scholarly journals Influence of direct seeding on the yield of agricultural cultures in the Rostov Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Gregory Vasilyevich Mokrikov ◽  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Minnikova ◽  
Kamil Shagidullovich Kazeev ◽  
Sergey Ilyich Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Direct Sowing

Tillage technologies that promote resource conservation and increase crop yields, especially in conditions of dry climate, are increasingly being introduced into the Russian agriculture. However, taking into account a diversity of soil and climatic conditions in Russia, it is necessary to study the agro-ecological state of agro landscapes. In Russia, in recent years, an increase in the yield of winter wheat and sunflower has been observed. From 2014 to 2018 in production conditions in the Rostov Region, the effect of direct sowing technology (No-Till) on the yield of winter wheat and sunflower was studied. The yield of sunflower and winter wheat largely depended on the amount of precipitation during the critical growing season of each agricultural crop. In 2014-2017 the yield of winter wheat in agrocenoses using direct sowing technology increased by 26-114%, sunflower by 27-92% compared with the traditional technology. The authors show that direct seeding compared to traditional technology of dump plowing (traditional tillage) contributes to saving motor fuel, increasing crop yields and lowering the cost of the main crops of the Rostov Region: winter wheat and sunflower.

YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT WHEN USING DIRECT SEEDING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.I. Ilchenko ◽  
◽  
O.A. Biryukova ◽  
A.V. Kucherenko ◽  
A.M. Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till

The article presents the results of a three-year study of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat in the No-till system in the soil and climatic conditions of the southern zone of the Rostov region. The combined introduction of ammophos and kalimagnesia before sowing with two fertilizing with ammonium nitrate in the tillering and outlet phases of the tube helps to improve the nutritional regime of the soil and ensures maximum yield of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Effect of different tillage intensity on yields and yield-forming factors in winter wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Martin Houšť ◽  
Blanka Procházková ◽  
Pavel Hledík
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
The Given ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Growing Region

The paper presents results of a study on application of minimum tillage technologies when growing winter wheat. Experiments were performed in the sugar-beet-growing region with loamy chernozem within the period of 2005–2009. Aanalysed and evaluated were effects of different methods of soil processing on yield-forming factors in stands of winter wheat grown after three different preceding crops (i.e. alfalfa, maize for silage and pea). Evaluated were the following four variants of tillage: (1) conventional ploughing to the depth of 0.22 m (Variant 1); (2) ploughing to the depth of 0.15 m (Variant 2); (3) direct sowing into the untilled soil (Variant 3), and (4) shallow tillage to the depth of 0.10 m (Variant 4).The effect of different tillage intensity on winter wheat yields was statistically non-significant after all forecrops. After alfalfa, the highest and the lowest average yields were recorded in Variant 2 (i.e. with ploughing to the depth of 0.15 m) and Variant 3 (direct sowing into the untilled soil), respectively. After maize grown for silage, higher yields were obtained in Variant 2 and Variant 1 (conventional ploughing) while in Variants 4 and 3 the obtained yields were lower. When growing winter wheat after pea as a preceding crop, the highest and the lowest average yields were recorded after direct sowing (Variant 3) and in Variant 1 (i.e. ploughing to the depth of 0.22 m), respectively. Results of studies on effect of different tillage technologies on yields of winter wheat crops indicate that under the given pedological and climatic conditions it is possible to apply methods of reduced tillage intensity. However, the choice of the corresponding technology must be performed with regard to the type of preceding crop.

scholarly journals The effect of No-till technology on the mineral nitrogen content in the Lower Don Chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Tatyana Minkina ◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a five-year study of the impact of various agricultural technologies (No-till, minimum and traditional using moldboard ploughing) on the content of mineral nitrogen in Haplic Chernozem in southern zone of Rostov Region. It has been revealed that the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the winter wheat areas cultivated by various agricultural technologies does not significantly change in samples collected both in spring and in summer. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen under resource-saving technologies (both minimum and Notill) has been higher than under ploughing throughout the whole period of study. The trend identified has not been mathematically confirmed. Nevertheless, the impact of No-till technology on the intensity of ammonification and nitrification should not be unequivocally denied, since a significant amount of mineral nitrogen is extracted by crops, and their crop yields under minimum and zero tillage was higher, than when ploughing was applied.

