scholarly journals Maize (Zea mays) Intercropping with Legumes Enhances Growth, Dry Matter and its Forage Yield under Deficit Irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fodder Crops

Climate change is one of the serious threats to agriculture and livestock. Climate change induced and reduced water shortage lowers production of food and fodder crops. In order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on forage yield of maize (Zea mays L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), and guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) grown as sole or intercropping of maize with cowpea and guar, the fields experiments were conducted during spring 2016 and 2017 in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement. These crops were further exposed to water deficit by skipping irrigation at crop stages following maize growth scale at 15 days (V4), 30 days (V6), 45 days (V9), and 60 days (V12) after sowing along with normal irrigation. Maize intercropped with guar had maximum leaf area, plant height land equivalent ratio and monetary advantage index at normal irrigation but did not differ significantly under deficit irrigation. Thus, maize intercropped with guar was found more productive and beneficial with respect to sole under deficit irrigation. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Effect of Intercropping Dates of Lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) with Maize (Zea mays L.) on Forage and Maize Grain Yields

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Meseret Redae ◽  
Desta Tekle
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Maize Grain

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of intercropping dates of lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) with maize (Zea mays L.) on forage and maize grain yields. It was carried out at Gereb Giba in Tanqua Abergelle district, Tigray, Ethiopia. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and four replications were used. The treatments were sole maize sown (T1) and lablab sown at 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence of maize for T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Intercropping did not affect height and days for 50% flowering of lablab. Similarly, it was not affected height and days for physiological maturity of maize. Lablab forage yield was significantly greater (p<0.01) in T2 and T3 than T4. Maize Stover dry matter (DM) yield was similar among treatments while total forage DM yield was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in T2, T3 and T4 than T1. Moreover, among the intercrops, total forage yield was significantly highest (p<0.0001) for T2 compared to T4 but similar in T2 and T3. Maize grain yield was significantly superior (P<0.0001) in T2 and T3 compared to T1 and T4. Though, T2 and T3 had similarity in all parameters measured, T2 provided higher forage and maize grain yields than T1 and T4. Therefore, lablab intercropping at 10 days after emergence of maize is appropriate in Tanqua Abergelle district and other areas with similar agro ecologies.

scholarly journals MANEJO DA ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA E POTÁSSICA NO CULTIVO SUCESSIVO DE MILHO E SORGO PARA SILAGEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
CLOVIS ORLANDO DA ROS ◽  
JUNIOR MELO DAMIAN ◽  
MARCIA MATSUOKA ◽  
GUTIÉRRI LOURENÇO CAMPOS ◽  
FELIPE BONINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

RESUMO – O manejo da adubação nas culturas de sorgo e milho para a silagem com base na quantidade exportada denutrientes é uma alternativa para manter a produtividade de biomassa em áreas com teores “muito altos” dos elementosno solo. Diante disso, o trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar a reposição de P e K e a variação dos nutrientes nosolo em área de cultivo sucessivo de milho e sorgo para silagem. Foram implantados dois experimentos com cincocultivos sucessivos entre os anos de 2013 e 2016 (três cultivos de milho e dois de sorgo). O delineamento foi de blocoscasualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram doses de 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de P2O5 no experimentoI, e 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 de K2O no experimento II, aplicadas em cada cultivo. O balanço de nutrientes no sistemade cultivo de milho e sorgo indicou 95,3 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 297,3 kg ha-1 de K2O para contrabalançar as exportações dosnutrientes, equivalendo à reposição de 5,2 kg de P2O5 e 15,7 kg de K2O por megagrama de matéria seca produzida. Ouso das doses de reposição durante cinco cultivos sucessivos das forrageiras manteve a disponibilidade de P próximoe de K acima dos teores originais na camada de 0-20 cm.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor L., forragem, exportação de nutrientes. MANAGEMENT OF PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATIONIN THE SUCCESSIVE CULTIVATION OF CORN AND SORGHUM FOR SILAGEABSTRACT – Fertilization management in sorghum and corn crops for silage based on the exported amount ofnutrients is an alternative to maintain the productivity of biomass in areas with “very high” levels of the elements in thesoil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to quantify the replacement of P and K and the nutrient variation in thesoil in a successive corn and sorghum silage area. Two experiments were carried out with five successive crops from2013 to 2016 (three maize and two sorghum crops). The experiment used a randomized complete block design withfour replications. The treatments were 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the experiment I and 0, 30, 60, 90 and120 kg ha-1 K2O in the experiment II, applied to each crop. The nutrient balance in the maize and sorghum successionsystem indicated 95.3 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 297.3 kg ha-1 of K2O to compensate the exports of nutrients, corresponding tothe need to replace 5.2 kg of P2O5 and 15.7 kg of K2O per megagram of dry matter produced. The use of replenishmentrates during five successive fodder crops maintained the availability of P near and K above the original contents in the0-20 cm layer.Keywords: Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor L., Moench., forage, nutrient export.

