The Filling Evaluation of Lateral Canals in the Root Canal Obturation

A complexidade anatômica dos canais radiculares, por exemplo, sua forma, curvatura e diversidade da curvatura do raio, bem como a presença de istmo de alto índice e canais laterais, são fatores importantes a serem levados em consideração na terapia endodôntica. Assim, o objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o preenchimento total de canais laterais simulados com dois diferentes cimentos endodônticos. Foram utilizados 8 dentes anteriores extraídos por razões periodontais. Foram confeccionados canais laterais com uma broca carbide esférica ¼ a uma distância de 4 mm do ápice radicular. Em seguida, os dentes foram radiografados no sentido anteroposterior. Os canais radiculares destes dentes foram preparados utilizando-se de um sistema reciprocante 25.08 acionados por motor elétrico X Smart Plus até o comprimento de trabalho utilizando hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% como solução irrigante. Os dentes foram divididos em 2 grupos (n=4) de acordo com diferentes cimentos endodônticos (AH Plus ou Bio C Sealer). Os canais foram secos com pontas de papel absorvente, depois foram preenchidos com cone médio e diferentes cimentos endodônticos. O preenchimento total de canais laterais simulados foram avaliados a partir de novas radiografias digitais realizadas após obturação dos dentes. Os canais laterais simulados não foram completamente preenchidos, independentemente do cimento endodôntico utilizado, e os resultados demonstraram que os diferentes cimentos avaliados não preencheram os canais radiculares laterais simulados. Palavras-chave: Endodontia. Obturação do Canal Radicular. Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular. Abstract The anatomical complexity of root canals, for instance, their shape, curvature and radius curvature diversity, as well as the presence of high index isthmus and lateral canals are important factors to be taken into consideration in endodontic therapy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess complete filling of simulated lateral canals with two different endodontic cements. Eight anterior teeth extracted due to periodontal reasons were used in the experiment. Lateral canals were opened with ¼ spherical-shaped carbide drill 4 mm away from the root apex. Teeth were subjected to X-ray in anteroposterior position. The root canals of these teeth were prepared with the aid of a 25.08 reciprocating system in electrically driven motor X Smart Plus for its working length by using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as irrigating solution. The teeth were divided into 2 groups (n=4) according to different endodontic cements (AH Plus or Bio C Sealer). Root canals were dried with paper points, afterwards were filling with medium cone and different endodontic cements. The complete filling of simulated lateral canals was assessed based on new digital radiographs taken after teeth filling. The simulated lateral canals were not completely filled, regardless of the used endodontic cement. Results have shown that the different assessed cements did not fill the simulated lateral root canals. Keywords: Endodontics. Root Canal Filling. Root Canal Sealer Materials.

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Effect of different rotary instrumentation techniques and thermoplastic filling on apical sealing

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572004000100016 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 89-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽

Devanir de Araújo Cervi ◽

Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽

Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Root Canals ◽

Working Length ◽

Ah Plus

The aim of this study was to evaluate apical sealing after root canal treatment using two different rotary instrumentation techniques and two thermoplastic root canal filling techniques. The study was performed in 115 human extracted mandibular premolars. After coronary access the apical foramen was opened with a # 15 K file 1 mm beyond the apex. Cleaning and shaping was subsequently carried out at the working length, 1 mm from the apex, with ProFile .04/.06 system (Dentsply/Maillefer), Quantec (Analytic Endodontics/Kerr) or by the step-back technique with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution as irrigating solution. The root canals were filled with Thermafil (Dentsply/Maillefer) or Microseal (Analytic Endodontics/Kerr) or by lateral condensation technique using AH Plus sealer (epoxy type). The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue under vacuum. Then, they were longitudinally sectioned. The results showed that the association of Profile and Thermafil Plus provide the best results (p<0.05). In conclusion, the association of different rotary instrumentation techniques and different filling systems influenced the apical sealing.

