Inhibition and working memory scores by gender, United States

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Memory

scholarly journals Contributing Towards a Cultural Neuropsychology Assessment Decision-Making Framework: Comparison of WAIS-IV Norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C Duggan ◽  
Lina Marcela Awakon ◽  
Cilia Carolina Loaiza ◽  
Mauricio A Garcia-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Score Distribution ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTest and normative data selection in cross-cultural neuropsychology remain a complex issue. Despite growing awareness, more studies and instruments are needed to adequately address the impact of cultural factors, such as quantity and quality of education. In this study, we examine the interpretive effects of applying six relevant WAIS-IV norms to a Colombian sample.MethodA sample of 305 highly educated Colombian corporate executives completed the WAIS-IV. Data were scored using norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada and scores were compared using ANOVA. Additionally, a comparative sociodemographic framework was established to contextualize our sample to the standardization samples and populations of the six countries.ResultsColombian and Chilean norms yielded systematically similar FSIQ/Index scores (mean range = 117–121), while incrementally lower scores were found with norms from Mexico (–3–9 points), Spain (–3–11 points), USA (–8–13 points), and Canada (–11–18 points). Verbal scores differed, with highest scores obtained with Mexican and Spanish norms. Working memory and processing speed scores had the lowest score agreement across norms.ConclusionsAlthough the Chilean norms are more frequently used in Colombia, the recently developed Colombian norms appear optimal for our sample; the scores do not have meaningful differences with those obtained with Chilean norms and offer local population representation fidelity. Mexican, Spanish, US, and Canadian norms underestimated WAIS-IV scores and distorted the sample’s score distribution. Finally, verbal scores highlight potential education representation within Spanish and Mexican norms, while working memory and processing speed scores suggest cultural nuances likely captured within different norms.

scholarly journals Working memory capacity predicts individual differences in social-distancing compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (30) ◽  
pp. 17667-17674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhen Xie ◽  
Stephen Campbell ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Distancing

Noncompliance with social distancing during the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a great challenge to the public health system. These noncompliance behaviors partly reflect people’s concerns for the inherent costs of social distancing while discounting its public health benefits. We propose that this oversight may be associated with the limitation in one’s mental capacity to simultaneously retain multiple pieces of information in working memory (WM) for rational decision making that leads to social-distancing compliance. We tested this hypothesis in 850 United States residents during the first 2 wk following the presidential declaration of national emergency because of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that participants’ social-distancing compliance at this initial stage could be predicted by individual differences in WM capacity, partly due to increased awareness of benefits over costs of social distancing among higher WM capacity individuals. Critically, the unique contribution of WM capacity to the individual differences in social-distancing compliance could not be explained by other psychological and socioeconomic factors (e.g., moods, personality, education, and income levels). Furthermore, the critical role of WM capacity in social-distancing compliance can be generalized to the compliance with another set of rules for social interactions, namely the fairness norm, in Western cultures. Collectively, our data reveal contributions of a core cognitive process underlying social-distancing compliance during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting a potential cognitive venue for developing strategies to mitigate a public health crisis.

Party Strength in the United States: Some Corrections

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. David
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Party Strength

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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