scholarly journals To the question of the concepts of «historical consciousness» and «historical memory»

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Yuliya Solomonovna Repinetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Individual Memory ◽  
Public Consciousness

The article defines the concepts historical consciousness and historical memory which are studied by many social sciences and are termed differently. The author indicates multiplicity of social memory as a process. Besides the public (social) memory the author distinguishes cultural memory (researched, especially recent); collective memory (faced and meaningful common experiences living together); individual memory (represented experience); historical memory, etc. Historical consciousness and historical memory are the terms that take a key position in the theory and methodology of historical science. The author of the article also draws attention to the analysis of the approaches of contemporary scientists L.P. Repina and Maurice Halbwachs (the founder of the theory of historical memory (1877-1945) to the interpretation of the problem. The essence of historical consciousness and memory is characterized, public consciousness is distinguished. The author draws attention to such an important aspect of the problem as identifying complex concepts-synonyms appearing in the theory and methodology of historical science like historical consciousness and historical memory. Special emphasis is made on showing dialectical unity concepts mentioned above.

scholarly journals Correspondence of S.F. Platonov and M.M. Bogoslovsky

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Melnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the source features of a unique documentary complex – the correspondence of two major Russian historians S.F. Platonov (1860–1933) and M.M. Bogoslovsky (1867–1929). The epistolary dialogue of scientists is of considerable interest not only in terms of studying their life and work. The confidential correspondence reflects significant events in the scientific and social life of Russia, Moscow, Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad. Correspondence is a valuable historical and historiographic source not only for understanding the development of historical science in Russia, the formation of Moscow and St. Petersburg historical schools, but also for studying the public consciousness of the Russian humanitarian intelligentsia at the end of the 19th — first third of the 20th centuries, in-depth knowledge of the culture of a turning point in the history of Russia. The letters contain valuable information about the everyday life and life of the professors, the organization of scientific life at the Academy of Sciences, the Archaeographic commission, at Moscow university and the Moscow theological academy, at the Moscow higher courses for women, at the Institute of history of the RANION, the Historical Museum, other higher educational institutions and scientific societies two capitals, they reflect the international ties of domestic historical science with scientists from Great Britain, Germany, France, USA, Czech Republic.

scholarly journals The Importance of National Museums in Preserving Collective Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-247
Author(s):  
Mateja Kos
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Original Function ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
National Museums

Research into memory, which has been carried out in recent decades by researchers in the fields of social sciences and humanities, is also important in the field of museology.Museums collect objects that, at the time of transition, lose their original function they have in previous everyday life and acquire a new one. Objects are generators of memory, and memory works through objects. However, the stories of individual objects are necessarily less comprehensive than stories that are made up of broader semantic wholes. At some stage of the narrative a transition from the collection of individual memories or memories of individuals to a wider whole appears – a collective memory. It is not composed of a multitude of individual memories, but is processed and transformed into a whole that corresponds a particular community. Memory is connected with time, and individual memories are fixed at the points of collective time.Museums are creators of collective memory. Collective memory is connected with the concepts of historical memory, (cultural) heritage and witnessing. The collective memory generated by objects creates an identity. This can be created at every level, from personal to local, from regional to national. Structuring a particular past has an extremely important role in structuring identity. The concepts of memory, heritage, witnessing and history in the field of cultural heritage refer to national museums in the purest form. Each national museum is a guardian, researcher and promoter of a professionally and scientifically transformed collective memory, and thus a constitutive element of national consciousness.

scholarly journals Historical Consciousness in the Focus of Sociological Enquiry

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-191
Author(s):  
Jiří Šubrt
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Essential Idea

Abstract Historical Consciousness in the Focus of Sociological Enquiry. This article attempts to elaborate a theory of historical consciousness which could apply to the area of empirical sociological enquiry. Its essential idea is that it is possible to view historical consciousness as an "entity" shaped by the interplay of four components: a) lived historical experience (lived personally, eventually transmitted through interpersonal contact), b) ideology, particularly state ideology and ideology of political parties, c) knowledge produced by historiography and historical science, d) collective memory

scholarly journals Exogenous factors of memory formation about the great soviet era in contemporary Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Larionov ◽  
Vardan Baghdasaryan ◽  
Sergey Fedorchenko ◽  
Eduard Shults
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Historical Identity ◽  
High Degree

