Challenges of Statins in HIV Hyperlipidemia
As a result of access to potent antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected adults with virologic suppression are living longer, but unfortunately are at increased risk for developing comorbid conditions. It is postulated that this increased risk seen at all ages is partly due to the effects of viral-mediated chronic inflammation in addition to the traditional risk factors. One of the more common traditional risk factors, hyperlipidemia, may be worsened by ART. However, the benefits of ART greatly outweigh the possible negative effects of ART agents on lipid parameters. As the HIV-infected patient population ages, it is critical to control hyperlipidemia in ART-treated patients in order to reduce the risk for long-term cardiovascular complications. If hyperlipidemia cannot be managed through lifestyle modifications, clinical guidelines recommend the use of lipid-lowering medication, particularly HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins), to reduce low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol. However, many ART agents inhibit or induce major metabolic pathways of statins, creating potentially serious drug–drug interactions. In this article, we present a review of the various challenges in managing hyperlipidemia with a focus on drug–drug interactions.