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Comparison of the Effects of a Bioceramic and Conventional Resin-Based Sealers on Postoperative Pain after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2661

Author(s):

Kiche Shim ◽

Young-Eun Jang ◽

Yemi Kim

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Root Canal ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Group 2

Background: This clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of bioceramic sealer and resin-based sealer on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. Methods: Patients with anterior teeth or premolars requiring root canal treatment were assigned to group 1 (n = 51). Those with molars requiring treatment were assigned to group 2 (n = 57). In groups 1En and 2En, root canals were obturated with Endoseal MTA using the single-cone technique. In groups 1AH and 2AH, the sealer used was AH Plus with the continuous wave technique. On the day of canal filling, each patient was instructed to indicate their pain intensity over the 7 day postoperative period, at rest and, while biting, using a visual analog scale. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence or intensity of postoperative pain between the Endoseal MTA and AH Plus groups during the 7 day postoperative period (p > 0.05). Less time was needed to seal the root canals with Endoseal MTA, especially in group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Endoseal MTA and AH Plus had similar effects on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. The obturation time was shorter when using Endoseal MTA compared to AH Plus.

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Radiographic and scanning electron microscopic assessment of root canal filling remnants after endodontic re-instrumentation

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2017.v20i1.1325 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luciane Geanini Pena Santos ◽

Wilson Tadeu Felippe ◽

Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes Souza ◽

Andrea Cristina Konrath ◽

Mabel Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Root Canal ◽

Filling Material ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Root Canals ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Endodontic Retreatment ◽

Scanning Electron

Objective: Failures in endodontic treatment may occur by several reasons. Endodontic retreatment is an interesting alternative to manage this clinical problem. However, it is not possible to completely remove the root canal filling by any current retreatment technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of residual root canal filling materials after endodontic re-instrumentation. Material and Methods: Sixty extracted anterior human teeth were prepared by step-back technique with Flexofiles, K-files and Gates-Glidden (GG) burs. Between the use of each file or bur, root canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Smear layer was removed by irrigation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and NaOCl. After drying with paper points the root canals were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12), according to filling material: Resilon cones/Real Seal sealer or gutta-percha cones and Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus or MTA Fillapex sealers. After one week, root canal fillings were removed using Eucaliptol and K-files. Root canals were re-instrumented with K-files and GG burs sized larger than the first ones. The removal of root canal filling material was analyzed by radiography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Binary Logistic Regression test (P < 0.05). Results: Radiographic and SEM analysis showed that material from the MTA Fillapex group was better removed than that from Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus and Real Seal groups. Conclusion: After re-instrumentation, MTA Fillapex group showed less remnants into the root canals than Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus and Real Seal groups. Residual material was most often found in the apical third.Keywords Dental radiography; Endodontic retreatment; Root canal filling materials; Scanning electron microscopy.

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Effect of a sonic device on bonding of fiberglass posts to root canals

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v17i0.8654177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. e18924

Author(s):

Marina de Almeida Salim ◽

Thais Mageste Duque ◽

Heloisa Carla Dell Santo Gusman ◽

Carolina Oliveira de Lima ◽

Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Root Dentin ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Adhesive Cement

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of a sonic device on the bonding of fiberglass posts cemented with a self-etching adhesive combined with conventional cement or a self-adhesive cement to root dentin. Methods: Forty single-rooted bovine incisors were endodontically prepared using a step-back technique. Gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer were used for root canal filling, combined with a thermoplasticization technique. After 1 week, the post space was prepared and the roots were divided into four groups according to the following factors: adhesive system/resin cement (Ambar/ AllCem Core [FGM] and RelyX U200 [3M]) and application mode (manual or sonic). The posts were cemented and the roots were cut into discs and submitted to push-out bond strength (POBS) test. The failure mode was evaluated using a stereoscope at 25x magnification. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: The sonically activated RelyX U200 group was superior to the other groups. RelyX U200 manually applicated showed similar results to those of sonically activated Âmbar/AllCem. These three groups outperformed the Âmbar/AllCem manually applicated group. Adhesive failure between dentin and resin cement was the most predominant pattern. Conclusion: Sonic application of self-etching adhesive and self-adhesive cement improved the POBS of fiber posts to the root canal.

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Technical Quality and Associated Iatrogenic Errors of Endodontic Treatments Performed in Extracted Anterior Single-Rooted Teeth by Preclinical Undergraduate Students

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.1515/bjdm-2015-0042 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 96-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Konstantinos Dervenis ◽

Andreas Koutroulis ◽

Georgios Chatzopoulos ◽

Vasileios Kapralos

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Root Canal ◽

Technical Quality ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Root Canal Instrumentation

