scholarly journals General characteristics of the intensity of elimination in the early ontogenesis of colonial bird species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Yuri Gennadievich Lamekhov ◽  
Marina Anatolyevna Bulanova ◽  
Elena Anatolyevna Lamekhova
Keyword(s):  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Colonial Nesting ◽  
Larus Ridibundus ◽  
Colonial Bird ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Colonial Settlement

This paper examines the rate of elimination in the early ontogeny of colonial bird species. The research objects were colonial nesting species - black-necked gull ( Larus ridibundus L.) and black-necked grebe ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm), which form monospecific and poly-species colonial settlements. The rate of elimination was determined taking into account the stage of completion of the clutch, as well as the position of the nest in the structure of the colonial settlement: in the biological center or at the periphery of the colony. The nesting life of colonially nesting species was studied according to the generally accepted method, taking into account the choice of a place for building a nest by birds, the morphology of the nest, the intensity of oviposition and other characteristics. In the course of many years of research 3 types of nest placement within the colony have been identified. The maximum elimination rate has been proven for fixing the nest on the floodplain of common reed. The minimum rate of elimination was found for black-headed gull nests built on the fold of common reed ( Phragmites australis ) and narrow-leaved cattail ( Typha angustifolia ). Near-nesting vegetation is located around the nests of black-necked gull and black-necked grebe. The variant of placing vegetation around the nest prevails. Less common are options in which vegetation is located on one side. Observations have not revealed a relationship between the rate of elimination and the nature of the distribution of vegetation around the nest. The authors have compared the rate of elimination of black-headed gull nests located in the biological center and at the periphery of the colony. Elimination is possible both during the laying of the first egg and after the end of the clutch. Observations have shown that the rate of elimination is higher for nests from the periphery of the colony, which may be associated with differences in the size of the nests, the rate of their construction, as well as with the behavior of birds incubating eggs. The maximum rate of elimination of nests and eggs at the periphery of the colony is also manifested in the early ontogenesis of the black-necked grebe. The intensity of elimination and the forms of its manifestation affect the structure of the colonial settlement of birds and characterize the level of individual and group adaptation of birds to the conditions in which the nesting period takes place.

scholarly journals Duration of colonial bird species egg incubation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Yuri Gennadievich Lamekhov
Keyword(s):  
Ordinal Number ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Colonial Bird ◽  
Incubation Duration ◽  
Colonial Settlement

The paper deals with one of the aspects of bird early ontogenesis biology - egg incubation duration, which was defined as the time interval between egg laying and hatching from it. The oomorphological parameters are determined taking into account the ordinal number of the laid eggs. Parameters of early ontogeny of birds are studied on the example of colonially nesting species: blackberry toadstool ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm.) and lake gull ( Larus ridibundus L.). Within the colonial settlement of these species, the biological center and the periphery of the colony were isolated. When studying the parameters of early ontogeny of birds and oomorphological characteristics, the same number of eggs was taken into account. During field and laboratory studies it was found that the incubation of eggs lasts longer in eggs from the nests of the biological center of the colony. The first eggs are incubated longer. These features clearly manifested in the early ontogeny of the gull. The increase in the egg incubation duration occurs against the background of an increase in their mass and a decrease in the concentration of lysozyme in the protein shell of the egg. Egg incubation duration is one of the results of embryonalization as a way of evolution of ontogeny. The manifestation of the results of embryogenesis was revealed for the first eggs in the nests of the biological center of the colony. Embryonalization leads to an increase in egg incubation duration as well as to a decrease in the intensity of elimination in early ontogenesis, which affects the number of individuals breeding in the colony and, accordingly, the structure of the colonial settlement of birds.