This article is devoted to the analysis of exogenous factors in the formation of the historical memory of Russian society about the Soviet era. The author refers to those components of the Russian information and cultural space that are created and broadcast into the consciousness of Russian society with direct influence and interest of foreign entities external to Russia. On the basis of facts and texts, conclusions are made about the systematic and consistent nature of attempts to influence the historical memory of Russian society in order to radically transform Russian national-historical consciousness and a sense of historical identity. The diversity of such effects is also noted. Despite the long and cumulative nature of attempts at external influence on the Russian memorial culture and social memory, a high degree of stability of the collective memory of Russian society should be stated. Not least, this is achieved thanks to the thoughtful historical policy of the Russian state over the past 15-20 years.

scholarly journals Book and historical memory

Bibliosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
S. N. Lyutov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Book Culture

The article presents an attempt to study the historical-bibliologic concept of memory. Studying the opinions of historians, sociologists, bibliologists allowed comprehending the role of book and reading in the processes of memory preservation and forming the public consciousness historical component. The author analyzes relationship between the traditions of bookishness and memory; negative tendencies of the «break with tradition» in a sphere of modern book culture.

scholarly journals Between Individual Memory and Social Memory. What Do People in Poland Remember About 1989?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aneta Ostaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Memory ◽  
Collapse Of Communism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

30 years have passed since the events of 1989 that led to the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In the paper the themes of social memory of political transformation in Poland in 1989 are discussed. The content of online statements collected from popular Polish news portals are analysed. When asking the question what events and experiences do Poles bring back when they think of 1989, I am interested in the relationship between the individual (biographical) memory and collective memory – the socially reconstructed knowledge of the past.

The historical memory of Russians in sociological surveys: foundations, reality, problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Fadeev
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Science Study ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Future Vision

The publication presents an analysis of the materials of the surveys of the FCTAS RAS, the Interregional Social Science Study "The Future of Russia", the Levada Center and the Public Opinion Foundation for the last two decades, covering historical topics. The aim of the study was to identify the main characteristics of the historical consciousness and the state of the historical memory of Russians at present. Studies by sociological centres in recent years show that the historical knowledge of a large part of Russians is fragmentary, comes from different sources, and is not always correct. Many events and personalities are mixed up in consciousness, or even forgotten altogether. Moreover, this phenomenon refers not only to distant events in history, known exclusively from textbooks, but also to decades directly related to the person´s life. Choosing between various historical alternatives of the country's future vision, Russians to a greater extent are focused on neutral ideas of strengthening Russia's position in the external and internal arena, whilst the ideas of an “Orthodox state”, a turn towards Europe or Eurasianism do not find major support among the population. With major contribution by the authorities the Great Patriotic War at present is the main historical event, overshadowing all the others. At the same time, the constant emphasis on the war theme and on heroic moments, combined with the levelling of tragic ones, causes a distorted perception of the event among a part of the population. In addition, the interpretation of history (especially during the Great Patriotic War) becomes the arena of a "political war." Various political forces give their own interpretation of events, that can both confuse some citizens and, on the other hand, form irreconcilable ideological opponents. The memory of the war is becoming more and more mythologised as a consequence of the fact that its real participants are gradually passing away. In connection with all above, current and future generations will have to look for grains of truth in a highly politicised and sometimes deceptive information field. The correct perspective of raising the awareness of the Russian population, “clarifying historical consciousness” is seen in a multifaceted historical discourse with the participation of professional historians, openness to any discussion, and broader media coverage.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL MEMORY IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Анна Валерьевна Белова ◽  
Галина Алексеевна Кокорина
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Gender Specificity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Russian