scholarly journals Application of Bromoxynil+MCPA+Metribuzin at Varied Doses for Broad-Spectrum Weed Control in Forage Maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Asif Tanveer ◽  
Muhammad Atif Bilal ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Tasawer Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Weed control is one of the crucial factors to achieve higher yield of good quality forage maize. A field trial was conducted during summer 2013 to investigate the effect of bromoxynil+MCPA+metribuzin (Valent 470 EW pre mixed formulation) application at varied doses to control weeds in forage maize (Zea mays L.) at Agronomy Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Application of  bromoxynil+MCPA+metribuzin @ 470, 528.75 and 587.50 g a.i/ha was made after emergence of weedsand crop. A check with no application and hand hoeing was included for comparison. The experiment was conducted with four replications under randomized complete block design. The data regarding the weed parameters, yield and yield components of maize were recorded. The results revealed that among the herbicide treatments minimum weed density (three weeks after sowing 35.75 m2 and at harvest 12.25/m2) and dry biomass (20.80 g/m2) was observed with the application of bromoxynil+MCPA+metribuzin @ 587.50 g a.i./ha. Same herbicidal treatment caused significant increase in plant height (248.75 cm), stem diameter (1.45 cm), fresh weight (467.25g) and forage yield (31.47%) of maize. Therefore, use ofbromoxynil+MCPA+metribuzin @ 587.50 g a.i./ha is the best option to manage broad leaved as well as grassy weeds in forage maize to get higher yield of forage . 

DISTRIBUSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI POPULASI SINTRONG (Crossocephalum crepidiodes.Benth) RESISTEN PARAKUAT PADA LAHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Berton Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Crassocephalum crepidioides on Cornfields in Dairi Regency had been reported tobecome more difficult to control using paraquat. The objective of the research was todetermine the characteristics and the distribution of C.crepidioides resistant to paraquatin cornfields. The experiment was carried out in two steps, the first step was screeningthe population of C. crepidioides with paraquat at the recommended dose, and the secondstep, dose-response experiment for the resistance level of C. crepidioides population withdose 0, 76, 152, 304,5, 609, 1218, and 2436 g.ai /ha. In the first step experiment, paraquatdichloride was applied at 280 g.ai/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replication. The second step experiment was that the resistant populationsconfirmed in the first experiment were sprayed for their dose-response. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD). The results showed thatof 30 populations of C. crepidiodes, 19 populations (63.3%) were categorized to beresistant with the mortality ranging from 10.84% to 52.08%, and 11 populations (36.7%),was categorized as high resistance with mortality of 0% to 9.21%. The level ofresistance (R/S) of R-C25, R-C27, and R-C30 populations of C. crepidioides were 12,3,14,86, and 24,83 times consecutively, compared with the susceptible population. Thenumber of C. crepidioides chlorophyl leaves in susceptible populations was significantlylower than that of a resistant populations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of intercropping systems in spring maize with sunflower and urdbean in North Western plain of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bhatnagar ◽  
MS Pal
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
North Western ◽  
Equivalent Yield

A field experiment was conducted for two years (2007 and 2008) at the G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, to study the productivity, biological efficiency and economics of intercropping in spring maize (Zea mays L.) with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) under different spatial arrangements. The experiment consisting of ten treatments i.e. three sole crops (maize, sunflower and urdbean), six replacement intercropping system of maize with each sunflower and urdbean in row ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 and one additive intercropping system of maize with urdbean in row ratios of 1+1 was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The intercropping system of maize with urdbean in row ratio (1+1) was found beneficial over sole cropping of maize and gave the maximum maize-equivalent yield (5847 kg ha-1), land-equivalent ratio (1.36) and net return (Rs.13420 ha-1). Intercropping of maize in replacement arrangement was not productive and advantageous than respective sole crops. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21110 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 26-32 (2014)

scholarly journals Evaluation of nitrogen (Urea) on Zea mays L. under Balkh province climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Nasratullah Habibi ◽  
Friba Sikandari
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Effect On Yield

An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of urea fertilizer on yield and yield components of Zea mays L. Using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) split plots in three replications in agricultural research farm of Balkh University by 2019. Doses of urea used in this experiment were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha-1 , respectively. It has been found that amount of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) had significant effect on yield of maize at p<0.05. The higher level of nitrogen caused the higher grain yield, number of kernels per ear, the number of grains per ear row, ear diameter, cob length, grain per plant and plant height. As a result 7.76 ton ha-1 was recorded as high yield while 240 kg ha-1 urea was used, and 5.12 ton ha-1 was recorded as low yield in treatment one with 0 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. Finally, as a result using 240 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended.