Exceptional preservation of a Late Cretaceous dinosaur nesting site from Mongolia reveals colonial nesting behavior in a non-avian theropod

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Tanaka ◽  
Yoshitsugu Kobayashi ◽  
Darla K. Zelenitsky ◽  
François Therrien ◽  
Yuong-Nam Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Exceptional Preservation ◽  
Colonial Nesting ◽  
Nesting Site ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lithologic Unit ◽  
Nesting Season

Abstract Colonial nesting behavior has been inferred in a variety of non-avian dinosaurs based on high concentrations of nests preserved in an area, but sedimentologic and taphonomic evidence demonstrating the contemporaneity of the nests is often lacking. A new nesting site discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Javkhlant Formation of the eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia, preserves at least 15 egg clutches laid by a probable non-avian theropod, and provides strong evidence for colonial nesting in a non-avian dinosaur. The occurrence of the clutches at the top of a common paleosurface, the distribution of eggshell fragments within clutches, the presence of a consistent two-layer sediment infill within eggs, and a thin marker lithologic unit blanketing all the clutches indicate the clutches were laid and hatched in a single nesting season. Despite the absence of sedimentologic evidence indicative of nest structure, statistical analyses of egg characteristics and facies association reveal the clutches were likely incubated in covered or buried nests. Based on the number of hatched clutches, the hatching success rate of the colony was high (60%), similar to that of extant crocodylian populations and bird species that attend and/or protect their nests during the incubation period, which indicates nest attendance behavior in the Javkhlant theropods. Thus, colonial nesting with parental attendance, widespread in extant birds, likely evolved initially among non-brooding, non-avian dinosaurs to increase nesting success.

Evidence for birth-site tenacity in breeding Common Black-headed Gulls, Larus ridibundus

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Caroline Prévot-Julliard ◽  
Roger Pradel ◽  
Jean-Dominique Lebreton ◽  
Frank Cézilly
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Habitat ◽  
Colonial Nesting ◽  
Larus Ridibundus ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Site Tenacity

We show that in a large colony of Common Black-headed Gulls (Larus ridibundus) in an unstable aquatic habitat, adults that return to their natal colony tend to breed in close proximity to their natal site. We discuss this finding in relation to potential benefits from colonial nesting.

scholarly journals Annual Mortality Limit for Four Gull Species in the Atlantic Flyway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
Mark E. Seamans ◽  
Chris Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Colonial Nesting ◽  
Atlantic Flyway ◽  
Laughing Gulls

Abstract We estimated the allowable annual take of great black-backed gulls Larus marinus, herring gulls L. argentatus, ring-billed gulls L. delawarensis, and laughing gulls Leucophaeus atricilla in the U.S. portion of the Atlantic Flyway to help meet human safety and resource management goals. Gulls can pose a serious threat to aviation, negatively impact other colonial-nesting migratory bird species, and conflict with other human activities. We estimated an annual take limit using a model that incorporated intrinsic population growth rate, minimum population size, and a recovery factor for each species. We estimated intrinsic population growth by combining allometric with life table approaches. We used the recovery factor to restrict the take level of the great black-backed gull beyond that of the other species because of poor data quality and concern about its population status. The herring gull was the only species with comprehensive demographic data. Population sizes used in estimating potential take limit varied greatly among the four species, but estimates of intrinsic population growth rate were similar (range 0.118 to 0.197). The annual potential take limits for the four gull species were 7,963 for herring gulls, 2,081 for great black-backed gulls, 15,039 for laughing gulls, and 14,826 for ring-billed gulls. Comparing average annual take from 2012–2019 to our modeled potential take limit, overharvest has not occurred for great black-backed and laughing gulls, occurred once every 8 y for ring-billed gulls, and occurred over half the time for herring gulls.

scholarly journals Physiological parameters of thrombocytes in piglets during phase of plant nutrition early ontogeny

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Zavalishina ◽  
E. S. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Hemostatic Activity ◽  
Important Regulator