В статье рассматриваются основные точки зрения современных отечественных и зарубежных ученых, освещающие проблемы изучения исторической и социальной памяти. Анализируются существенные подходы к определению таких понятий как «историческая память», «социальная память», «место памяти», «коллективная память». Дается характеристика исследований, посвященных изучению мемуарного текста, через гендерные различия воспроизводства памяти об исторической родине. Рассматриваются основные точки зрения на гендерную специфику памяти об исторической родине. Описываются взгляды современных историографов, освещающие вопросы истории повседневности. Проводится анализ основной и ведущей совокупности исследований в области истории повседневности в связи с исследованиями памяти. Также в работе рассматриваются основные научные труды в рамках темы памяти иностранцев об исторической родине. The article deals with the main points of view of modern domestic and foreign historiographers, highlighting the main processes and methods in the study of historical memory. The main approaches to the definition of such concepts as «historical memory», «social memory», «place of memory», «collective memory» are analyzed. The article describes the research devoted to the study of the memoir text, through gender differences in the reproduction of the memory of the historical homeland. The main points of view on the gender specificity of the memory of the historical homeland are considered. The article describes the main points of view of modern historiographers, covering the issues of the history of everyday life. The analysis of the main and leading set of studies in the field of the history of everyday life is carried out. The paper also examines the main scientific works within the framework of a given topic.

scholarly journals China’s “Gold Shield”: Monemonic Internet Practice Management Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Tat’yana A. Podshibyakina
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mental Control ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Network Media ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Public Sphere

Actualization of the past is a natural manifestation of need for reflection of historical memory for society; it also pushes elites to search for new forms of “mental control” over public consciousness. The research is devoted to the problem of keeping historical memory in the context of censorship on the Internet. The goal is to identify the symbolic effects of historical memory that arises as a result of narrative representations of history and cognitive mnemonic practices of network media and online Internet communities in the context of censorship. Result of this research was conceptualization of the notion for “cognitive mnemonic Internet practices”, their typology in accordance with the types of cognitive censorship of network media and a description of their symbolic effects. Concept of the Internet as a mnemonic system is theoretically grounded, a typology of censorship strategies is given as a factor affecting the displacement of some forms of historical memory from the public sphere of society and their expression in various network mnemonic practices. The case study analysis of modern Chinese network media allowed for conceptualization of the notion of “cognitive mnemonic Internet practices” and grounding the conclusions.

scholarly journals Images of Marie Curie: How Reputational Entrepreneurs Shape Iconic Identities

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Lisa Alaimo ◽  
Lori Chambers ◽  
Antony Puddephatt
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Sexual Double Standard ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
The Public ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
Reputation Building

Marie Curie holds iconic status both within the scientific community and in the wider cultural imagination and collective memory. The first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize and the only woman to achieve such an honor twice, Curie is widely celebrated as a female pioneer in the sciences and is held up as a model for all, but particularly women, to emulate. She is revered not only as a ground-breaking scientist, but also as a devoted wife and mother who fostered intellectual passion in her own children, one of whom became the second woman to be honored with the Nobel Prize in Science. Echoing Eva Hemmungs Wirten, we argue that the evolution of Curie’s status over time offers an opportunity to use meta-biography to understand the layered nature of her reputation. We draw on Gary Alan Fine’s theory of reputational entrepreneurship to understand her legacy as a product of collective historical memory. Curie’s legacy was not pre-determined by the fact that she was a successful scientist; in fact, she was shunned by the public in France in 1911 after it was revealed that she, a widow, had engaged in an affair with a fellow married scientist. A meta-biographical analysis reveals considerable effort was put into reputation building by her Curie herself, her commercial sponsor, and family members. To ignore the earlier iterations of her reputation is to underestimate the challenges she faced as a woman in male-dominated science and in a society that judged her by a sexual double standard. Meta-biography, in conjunction with theories of intellectual reputation building and collective memory, allows us to unearth the complicated layers of Curie’s story. It also tells us a great deal about the [sexist] society in which Curie and her supporters had to forge her reputation.

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