scholarly journals Ideas of V.Z. Golubev - freelance university lecturer of the Kazan Emperor’s university - in modern studies of renal microcirculation

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
O A Kaplunova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Capillary Networks ◽  
Renal Microcirculation ◽  
Vasorenal Hypertension

In 1894 V.Z. Golubev, freelance university lecturer of the Kazan Emperor’s University, presented his thesis «Of the renal blood vessels in mammals and humans». In this work, V.Z. Golubev described the structure of two capillary networks of the renal cortex: glomerular and peritubular. He has identified true straight arterioles, false straight arterioles and direct venules of pyramids as parts of the renal medulla direct vessels. V.Z. Golubev described glomerular capillaries, located along the arcuate arteries of the kidney in the boundary layer and assigned these to the perivascular circulation, as well as noted the important role of the true direct arteriolar blood circulation to the kidneys. According to scientific researches of the second half of the XX century, the structure of the renal circulatory system is subordinated to differentiated renal blood flow in the cortex and medulla, and this is achieved by cortical and juxtamedullary blood flow. Significant increase and the duration of juxtaglomerular bypass cause severe circulatory disorders of the surface layers of kidney cortex and acute renal failure. Modern data on renal blood circulation prepared by researches of V.Z. Golubev, explain the development mechanism of various pathological conditions: acute blood loss, hydronephrosis, vasorenal hypertension, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cardiogenic shock, cardiorenal syndrome in uncontrolled coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, sudden cardiac death etc. V.Z. Golubev created a scientific basis for further studies of renal microcirculation. The principles, outlined in his thesis, anticipated later researches of renal juxtamedullary circulation and renal circulation in healthy people and in case of a disease. The thesis of V.Z. Golubev, published 120 years ago, is still of present interest and highlights the problems requiring further research.

scholarly journals Contractile pericytes determine the direction of blood flow at capillary junctions

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (43) ◽  
pp. 27022-27033
Author(s):  
Albert L. Gonzales ◽  
Nicholas R. Klug ◽  
Arash Moshkforoush ◽  
Jane C. Lee ◽  
Frank K. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Capillary Network ◽  
Transitional Region ◽  
Capillary Networks ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
The Brain

The essential function of the circulatory system is to continuously and efficiently supply the O2 and nutrients necessary to meet the metabolic demands of every cell in the body, a function in which vast capillary networks play a key role. Capillary networks serve an additional important function in the central nervous system: acting as a sensory network, they detect neuronal activity in the form of elevated extracellular K+ and initiate a retrograde, propagating, hyperpolarizing signal that dilates upstream arterioles to rapidly increase local blood flow. Yet, little is known about how blood entering this network is distributed on a branch-to-branch basis to reach specific neurons in need. Here, we demonstrate that capillary-enwrapping projections of junctional, contractile pericytes within a postarteriole transitional region differentially constrict to structurally and dynamically determine the morphology of capillary junctions and thereby regulate branch-specific blood flow. We further found that these contractile pericytes are capable of receiving propagating K+-induced hyperpolarizing signals propagating through the capillary network and dynamically channeling red blood cells toward the initiating signal. By controlling blood flow at junctions, contractile pericytes within a functionally distinct postarteriole transitional region maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of the capillary network, enabling optimal perfusion of the brain.

Circulation in the Leech, Hirudo Medicinalis L

1988 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN-PETER HILDEBRANDT
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Dorsal Vessel ◽  
Capillary Networks ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Intravascular Pressure

In the leech, the physiological significance of high-pressure phases (HIP) and lowpressure phases (LOP) of the lateral vessels was studied by intravascular pressure recordings and observation of blood flow in different parts of the circulatory system, and by measurements of the blood flow velocities in the dorsal vessel. Different shapes of the pressure pulses were found in the anterior lateral vessel segments during HIP and LOP phases, according to the different modes of diastolic filling in both phases. Pressure recordings in the lateral abdominal vessels showed the different action of the lateral abdominal sphincters in the HIP and LOP phases of the ipsilateral lateral vessel. The LOP contractions were responsible for the blood supply to the capillary networks of the organs and the body wall, with the possible exception of the intestine. The HIP contractions caused a forward bloodflow within the lateral vessel. In the dorsal vessel, the blood pressure was about 0.9-1.9kPa in different animals. The blood flow was discontinuous with velocities of 0.5-10 mms−1. Average blood flow in the dorsal vessel was 22.9μl min−1. An improved model of the circulation in the leech is presented.

