Children's vision of the covid-19 pandemic: gender-specific views of older preschoolers and younger schoolchildren

Introduction. This article presents the results of the research project "Children's Vision of the COVID-19 pandemic" implemented in 2020. According to many experts, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to negative consequences for the physical (somatic), psychic and psychological and the health of the population. The works of foreign and domestic authors state the facts of a number of negative psychological effects of an emotional, mental and behavioral nature. However, against the background of the available research, a significant gap is found, which concerns the children's version of the perception of the situation of the pandemic and forced isolation, and above all its gender specificity in relation to the stage of early ontogenesis – senior preschool and primary school age.Materials and Methods. To collect the actual data, a projective verbal method of writing a story on the theme "The Tale of the Coronavirus" was used. In total, 138 stories were collected (68 of them were composed by girls and 70 by boys), the content analysis of which was carried out through the open coding procedure. Comparative gender analysis of the texts of the stories was conducted in seven main categories: "characteristics of the coronavirus", "origin of the coronavirus", "current (frustrated) needs", "resources for overcoming difficulties", "emotions", "key events" and "gender of the characters".Results. The data obtained showed the predominantly negative nature of children's views of the coronavirus, pronounced discomfort in most of them caused by frustration of the needs for security, freedom, positive emotions and social contacts, the predominance of a mostly anxious emotional background of the perception of the pandemic situation with a predominance of fear, as well as a special emphasis on such resources for overcoming difficulties as compliance with preventive measures and hygiene rules, medical care and restriction of activity. At the same time, the gender specificity of children's ideas about the COVID-19 pandemic was found, which consists in a more pronounced orientation towards people of their own sex, emphasizing their own role in solving the problem and focusing on active resistance to the threat in boys and focusing on the emotional side of events, emphasizing the role of others and waiting for salvation from outside in girls.Discussion and Conclusions. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the content of ideas about the COVID-19 pandemic and self-isolation of girls and boys of senior preschool and primary school age, along with general trends, has a gender specificity, which reflects the results of differentiated gender socialization prevailing at the stages of early ontogenesis, based on the tradition of gender polarization.

Image of deputies of regional parliaments in popular social networks: equality in the era of digitalization

The article examines popular social networks from the standpoint of the gender specificity of the authors and the age profile of users with the aim of further qualitative consideration of the accounts of deputies the analysis of the accounts of the deputies of regional parliaments from a visual and linguistic discursive point of view in the era of the global trend for digitalization is carried out. In the course of the study, the main and gender features of the effective filling of accounts of social networks VKontakte, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, TikTok and Telegram are identified. The empirical basis for the study of the network image was the text and visual content of accounts, as well as threads of comments and user discussions in the accounts of the following regional deputies for the period September 2020 - February 2021. The analysis focuses on the gender specificity of the content of the studied accounts and the reaction of subscribers of both genders to various popular topics in the posts of MPs. For each of the selected social networks, the formed network image of the deputies is analyzed. Also, the article analyzes the gender specificity in the legislative bodies of power among the deputies of regional parliaments, fixes the tendencies of an increase in the number of women in power structures at the regional level. On the basis of the study, conclusions are drawn about the unequal ratio of the representation of women and men in legislative bodies, in contrast to foreign power structures. Gender specificity in the filling of accounts is noted: creation of the image of a “strong woman-deputy”; adherence to personal "family values" in the posts of male deputies. At the end of the article, the main conclusion is given about the low level of efficiency of communications of deputies in the Internet space on the most popular social platforms; recommendations are proposed for changing the indicators of the activity of deputies in social networks at the level of government and each individual deputy.

Gender Representation in the Russian Recruitment Discourse (In Job Advertisements and Cvs)

The article describes gender representation peculiarities in the Russian discourse of employment, revealing the role of gender stereotypes in responding to a job advertisement and the ways employers inform candidates about the gender of the employee desired. We used the methods of content analysis and semantic interpretation, as well as ethnographic and quantitative methods. The corpus for analysis includes job advertisements and resumes that reflect the peculiarities of the interaction of languages and cultures in the context of globalization. The subject of the current research is gender representation ways in job advertisements and resumes in the Russian employment discourse. The results show that masculine gender predominance in the position names in job advertisements does not influence female candidates’ desire to apply for a job. Moreover, the research suggests that female candidates tend to apply for the professional spheres that were conventionally regarded as those of males, i.e., IT or telecom. At the same time, the resistance of Russian employment discourse to the global feminist one was reviled, as no so-called feminitives have been found in its corpus. The study demonstrates the growing influence of English-based patterns on Russian employment discourse conventions, expressed by informal, personalized, and individual-focused interaction with a candidate in job advertisements. The findings also indicate that professional skills and gender specificity of a professional sphere influence the desire of a candidate to apply for a job rather than a masculine gender in the vacancy name. Moreover, to implicit the gender of a candidate, employers can use either visual or text opportunities of a job advertisement. Besides, some cases of gender specificity blurring have been detected in the professional spheres that were conventionally considered as the ones for females (domestic staff or beauty sphere) where male candidates now tend to be of demand.

