scholarly journals The content and development of biochemical concepts in the school course of biology

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Irina Vyacheslavovna Nalivayko ◽  
Natalya Gennadevna Bobrova
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
School Subject ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Specific Section ◽  
School Curricula

The article reveals the content of biochemical concepts constituting school biology course, shows their development during the study of all the units of the subject mentioned above: from the vegetable organism to the general laws of nature. Biology as a school subject is a system of biological concepts, developing in a logical sequence. The handling of the relevant concepts shows the degree of assimilation of biological knowledge. That is why the teachers work on assimilation and development of biological concepts is so important. The study of biochemical concepts is included in the school course of biology. They can be classified according to the nature of the content, along with morphological, anatomical concepts etc. Some biochemical concepts belong to the group of basic biological concepts, i.e. concepts about the biological regularities concerning with the whole wildlife. They are: metabolism and interchange of energy, nutrition, breathing, selection, photosynthesis. A number of biochemical concepts such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes and some others are special, as they are studied within a specific section. The article analyzes school curricula and textbooks on biology; it allows making a conclusion that biochemical concepts are formed and developed throughout the biology course from 6 to 11 grades. There is a succession in formation and development of these notions: at first they are special and are studied as processes characterizing the functioning of a plant; considering the processes occurring in animal organism, biochemical concepts become general. In the General Biology unit they become special again. Such regularity is substantiated by the logic of construction of biological material. The formation of biochemical concepts is contributed to by all kinds of verbal, visual and practical methods of teaching biology, the role of the latter is particularly important. It requires the use of activity approach during the formation of biochemical concepts, because one of the conditions for their proper formation is the application of knowledge in practice. Skills acquired by students are the indicators of the effectiveness of education, together with the amount of subject knowledge.

KEY CONCEPTS OF TRAINING COMPETENT TOURISM SPECIALISTS AS A FACTOR OF THE REVIVAL OF THE CULTURAL CODE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (118) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
G.A. Rizakhodzhaeva ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Baltabayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
High Level

The article deals with the problem of professional training specialists in tourism. The relevance of the research is that recently the role of knowledge in the process of training future specialists in the sphere of tourism has changed. In the current socio-economic context, in order to fulfill the order of society for high-level future specialists in the sphere of tourism, graduates of higher educational institutions are forced to possess not only an extensive theoretical base in their specific specialty, but also certain meta-subject knowledge. However, mere knowledge ownership is no longer sufficient in the context of the development of the international labor market. The problem of the need for the formation and development of a new quality of education appears, the updated content of which will be based on key competencies. In this case, the key competence is defined as a mandatory competence, because it corresponds to the conditions of implementation, which are not limited, not too specific, but are universal within certain limits. In this regard, a survey of future tourism experts was conducted on the subject of their perception of the importance of forming competencies. The results of the survey are described in this article.

scholarly journals Teaching through textbooks: Teachers as practitioners of a discipline?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-201
Author(s):  
Mili ◽  
Christopher Winch
Keyword(s):  
Government School ◽  
Teacher Interviews ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
Qualified Teachers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Relationship

What is the role of textbooks in promoting teaching, and how does this role relate to teachers’ subject knowledge, qualifications and autonomy? In this article, we study one aspect of the relationship between the use of textbooks and good teaching by examining how teachers’ subject knowledge in the subject they are expected to teach relates to how they use and rely on textbooks. To do so, we draw on ethnographic data including classroom observation of geography lessons and teacher interviews in upper primary government school classrooms in Bihar, India. We analysed teaching episodes in terms of distinct pedagogical strategies, namely, ostensive teaching, acquaintance knowledge and memory. These categories were identified through normative content analysis which recognises the distinct forms of knowledge, and specifically, different types of inferential relationships. This categorisation enables us to distinguish between teachers with and without a postgraduate or undergraduate qualification in geography in their use of the textbook and pedagogical strategies. Our findings support the claims of those who maintain that textbooks can be a powerful pedagogical tool, and not simply a teaching script in the hands of poorly qualified teachers.

scholarly journals A crise dos fundamentos das ciências modernas: Uma leitura a partir de Edmund Husserl

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Rogério Miranda de Almeida ◽  
Irineu Letenski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Logical Investigations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Positivism