Bestimmung des zerebralen Blutflusses mittels des 81 Rb/81 mKr-Generatorsystems

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bialy ◽  
F.-J. Hans ◽  
E. Oberhausen ◽  
W.J. Peters ◽  
M. Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Brain Arteries ◽  
Sufficient Concentration ◽  
Static Quantity

A method is being developed which not only measures cerebral blood flow as a static quantity but also its changes with time. For that purpose a semiconductor device ascertains the proportion of intracerebral81 Rb and 81mKr activities. By opening the haemato-encephalic barrier in animal experiments a sufficient concentration of intracerebral81 Rb could be attained and the modified blood circulation after step-wise ligature of all brain arteries brought into relation to the corresponding Rb/Kr quotient. Over the range from undisturbed to completely interrupted cerebral blood flow this quotient varied up to 25% of its initial value.

WHAT IS KIMMERLE ANOMALY AND HOW DOES IT INFLUENCE BLOOD CIRCULATION IN THE VERTEBROBASILARY AREA(REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Elvira Yanova ◽  
◽  
Gulshod Mardiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Review Of Literature

As is well known,bone,and arterial, abnormalityora combination of both, may cause adecrease in cerebral blood flow, which in turn leads to early morbidity and loss of efficiency. Many scientists are wondering if the Kimmer leanomalya rises with age, is it ananomalya tall, or is it a kind of defense mechanism

A model of a human heart via graph nano topological spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf S. Nawar ◽  
Abd El Fattah A. El Atik
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Neighborhood System

In this paper, new forms of nano topological spaces through a neighborhood system of vertices for a digraph will be presented and studied. We apply the connection between digraph theory and nano topological spaces in the human heart as an example in real life. We have a blood flow system in the human heart with respect to oxygenated and deoxygenated blood circulation. Our study will be definitely helpful to develop a tool in solving the blood flow system in the human heart. Finally, we have succeeded in improving Proposition 1.6 in [7] and Proposition 4.4.1 in [11].

Role of renal medullary adenosine in the control of blood flow and sodium excretion

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. R790-R798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ping Zou ◽  
Kasem Nithipatikom ◽  
Pin-Lan Li ◽  
Allen W. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Medullary Blood Flow ◽  
Adenosine Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Infusion

This study determined the levels of adenosine in the renal medullary interstitium using microdialysis and fluorescence HPLC techniques and examined the role of endogenous adenosine in the control of medullary blood flow and sodium excretion by infusing the specific adenosine receptor antagonists or agonists into the renal medulla of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal cortical and medullary blood flows were measured using laser-Doppler flowmetry. Analysis of microdialyzed samples showed that the adenosine concentration in the renal medullary interstitial dialysate averaged 212 ± 5.2 nM, which was significantly higher than 55.6 ± 5.3 nM in the renal cortex ( n = 9). Renal medullary interstitial infusion of a selective A1antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 300 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, n = 8), did not alter renal blood flows, but increased urine flow by 37% and sodium excretion by 42%. In contrast, renal medullary infusion of the selective A2 receptor blocker 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX; 150 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, n = 9) decreased outer medullary blood flow (OMBF) by 28%, inner medullary blood flows (IMBF) by 21%, and sodium excretion by 35%. Renal medullary interstitial infusion of adenosine produced a dose-dependent increase in OMBF, IMBF, urine flow, and sodium excretion at doses from 3 to 300 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1( n = 7). These effects of adenosine were markedly attenuated by the pretreatment of DMPX, but unaltered by DPCPX. Infusion of a selective A3receptor agonist, N 6-benzyl-5′-( N-ethylcarbonxamido)adenosine (300 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, n = 6) into the renal medulla had no effect on medullary blood flows or renal function. Glomerular filtration rate and arterial pressure were not changed by medullary infusion of any drugs. Our results indicate that endogenous medullary adenosine at physiological concentrations serves to dilate medullary vessels via A2 receptors, resulting in a natriuretic response that overrides the tubular A1 receptor-mediated antinatriuretic effects.