A very important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the animal body is platelet hemostasis. The level of his activity very strongly determines the rheology of blood in the capillaries and due to this the state of metabolism in the tissues. There is reason to believe that the growth and development of piglets depends on the level of functional activity of platelets. For this reason, studies of the age-related dynamics of platelet activity in piglets at the end of early ontogenesis are of great importance. In the study, it was found that the piglets of plant nutrition showed an increase in the aggregation capacity of platelets (aggregation of their platelets was accelerated by ADP from 34.10.12 s to 27.60.12 s, with collagen from 24.70.08 s to 17.50.10 s, with thrombin from 36.50.08 s to 28.40.12 s). The main reason for this may be an intensification of the work of receptor and postreceptor mechanisms of platelets. This was characteristic of piglets during the phase of plant nutrition of early ontogenesis to the same extent with respect to strong and weak inducers of platelet aggregation. The increase in thromboxane synthesis in platelets (from 48.50.05% to 59.80.09%) was largely due to an increase in the activity of cyclooxygenase in them (from 78,40.06% to 89.80.12%) and thromboxane synthetase (from 69.20.07% to 81.50.07%) and activation of ADP secretion from them (from 46.00.13% to 56.90.15%). The increase in hemostatic activity of platelets in piglets during the phase of plant nutrition of early ontogeny should be considered an important regulator of their microcirculation and metabolism in tissues under existing conditions of existence.

ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ПЕРЦЕПТИВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ У РАННЬОМУ ОНТОГЕНЕЗІ: НА МЕЖІ НОРМАТИВІВ

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
Надія Когутяк
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Perceptual Representations ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Learning Development

Перцептивний розвиток вже у ранньому онтогенезі слідує певним закономірностям, відхилення від яких призводить до психічного патогенезу. Здатність до синтезу сенсорної інформації і у вітчизняній, і у зарубіжній психології визнається провідним чинником когнітивних та соціально-перцептивних здібностей. Теоретико-дедуктивним методом визначаються ключові закономірності розвитку перцептивних моделей. Зокрема: пластичність у детермінації перцепції від генетично заданого до інтеріоризованого; інтеграція та диференціація перцептивних моделей у процесі перцептивного навчання; розвиток перцепції від сенсомоторних до абстрактних моделей; від дискретності до системності і цілісності перцептивних репрезентацій. Обґрунтовується практичне значення конкретизації нормативних показників розвитку перцептивних закономірностей у ранньому онтогенезі. Визначаються перспективні напрямки розробки вказаної науково-практичної проблеми. Perceptual development at an early ontogenesis follows certain regularities, deviation from which leads to mental pathogenesis. The ability to synthesize sensory information and in domestic and foreign psychology recognizes the leading factor in cognitive and social-perceptual abilities. Theoretical and deductive method identifies key patterns of perceptual models. In particular: flexibility in the determination of perception given from genetically specified to internalization; integration and differentiation of perceptual patterns during perceptual learning; development of sensorimotor perception to abstract models; from discrete to the consistency and integrity of perceptual representations. Substantiated practical value specification standard indicators of perceptual patterns in early ontogeny. Identify promising areas of development of the specified scientific and practical problems.

scholarly journals Effects of overgrowing at Cerknica Polje (southern Slovenia) on breeding farmland birds/ Vpliv zaraščanja Cerkniškega polja (južna Slovenija) na gnezdilke kmetijske krajine

Acrocephalus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (162-163) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Dejan Bordjan ◽  
Ana Bordjan
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Farmland Birds ◽  
Wet Meadows ◽  
Sedge Warbler ◽  
Scattered Trees ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity

Abstract Agriculture has a great impact on biodiversity in Europe. Populations of farmland birds are declining due to both intensification and abandonment of agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of overgrowing on the diversity of birds at Cerknica Polje. Six vegetation types were identified on eight survey plots (15.2-31.6 ha each): Short grass - regularly mown wet meadows; Tall herbs - stands of Common Reed Phragmites australis and Reed Canary Grass Phalaris arundinacea; Sparse bushes - stands of low woody plants; Dense bushes - dense stands of bushes; Meadows with trees - mown meadows with scattered trees; Bushes with trees - hedges, trees and dense stands of bushes. In total, 34 species were registered. The heterogeneity of vegetation types correlated positively with the heterogeneity of bird species. The highest density of breeding territories and species was established in Bushes with trees, the lowest in Short grass. No species were registered in all vegetation types, and only Tree Pipit was recorded in five out of six types. Twelve species were registered in only one vegetation type. Cerknica Polje is an important breeding locality for species with the highest breeding density at the national level (e.g. Corncrake Crex crex, Curlew Numenius arquata, Skylark Alauda arvensis, Whinchat Saxicola rubetra, Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus). These species breed in specific habitats with different stages of succession. A managing plan for the area should therefore combine abandoned plots in different stages of succession and large regularly mown areas. Abandonment of agriculture at Cerknica Polje has led to the emergence of areas with bushes in different succession stages. Efforts should be directed at preserving large complexes of mown wet meadows.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in the reproductive success of Cacicus haemorrhous (Linnaeus) (Aves, Icterinae) in an Atlantic Forest reserve in Southeast Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Duca ◽  
Miguel Â. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Hatching Synchrony ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Colonial Bird

For colonial bird species, egg hatching synchrony has been considered an important factor in their reproductive success. The Red-rumped Cacique, Cacicus haemorrhous (Linnaeus, 1766), is a Passeriformes species (Icterinae) that reproduces in colonies in which groups of females lay their eggs at different periods during the reproductive season. The objective of this study was to evaluate if there was a variation in the reproductive success among C. haemorrhous females groups that lay eggs in different periods along the reproductive season. A total of 192 nests from four colonies were monitored at Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and used to calculate the nest survival probability in different periods (early and late) of the 2001 reproductive season. The results showed that females that reproduced at the beginning of the reproductive period had higher reproductive success than those that reproduced later. Predation was the main cause of nests loss (48,4%), and an increase in predation rate was observed as the reproductive period advanced.

scholarly journals Salmonella in Black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus); prevalence, genotypes and influence on Salmonella epidemiology

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PALMGREN ◽  
A. ASPÁN ◽  
T. BROMAN ◽  
K. BENGTSSON ◽  
L. BLOMQUIST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Larus Ridibundus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Animal Isolates

During a period of 3 years, 1998–2000, 1047 faecal swabs from Black-headed gulls were sampled at one location in Southern Sweden. Salmonella spp. was found in 28 individuals (2·7%) and the dominating serotype found was S. Typhimurium (83%). Twenty-five per cent of the Salmonella-infected gulls were later recaptured and re-sampled. We found that Salmonella infection in Black-headed gulls was of short duration, and that infection in this bird species was predominantly expressed as carriage without disease manifestations. All S. Typhimurium isolates were subjected to antibiotic resistance profiling and molecular characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and IS200 polymerase chain reaction. The S. Typhimurium gull isolates were compared to human and domestic animal isolates of the same serotype and phage type. We found genetic relatedness of S. Typhimurium DT195 isolates from gulls, domestic animals and humans, indicating that Black-headed gulls might play a role in the spread of S. Typhimurium in Sweden.

scholarly journals Wild Goose Chase: The Displacement of Influenza Research in the Fields of Poyang Lake, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle Fearnley
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Experimental Practice ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Domestic Bird ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Set Up

This article follows transnational avian influenza scientists as they move their experimental systems and research objects into what they refer to as the “epicenter” of flu pandemics, southern China. Based on the hypothesis that contact between wild and domestic bird species could produce new pandemic flu viruses, scientists set up a research program into the wild–domestic interface at China’s Poyang Lake. As influenza comes to be understood in terms of multispecies relations and ecologies in addition to the virus proper, the scientific knowledge of influenza is increasingly dependent on research conducted at particular sites, such as Poyang Lake. What does this movement of influenza research from laboratory to field mean for anthropological concepts of scientific knowledge? A widely shared premise among anthropologists is that scientific knowledge is made in experimental practice, but this practice turn in science studies draws largely from fieldwork inside laboratories. In this article, drawing on fieldwork with both influenza scientists and poultry breeders, I show how scientific research objects can be displaced by the practices of poultry breeders rather than by experimental practice itself. For these poultry breeders, refusing to respect the distinction of wild and domestic, were breeding wild birds.

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