Estas reflexões têm como objetivo principal analisar a crise dos fundamentos das ciências modernas na perspectiva de Edmund Husserl. Com efeito, na primeira metade do século XX, o autor das Investigações lógicas levanta o brado em torno da existência de uma crise científica e, ao mesmo tempo, procura diagnosticar as causas e remediar os males que acarretaram tal crise. Mais precisamente, o pensamento husserliano tem como ponto de partida a crítica aos limites e à possibilidade do conhecimento proposto pelas filosofias de Descartes e de Kant. Mas Husserl ataca igualmente o espírito reducionista do positivismo científico – com o desenvolvimento e a sofisticação de suas técnicas – assim como a imposição não menos reducionista do historicismo que, ao afastarem o “sujeito do mundo”, romperam suas “relações primigênias”, espoliando assim o papel do sujeito na construção do conhecimento.Abstract: These reflections aim principally at analyzing the crisis of the modern science foundations from Edmund Husserl’s perspective. Indeed, at the first half of the 20th century, the author of Logical Investigations points vehemently out to the existence of a scientific crisis and tries, at the same time, to diagnose the causes and to show a solution to the disadvantages that brought about such a crisis. More precisely, the Husserlian thought has as its starting point the critique against the limits and the possibilities of knowledge proposed by the philosophies of Descartes and Kant. However, Husserl also attacks the reducing spirit of scientific positivism – together with the development and sophistication of its techniques – as well as the no less reducing and imposing historicism. Both trends have not only removed the “world subject”, but also disrupted its “primeval relations” having, thus, deprived the role of the subject in the construction of knowledge.Keywords: Husserl, crisis, sciences, subject, knowledge.  

scholarly journals Legal consciousness and legal culture in the era of total digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel P. Baranov ◽  
Alexey Y. Mamychev ◽  
Roman I. Dremliuga ◽  
Olga I. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
The Subject

The paper analyses the change in ideas about law in the digitalization era. Noting the insufficient theoretical substantiation of attempts to impose on modern law any special characteristics arising from the widespread development of digital technologies, the authors admit that in the era of virtual reality, the laws of the digital virtual world begin to actively compete with the laws of nature. This entails a slight decrease in the role of law as a traditional regulator of social relationships. However, according to the authors, one should not artificially diminish the role of law even in the era of digitalization. In this regard, the paper discusses the main trends in the study of legal digitalization processes. The first trend is due to the need to promptly respond by legal means to the emergence of new areas of legal regulation caused by the widespread use of digital information technologies. The second trend assumes the expansion and rethinking of the subject and object of legal science within the context that new digital "participants" of legal relations born due to intelligent human activity emerge. 

scholarly journals Cinema for children in Poland – a bastard child of popular culture, an element of cultural education

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Izabela Franckiewicz-Olczak
Keyword(s):  
Film Studies ◽  
Cultural Education ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mass Entertainment ◽  
Cultural Choices ◽  
The Voice ◽  
School Curricula

In the mid-1950s, film sealed its place in the world of art with the voice of essentialist theories. At the same time, it did not give up its status as mass entertainment, which it had acquired at the beginning of cinematography’s development. Over the years, it has also developed its position as an educational medium, and its importance and impact on culture created the need for film studies. And although knowledge of film and cinematography is being introduced to school curricula, not only in Poland, the negative view that film is purely for entertainment purposes still prevails. Focusing on the subject outlined, the article refers to the results of research on film knowledge among children and young people, and on the cultural choices (using data on film choices) of parents and caregivers, to analyze the place and role of film in children’s and young people’s development.

Post-structuralist genealogical discourse analysis of NSC 68

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (38) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Juraj Kalický ◽  
Ivana Ondrejmišková
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cold War

The article aims at providing a genealogical discourse analysis of the document United States Objectives and Programs for National Security, known as NSC 68, with a particular focus on the role that the discourse of NSC 68 played at the outset of the Cold War. The analytical basis of the research is the post-structuralist Foucauldian discourse analysis and the realist paradigm of international relations theory. These tools are applied to reveal the repercussions that the discourse of this document constituted, and, at the same time, the subject knowledge it offered to the U.S. political leaders. Via the scientific method of comparison, analysis and synthesis, the paper highlights the importance and role of the aforementioned discourse in formulating ideological differences and in the interpretation of threats when identifying state’s attitude and position in a new world of bipolar division.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL OF INNOVATIVE TOURIST PRODUCT IN UKRAINE: FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
S. Havryliuk ◽  
L. Melko ◽  
G. Uvarova ◽  
V. Karyuk ◽  
I. Mihus
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourism Enterprises