Abstract 101: Tissue-specific Deletion of Collectrin in the Proximal Tubular Epithelium Increases Arterial Pressure and Augments Salt-sensitivity

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Cechova ◽  
Pei-Lun Chu ◽  
Joseph C Gigliotti ◽  
Fan Chan ◽  
Thu H Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Proximal Tubular

Background: Collectrin ( Tmem27 ) is a key regulator of blood pressure (BP) and modulator of the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide. It is highly expressed in the kidney in the proximal tubule (PT), collecting duct, and throughout the vascular endothelium. We reported that collectrin plays a critical role as a chaperone for the reabsorption of all amino acids (AAs) in the PT, and for the uptake of the cationic AA L-arginine (L-Arg) in endothelial cells. Global collectrin knockout ( Tmem27 Y/- ) mice display baseline hypertension (HTN), augmented salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH), and decreased renal blood flow. Objective and Methods: To determine the PT-specific effect of collectrin on BP homeostasis and salt sensitivity, we used the Cre -loxP approach and PEPCK-Cre to generate a mouse line lacking collectrin specifically in the PT-- PEPCK-Cre + Tmem27 Y/Flox mice. PEPCK-Cre - Tmem27 Y/Flox mice were used as control. Radiotelemetry was used to measure BP for 2 weeks at baseline and 2 weeks on high salt diet (HSD). Renal blood flow at baseline and on HSD was measured using contrast enhanced ultrasound in the same mice. Results: Successful deletion of collectrin in the PT was confirmed by assessing mRNA levels using real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining of renal tissues using anti-collectrin antibody, and quantitation of protein from kidney cortex by Western analysis. Compared to control PEPCK-Cre - Tmem27 Y/Flox mice (n=6), PEPCK-Cre + Tmem27 Y/Flox mice (n=6) displayed significantly higher systolic BP (SBP) at baseline (120.0 ± 2.5 vs 131.6 ± 2.9 mm Hg; p = 0.014) and after HSD (135.3 ± 2.6 vs 151.5 ± 5.2 mm Hg; p = 0.019). Renal blood flow was not different between groups, at baseline nor after HSD. Conclusion: Collectrin in the PT plays an important role in blood pressure homeostasis and response to sodium intake, independent of renal blood flow. Increasing proximal tubular collectrin activity may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hypertension and salt-sensitivity.

FEATURES OF CAPILLARY BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGY OF INTRANASAL STRUCTURES AND NASAL BREATHING DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
N. O. Shushliapina ◽  
O. Ye. Cherniakova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
The State ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Capillary Circulation

The investigation of the vascular microcirculation system is important for diagnosis, assessment of the severity and nature of pathological processes in human body, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. Monitoring the state of microcirculation in impaired respiratory function of the nose helps to study the subtle mechanisms of regulation of vascular−tissue relations. To do this, there were used the biomicroscopic methods to study capillary blood flow, one of the most relevant and promising is optical capillaroscopy of the nail bed. This method makes it possible to identify at the evidence level the peculiarities of the functioning of the peripheral circulatory system by the state of the capillary system and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment by the rheological properties of blood in hematological practice. There were examined 145 patients by means of computer capillaroscopy to study the rate of capillary circulation in the patients with pathology of intranasal structures and nasal breathing disorders. All patients underwent a complete clinical examination, routine instrumental examinations, and computer capillaroscopy using a video capillaroscope with a visual magnification of up to 550 times. The obtained images were stored and processed according to a special software. During the characterization of the capillaroscopic picture there were evaluated: pathological tortuosity, change in the caliber of arterioles and venules, disorganization of the capillary network, the number of functioning capillaries. Changes in the speed and nature of capillary blood flow (accelerated, slow, stasis) were observed. The optical capillaroscopy method allows not only to visually assess the condition of microvessels, but also to determine such an important parameter as blood circulation, actually, it can replace the study of laser Doppler. Such data will be important in the diagnosis of respiratory and olfactory disorders and the formation of adequate tactics for their treatment. Key words: microcirculation, microcirculatory tract, capillary circulation, nasal obstruction, nasal breathing disorders, pathology of intranasal structures, computer capillaroscopy.

scholarly journals Hemorrhoids in pregnant and postpartum women: principles of therapy

2016 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
N. A. Lomova ◽  
N. V. Dubrovina ◽  
I. E. Dragun ◽  
E. S. Tolstopyatova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Hemostatic Effects ◽  
Improve Blood Flow

Hemorrhoids is one of the most common diseases during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. It can be acute and chronic, and manifests itself in the form of thrombosis, inflammation or bleeding. The course of the disease can be either chronic or acute. Acute hemorrhoids is a complication of the chronic process and is further subdivided into forms according to the severity of inflammation and thrombosis. The classification reflects the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids; it is convenient and practical allowing for an unbiased approach in outlining indications and selecting the desired method of treatment depending on the stage of the disease and its severity. Conservative treatment of acute and chronic hemorrhoids is aimed at relief of symptoms of acute hemorrhoids, preventing complications as well as exacerbations of the chronic disease. Medications used in the treatment have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hemostatic effects, improve blood flow and blood circulation in cavernous formations. The article tells about the drug of choice in the treatment of hemorrhoids in pregnant and postpartum women.

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