SUMMARYAim: To evaluate technical quality of root canal treatments performed in extracted anterior single-rooted teeth in an undergraduate dental clinic, and to record the associated iatrogenic errors.Material and Method: 287 root canal treatments performed by 114 preclinical undergraduate students in extracted anterior teeth at the Department of Endodontology were radiographically evaluated, based on the following parameters: access cavity dimensions and direction, root canal instrumentation, and root canal filling quality.Results: The access cavity was found of adequate dimensions in 28.9% and straight in direction in 71.1% of the material. Erroneous position, overextension of the access cavity and non-straight access were noted in 39.7 %, 21.6% and 28.9% of the cases, respectively. The frequency of ledged root canals was 10.1%, while 84.7% of the teeth had no instrumentation related iatrogenic errors. Regarding root canal filling, incomplete density apically and technical inadequacies in the middle and cervical thirds were observed in 76.3% and 82.3% of the cases. The percentage of flawless endodontic treatments was 3.1%.Conclusions: Most of the endodontic treatments evaluated were classified unacceptable. Inadequate root canal filling density in the middle and cervical third and ledge formation were the most common faults.

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The Tubular Penetration Depth and Adaption of Four Sealers: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/2946524 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Huan Chen ◽

Xinyuan Zhao ◽

Yu Qiu ◽

Dengyou Xu ◽

Li Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Penetration Depth ◽

Root Canal ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Adaptation Capacity ◽

Root Canals ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Maximum Penetration ◽

Scanning Electron

Background. The tubular penetration and adaptation of the sealer are important factors for successful root canal filling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tubular penetration depth of four different sealers in the coronal, middle, and apical third of root canals as well as the adaptation of these sealers to root canal walls. Materials and Methods. 50 single-rooted teeth were prepared in this study. Forty-eight of them were filled with different sealers (Cortisomol, iRoot SP, AH-Plus, and RealSeal SE) and respective core filling materials. Then the specimens were sectioned and scanning electron microscopy was employed to assess the tubular penetration and adaptation of the sealers. Results. Our results demonstrated that the maximum penetration was exhibited by RealSeal SE, followed by AH-Plus, iRoot SP, and Cortisomol. As regards the adaptation property to root canal walls, AH-Plus has best adaptation capacity followed by iRoot SP, RealSeal SE, and Cortisomol. Conclusion. The tubular penetration and adaptation vary with the different sealers investigated. RealSeal SE showed the most optimal tubular penetration, whereas AH-Plus presented the best adaptation to the root canal walls.

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Bacterial leakage assessment in root canals sealed with AH Plus sealer modified with silver nanoparticles

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01924-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farzaneh Afkhami ◽

Shifteh Nasri ◽

Sara Valizadeh

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Root Canal ◽

Study Groups ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Root Canals ◽

Leakage Resistance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Bacterial Leakage ◽

Negative Controls

Abstract Background Successful endodontic therapy requires prevention of bacterial leakage between the root canal filing and root-canal walls. Sealing quality of a root canal filling depends strongly on the sealing ability of the sealer used. The present study aimed to evaluate the bacterial leakage resistance of AH Plus sealer modified with silver nanoparticles. Methods Forty sound teeth were obturated using lateral compaction technique except for five teeth as the negative controls. After considering five teeth as the positive controls (filled without sealer), the remaining teeth were assigned to two groups (n = 15) in terms of the sealer used (AH Plus sealer and silver nanoparticle-modified AH Plus). Bacterial leakage was evaluated in saliva using the two-chamber technique in every 24 h. When all the samples in the test groups were contaminated, the study was terminated. The data were analyzed with log-rank statistical test. Results All samples in both experimental groups were contaminated during the 3-months period of observation. There was no significant difference in contamination time between study groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Silver nanoparticles used in tested concentration did not improve the bacterial leakage resistance of AH Plus sealer.

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Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy, Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste and Calcium Hydroxide on Root Canals Infected With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.15171/jlms.2019.s5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. S23-S29 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Asnaashari ◽