STUDIES OF HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL MEMORY IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

В статье рассматриваются основные точки зрения современных отечественных и зарубежных ученых, освещающие проблемы изучения исторической и социальной памяти. Анализируются существенные подходы к определению таких понятий как «историческая память», «социальная память», «место памяти», «коллективная память». Дается характеристика исследований, посвященных изучению мемуарного текста, через гендерные различия воспроизводства памяти об исторической родине. Рассматриваются основные точки зрения на гендерную специфику памяти об исторической родине. Описываются взгляды современных историографов, освещающие вопросы истории повседневности. Проводится анализ основной и ведущей совокупности исследований в области истории повседневности в связи с исследованиями памяти. Также в работе рассматриваются основные научные труды в рамках темы памяти иностранцев об исторической родине. The article deals with the main points of view of modern domestic and foreign historiographers, highlighting the main processes and methods in the study of historical memory. The main approaches to the definition of such concepts as «historical memory», «social memory», «place of memory», «collective memory» are analyzed. The article describes the research devoted to the study of the memoir text, through gender differences in the reproduction of the memory of the historical homeland. The main points of view on the gender specificity of the memory of the historical homeland are considered. The article describes the main points of view of modern historiographers, covering the issues of the history of everyday life. The analysis of the main and leading set of studies in the field of the history of everyday life is carried out. The paper also examines the main scientific works within the framework of a given topic.

GENDER PECULIARITIES OF SPEECH STRATEGIES AND TACTICS IN A LITERARY TEXT

The article deals with gender representation in English- and Russian-language literary works at the lexical and grammatical levels from the perspective of the strategies and tactics of speech behavior. The author focuses on the analysis of the gender specificity of linguistic means realization in dialogues with response expectation by the dialogue initiator; carry out the comparative analysis of gender specificity verbalization in English and Russian. The gender peculiarities of the use of remarks-stimuli and remarks-reactions, conditioned by sociocultural and psychological factors, are also described in the work and this article deals with the gender specifics of speech strategies in fiction, mainly in the novels and short stories of Ernest Hemingway and Virginia Woolf.

Gender Specificity of Spousal Concordance in the Development of Chronic Disease among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Couples: A Prospective Dyadic Analysis

This study aimed to explore the gender specificity of spousal concordance in the development of chronic diseases among middle-aged and older Chinese couples. Data of 3420 couples were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the incidence of chronic disease development over 4 years, conditional on the spousal baseline chronic disease status; and stepwise adjusting for the couples’ sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, education, retirement status and household income), and their individual lifestyle (i.e., smoking, drinking, exercise, social participation and BMI) all measured at baseline. The incidence of chronic diseases after 4 years of follow-up was 22.95% in the husbands (605/2636) and 24.71% in the wives (623/2521). Taking the couples’ baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates into account, husbands whose wife had chronic diseases at baseline showed an increased risk of developing chronic diseases over 4 years (ORadjusted = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.51), but this risk was not statistically-significant for wives (ORadjusted = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.71, 1.08). Our study identified gender specificity of spousal concordance in the development of chronic diseases among middle-aged and older Chinese couples. This finding may contribute to the design of couple-based intervention for disease prevention and management for community-dwelling older adults.

GENDER SPECIFICITY OF EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS IN THE DISCOURSE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS

The article deals with the gender specificity of the expression of emotions in social media. A person perceives and reflects the world around him / her and fixes these ideas in language. It is noted that the emotional assessment of reality is displayed both in the semantics of words, phrases, various syntactic structures, and non-verbal communication as well. The gender factor is considered to be one of the essential characteristics of the personality and affects the identification of the speaking subject by other members of the society.

Semantic field “appearance”: gender specificity (based on the English, German and Russian languages)

This study presents the results of a comparative analysis of the gender of lexical units with the seme “appearance” in the German, English and Russian languages. Fantasy books were used as the research material. The carried out comparative analysis of the gender aspect using the field method in Russian, English, German shows that in the studied languages, along with similarities, there are also differences in gender representation due to the specifics of the language. Comparative analysis of the semantic field “Appearance” allowed identifying the use of gender-relevant means in three languages, which confirms the fact that gender, as a socio-cultural construct, finds a vivid expression in different linguistic cultures.