scholarly journals Machine learning reveals complex effects of climatic means and weather extremes on wheat yields during different plant developmental stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 169 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schierhorn ◽  
Max Hofmann ◽  
Taras Gagalyuk ◽  
Igor Ostapchuk ◽  
Daniel Müller
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Tropical Night

AbstractRising weather volatility poses a growing challenge to crop yields in many global breadbaskets. However, empirical evidence regarding the effects of extreme weather conditions on crop yields remains incomplete. We examine the contribution of climate and weather to winter wheat yields in Ukraine, a leading crop exporter with some of the highest yield variabilities observed globally. We used machine learning to link daily climatic data with annual winter wheat yields from 1985 to 2018. We differentiated the impacts of long-term climatic conditions (e.g., temperature) and weather extremes (e.g., heat waves) on yields during the distinct developmental stages of winter wheat. Our results suggest that climatic and weather variables alone explained 54% of the wheat yield variability at the country level. Heat waves, tropical night waves, frost, and drought conditions, particularly during the reproductive and grain filling phase, constitute key factors that compromised wheat yields in Ukraine. Assessing the impacts of weather extremes on crop yields is urgent to inform strategies that help cushion farmers against growing production risks because these extremes will likely become more frequent and intense with climate change.

scholarly journals Methods of tilling under conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening during winter wheat cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09008
Author(s):  
Julia Semenikhina ◽  
Sergey Kambulov ◽  
Galina Parkhomenko ◽  
Andrey Boyko ◽  
Svetlana Ponomareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Leguminous Crop ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Tillage Methods

Acute deficit of soil moisture during the growing season of crops negatively affects the yield. Various tillage methods that are part of the technology (traditional and zero) of winter wheat cultivation affect the soil structure in the topsoil, forming the soil structure in such a way that it acquires the properties of accumulation and preservation of atmospheric moisture. Purpose of the study is to determine the method of soil cultivation that contributes into increase in winter wheat productivity and moisture preservation in the soil. The study of various tillage methods was carried out under the conditions of many years of stationary experience in leguminous crop rotation. Soil and climatic conditions over the years of research were taken into account. The researched processing methods that form the basis of the traditional cultivation technology and implement their tillage tools are: surface - disc harrow B7T; small combined unit KUM 4; dump plow PN5-35. And cultivation of winter wheat by seeder of direct sowing WINTERSTEIGER Plotseed according to zero technology was studied, i.e. the main tillage was absent.

scholarly journals Soil fertility and productivity of winter wheat depending on the cultivation technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Kildyushkin ◽  
◽  
A.G. Soldatenko ◽  
E.G. Zhivotovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The influence of various technologies on soil fertility and field crop yields was studied. It was found that the content of humus in the 0–30 cm layer when applying fertilizers, crop residues, or green manure together with ameliorant, increased by traditional technology to 3.43 and by minimal to 3.45–3.47 %. Significant reserves of moisture in the 0–100 cm layer of soil under winter wheat were on the traditional and decompression technologies 137 and 125 mm, respectively. Soil density in the layers 0–20 and 20–40 cm was less by the traditional and decompression technologies, respectively, 1.32 and 1.34 g/cm3. The use of N136P18K15 provided an increase in grain yield to 34.4 с/ha.