The article presents a scientific discussion on trends and prospects for product innovation in the tourism business. The main objective of the study is to substantiate the nature and role of innovative tourism products in improving the efficiency of economic and product activities of tourism enterprises, the need for their implementation in tourism at its present stage in Ukraine. Analysis of literature sources and existing approaches to solving the problem of implementation of innovative products by tourism enterprises allowed us to formulate conceptual tools in this area, taking into account industry specifics, to characterize the types of product innovations of tourism enterprises. The topicality of solving this scientific problem boils down to the fact that in conditions of competition, the development of tourism business is ensured primarily by the use of product innovations by tourism enterprises, the introduction of effective ways to implement priority areas of innovation. The study of the problem of implementation of innovative tourist products in the practical activities of enterprises is carried out in the following logical sequence: the subject matter and types of innovative tourist products have been analysed, the main prerequisites for their implementation in the activities of enterprises have been defined; the main trends in the development of innovations in the tourism business of Ukraine, in particular, new tourism products and innovative approaches used to retain regular customers and attract new ones in a competitive environment; an optimal model of implementation of innovative tourist products has been developed. The methodological tools of the conducted study were general theoretical and specific methods, in particular, logical and dialectical, graphoanalytical method, method of scientific abstraction, systemic and integrated approaches. The study covered the period of 2010—2019. The object of research is an innovative tourist product that allowed implementation of its model taking into account the effect of external and internal environment. The article presents the results of empirical analysis of the main trends in the development of innovation at the present stage of development of the tourism business in Ukraine. In addition, there are reasons that inhibit innovation in tourism, which must be taken into account for the development and implementation of innovative tourist products. The study theoretically proves and supports that the development of innovative activities and the introduction of innovative tourist products provide tourism enterprises with competitive advantages. The results of the study can be useful in the practical work of travel agencies that seek to create a portfolio of innovative products and increase the efficiency of their activities.

scholarly journals The frequency and sources of homework in science and social studies in Croatia and Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2 (29)) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Edita Borić ◽  
Marta Zečević
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Real Life ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
School Subject ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
The Subject

Just as each school subject has its own specific goals, so the role of homework depends on the specific requirements and learning outcomes of the subject within which it is assigned. Homework in Science and Social Studies should be assigned in those parts of learning content that will require research-oriented and problem-solving activities, which will enable students to gain experience, develop creativity and apply knowledge and skills in everyday life. The study included primary school teachers in Croatia and Slovenia (N = 144). The observation was conducted in real-life situations during Science and Social Studies lessons. The results show that Croatian teachers assign statistically significantly more homework and use ready-made sources of homework assignments more than Slovenian teachers. Teachers of both countries have preferences towards workbooks as the most commonly used source of homework. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the need for reducing homework in the Croatian practice. It also sheds light on the role of the teacher in designing homework tasks that will not be automatically assigned, but will have a meaningful purpose and be oriented towards students’ needs and interests while developing their competencies.

Introduction

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Johnny W. Lott
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
High School Geometry ◽  
School Geometry ◽  
Original Question ◽  
The Subject ◽  
February Issue ◽  
Question Today ◽  
School Curricula

In 1972, the Mathematics Teacher published a series of three articles in “The Forum,” a section of the journal devoted to diverging opinions with respect to the role of geometry and the best approach to it. The February issue addressed the question “What should become of the high school geometry course?” The articles in “The Forum” in February were written by Howard F. Fehr, Frank M. Eccles, and Bruce E. Meserve. I chose the article by Fehr as one that has had an effect on high school curricula and still poses some answers to the original question today. The question was the subject of a panel discussion at the August 2006 MathFest of the Mathematical Association of America sponsored by the NCTM/MAA Joint Committee on Mutual Concerns.

scholarly journals СТРАТЕГІЇ МЕТАКОГНІТІВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8(36)) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Плющ В. М. ◽  
Бохан Ю. В. ◽  
Форостовська Т. О.
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Metacognitive Skills ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
Metacognitive Training ◽  
Specific Program ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Metacognitive Abilities

The article discusses studies of the student’s metacognition. The scientific approaches which are characterized reflect the problem of the research. The article attempts to define the place of the students in the pedagogical process and to identify the role of metakognitsy as a factor of success in vocational training.Metacognitive knowledge, covering knowledge of a subject, knowledge about the subject and about its cognition, about oneself and once own development in this process, is the most effective with relation to cognitive and personal development of a student.The paper states that the formation of metacognitive skills in future teacher’s does not occur spontaneously, but requires the specific program - metacognitive training. Conclusion is made that the development of metacognitive abilities of students in the learning process provides control and prediction of their intellectual and creative activity. It is assumed that entering metacognitive stance will allow students to overcome the difficulties of their development and manage their own resources.

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