skin. Concentration of cytokines was stable across stratum corneum, indicating that sampling of only one tape from the stratum corneum is reliable in reflecting the overall cytokine milieu. Differences between AD and healthy skin confirm robustness of tape stripping for measuring cytokine levels.

scholarly journals Ex Vivo and In Vivo Assessment of the Penetration of Topically Applied Anthocyanins Utilizing ATR-FTIR/PLS Regression Models and HPLC-PDA-MS

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Westfall ◽  
Gregory T. Sigurdson ◽  
Luis E. Rodriguez-Saona ◽  
M. Mónica Giusti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pls Regression ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Red Radish

Anthocyanins are natural colorants with antioxidant properties, shown to inhibit photoaging reactions and reduce symptoms of some skin diseases. However, little is known about their penetration through the stratum corneum, a prerequisite for bioactivity. The aim was to investigate anthocyanin penetration from lipophilic cosmetic formulations through the skin using a porcine ear model and human volunteers. ATR-FTIR/PLS regression and HPLC-PDA-MS were used to analyze anthocyanin permeation through the stratum corneum. Penetration of all anthocyanins was evident and correlated with molecular weight and hydrophilicity. Lower-molecular-weight (MW) anthocyanins from elderberry (449–581 Da) were more permeable within the skin in both ex vivo and in vivo models (Kp = 2.3–2.4 × 10−4 cm h−1) than the larger anthocyanins (933-1019 Da) from red radish (Kp = 2.0–2.1 × 10−4 cm h−1). Elderberry and red radish anthocyanins were found at all levels of the stratum corneum and at depths for activity as bioactive ingredients for skin health.

scholarly journals Skin Diseases Associated with the Depletion of Stratum Corneum Lipids and Stratum Corneum Lipid Substitution Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitsum F. Sahle ◽  
Tsige Gebre-Mariam ◽  
Bodo Dobner ◽  
Johannes Wohlrab ◽  
Reinhard H.H. Neubert
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Stratum Corneum Lipid ◽  
Stratum Corneum Lipids
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