Mohammad Jafar Eghbal ◽

Amirali Sahba Yaghmayi ◽

Mehdi Shokri ◽

Saranaz Azari-Marhabi

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽

Working Length

Introduction: A pivotal issue to achieve success in the treatment of the root canal is root canal disinfection. One of the most important bacteria that infect the root canal is Enterococcus faecalis. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of 3 methods for disinfecting the root canal: photodynamic therapy, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and calcium hydroxide. Methods: Sixty-two single-rooted extracted anterior teeth were collected. After cleaning and disinfecting the teeth, their crowns were cut at the CEJ point. The root canals were shaped to the working length up to file F3 ProTaper (F1, F2, F3). EDTA 17% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% were used for 5 minutes to wash and remove the smear layer, and then the apical foramen was sealed using composite. After that, the teeth were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Then 10 samples were taken randomly as the negative control. The remaining samples were immersed and cultivated in a suspension containing E. faecalis for 21 days. Then the samples were divided into 5 groups: 2 positive control groups, 1 group treated with the antibiotic paste with the concentration of 1 mg/mL, 1 group treated with calcium hydroxide, and 1 group treated with photodynamic therapy. Then, to collect the biofilm, the ProTaper file F4 was used. After that, the microbial suspension was provided and counting the colonies was carried out to compare the groups. Results: The findings indicated that the amount of CFU/mg of MTAP samples, including clindamycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin in the concentration of 1 mg/mL and photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide was lower than that in the control group. Antibiotic paste cleansed the root canal up to 99.9%. Photodynamic therapy reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 98.8%, and calcium hydroxide reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 94.13%. Conclusion: Using photodynamic therapy causes a reduction in the biofilm and inhibits the growth of the E. faecalis bacterium. In addition, in this study, MTAP with a concentration of 1 mg/mL was used, which expunged the bacteria completely. Meanwhile, calcium hydroxide had the weakest effect of all on the E. faecalis bacterium.

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Histological analysis of the periapical tissues of dog deciduous teeth after root canal filling with diferent materials

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572005000300021 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sueli Satomi Murata ◽

Roberto Holland ◽

Valdir de Souza ◽

Eloi Dezan Junior ◽

Juliana Aguiar de Grossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

The Other ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference

The problem of finding an ideal material for filling root canals of deciduous teeth has not been solved yet. This fact led to the development of an experiment to histologically analyze the periapical tissue reaction to 3 root canal filling materials. Eighty root canals of dog deciduous anterior teeth from 6 animals, 60 days old, were used in this study. After biomechanical preparation, the root canals were filled with the following materials: slowly resorbable Maisto paste, Sealer 26 with iodoform, L&C paste (calcium hydroxide with olive oil) and as a control group, canals that were prepared but not filled. At thirty days after the treatment the animals were killed and the teeth prepared for histological analysis. The materials were ranked statistically from the best to the worst as follows: a - Maisto paste, b - Sealer 26 with iodoform, c - control group, d - L&C paste. There was significant difference (p = 0.01) only when the results of the other groups were compared with the L&C paste group. It was also observed that L&C paste was not biologically compatible and that the other materials were biocompatible but their resorption was not at the same rate as that of the deciduous teeth roots.

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Evaluation of Threshold Values for Root Canal Filling Voids in Micro-CT and Nano-CT Images

Scanning ◽

10.1155/2018/9437569 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kaan Orhan ◽

Reinhilde Jacobs ◽

Berkan Celikten ◽

Yan Huang ◽

Karla de Faria Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Ct Images ◽

Void Volume ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Voxel Size ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Post Hoc

While several materials and techniques have been used to assess the quality of root canal fillings in micro-CT images, the lack of standardization in scanning protocols has produced conflicting results. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine a cutoff voxel size value for the assessment of root canal filling voids in micro-CT and nano-CT images. Twenty freshly extracted mandibular central incisors were used. Root canals were prepared with nickel titanium files to an ISO size 40/0.06 taper and then filled with a single cone (40/0.06 taper) and AH Plus sealer. The teeth were scanned with different voxel sizes with either micro-CT (5.2, 8.1, 11.2, and 16.73 μm) or nano-CT (1.5 and 5.0 μm) equipment. Images were reconstructed and analyzed with the NRecon and CTAn software. Void proportion and void volume were calculated for each tooth in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of the root canal. Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann–Whitney U tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. In micro-CT images, significantly different results were detected among the tested voxel sizes for void proportion and void volume, whereas no such differences were found in nano-CT images (p>0.05). Micro-CT images showed higher void numbers over the entire root length, with statistically significant differences between the voxel size of 16.73 μm and the other sizes (p<0.05). The values of the different nano-CT voxel sizes did not significantly differ from those of the micro-CT (5.2, 8.1, and 11.2 μm), except for the voxel size of 16.73 μm (p<0.05). All tested voxel sizes enabled the detection of root canal filling voids except for the voxel size of 16.73 μm. Bearing in mind the limitations of this study, it seems that a voxel size of 11.2 μm can be used as a reliable cutoff value for the assessment of root canal filling voids in micro-CT imaging.

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