scholarly journals Genetic distance of common winter wheat varieties

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Dimitrov ◽  
Zlatina Uhr ◽  
Nikolaya Velcheva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The study was conducted during the period 2017-2019 in the experimental field of IPGR Sadovo. Wheat is the most important agricultural crop worldwide. Bulgarian wheat production in 2019 amounts to 6.162 thousand tons - an increase of 5.7% compared to 2018, due to the relatively favorable climatic conditions in the process of crop development, which led to an increase in average yield (with 6.8%). Twenty nine common winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) with Belorusian origin and two Bulgarian varieties - Sadovo 1 and Enola were evaluated. The studied materials were sown in 2 rows with the length - 2 m, at the row spacing - 20 cm and the distance in rows - 5 cm. The standard technology adopted in IPGR for cultivation of common winter wheat was used. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic distance of common winter wheat genotypes with a view to their use in the breeding process as sources of initial material for the formation of new and highly productive wheat varieties. Biometric measurements were made on 20 plants of each genotype and the main productivity indicators were recorded. To evaluate the genetic similarity between the different varieties, cluster analysis and PC analysis were applied. Based on the cluster analysis, the studied genotypes are classified into five large cluster groups. With the most genetic closeness to each other are characterized the varieties Vasilisa and Uzlet, followed by Daria and Rostan. The greatest genetic distance is shown between the Bulgarian varieties Sadovo 1 and Enola to the varieties from Belarus. The greatest genetic difference was found between Sadovo 1 and Rassvet, followed by Enola and Rassvet. Genetically distant varieties belonging to different cluster groups can be used as sources of initial material to achieve genetic diversity in the breeding of common winter wheat.

scholarly journals Development of the methodology of estimating of agricultural crop yield potential with consideration of climate and agrophytotechnology impact

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
V. P. Dmytrenko ◽  
L. P. Odnolyetok ◽  
О. О. Kryvoshein ◽  
A. V. Krukivska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In the paper it is outlined the main methodological positions and the results of the approbation of new approaches to the integrated assessment of the potential of crop yields. There are considered the theoretical foundations of a joint assessment of the biological, ecological and anthropogenic components of the yield potential of agricultural crops which are based on the ecosystem concept and the mathematical model "Weather-Crop Yield" developed by V. P. Dmytrenko. In the considered approaches the peculiarities of the influence of various environmental factors on the formation of crop yields are determined by indicators of various potential yields -  general, climatic and trend (agrotechnological). Each type of yield potential can be used for evaluation of the effectiveness of the conditions of field crop growing for each factor taken into account, as well as the optimality criterion in the agrometeorological adaptation strategies and also as a criterion for the degree of sensitivity of the yield level to the conditions of crops cultivating. The developed approaches are tested on the example of estimation of long-term dynamics of winter wheat yield potential in Ukraine. According to the results of the evaluation of different factors of the potential of the productivity of winter wheat for the periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2010 the dominant importance of organizational and technological processes in comparison with the contribution of changes of agroclimatic conditions has been determined in both periods.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

EFFICIENCY OF USE OF GREEN-TRANSPORT COMPONENTS BY OPERATING AND ENERGY INDICATORS

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
D. Domushchi ◽  
P. Ustuyanov ◽  
Y. Enakiev ◽  
A. Lipin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
Harvesting Process

In agriculture, the components of production cycles are likely (stochastic) in nature. This is especially true for harvesting. The duration of this period depends on the weather conditions, the biology of plant development, the variety of culture, the composition of the soil, agro technical techniques, etc. In connection with this, there is a need for scientific and production searches for such forms of organization of the harvesting process that would allow harvesting in short agronomic terms and substantially reduce due to this loss. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the structure and composition of the technology of harvesting and transport complexes for different technologies of harvesting cereal crops by operational and energy indicators to reduce the material and energy costs of harvesting. To calculate the comparative estimation of energy costs of complex fuel and operating costs for different harvesting technologies of winter wheat, four technologies are considered: traditional technology - direct harvesting without straw shredding; traditional technology - separate harvesting; zero technology - the use of harvesting equipment of domestic production; Zero technology - the use of harvesting techniques imported production. For these technologies, according to the methodology of the latest scientific research, technological maps for the harvesting of winter wheat have been developed. A comparative analysis of operational and energy costs of harvesting winter wheat indicated that the least cost is zero technology using domestic production technology, and the most expensive is conventional technology with direct combine harvesting. The presented results of researches of various technologies of grain cereal harvesting according to the structure and composition of equipment of harvesting and transportation complexes indicated that reduction of operational and energy expenses is possible due to increase of productivity, reduction of book value and quantity of harvesting equipment in the composition of harvesting - transport complexes at performance of works in optimal agro technical terms with minimal crop losses.

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