Assessment of Wood Ash Application on Yield Advantage Indices of Maize and Lima Beans in an Intercrop

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Ajala ◽  
M. A. Awodun ◽  
A. J. Adeyemo ◽  
B. F. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Lima Beans ◽  
Competition Indices

Alternate planting combinations of maize (Zea mays L.) with lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) using wood ash as soil amendments were compared with the sole planting of each crop during the late 2014  and early 2015 planting seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure. The experiment in each season adopted three patterns of intercropping using ash as a soil amendment and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment comprised 10 treatments: Sole planting of maize amended, sole planting of maize unamended, sole planting of lima beans amended and sole planting of lima beans unamended. Others were; 75:25 maize-lima beans amended, 75:25 maize-lima beans unamended, 50:50 maize-lima beans amended, 50:50 maize-lima beans unamended, 25:75 maize-lima beans amended and 25:75 maize-lima beans unamended. Wood ash was applied two weeks after planting at the rate of 2.4 kg (4 tons per hectare) to each plot. The combined yield advantage in terms of land equivalent ratio (LER) indices was greatest (1.95) in the case of 3 rows of maize and 1row of lima beans intercropping arrangements. Competition indices (CR) for all crops in all intercropping arrangements were more than 0.1 indicating that both crops were equally competitive.  However, crop aggressivity (A) showed that maize was more dominant than lima beans due to plant population. Costs and returns analysis revealed that maize and lima beans intercropping at all proportions were more profitable than their corresponding monocrops.

ARRANJO POPULACIONAL PARA A VARIEDADE UENF-14 DE MILHO PIPOCA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
CÁSSIO VITORAZZI ◽  
ANTONIO TEIXEIRA AMARAL JÚNIOR ◽  
LILIAM SILVIA CANDIDO ◽  
ISMAEL LOURENÇO DE JESUS FREITAS ◽  
THIAGO RODRIGUES DA CONCEIÇÃO SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Janeiro State

 RESUMO - A adequação do arranjo populacional está entre as técnicas que podem maximizar a produtividade da cultura do milho. Daí a importância das pesquisas que buscam estudar o desempenho de cultivares de milho e milhos especiais, a fim de determinar o arranjo de plantas ideal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da variedade UENF-14, de milho pipoca, cultivada em diferentes arranjos populacionais, na safra e safrinha, para otimizar a recomendação fitotécnica para os produtores rurais do Norte Fluminense. Foram instalados dois experimentos em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. Um na safrinha 2011 utilizando a variedade UENF-14 e o híbrido experimental P2 x P9, e o outro na safra 2011-2012, com a variedade UENF-14 e o híbrido comercial IAC-112. O delineamento experimental, nos dois experimentos, foi o de blocos casualizados arranjados em parcelas subsubdivididas, em que as parcelas foram compostas pelos genótipos, as subparcelas constituídas pelos espaçamentos entre linhas de semeadura (0,45, 0,60 e 0,90 m) e as subsubparcelas compostas pelas densidades de plantas (60.000, 75.000 e 90.000 plantas ha-1). A UENF-14 apresentou desempenho superior aos híbridos, demonstrando seu potencial para cultivo na região Norte Fluminense. Houve aumento do rendimento de grãos com a diminuição do espaçamento entre linhas de plantio. Para a variedade UENF-14, a redução do espaçamento entre linhas de plantio foi vantajosa para a produção de grãos, independentemente da época de semeadura.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., densidade de semeadura, espaçamento entre linhas, épocas de semeadura.  POPULATION ARRANGEMENT FOR THE VARIETY OF POPCORN UENF-14 ABSTRACT - The adequacy of the maize population arrangement is among the most important techniques for obtaining higher yields. Therefore, many researchers have been conducting an attempt to study the performance of corn and specialty corn. The objective was to evaluate the performance of the popcorn variety UENF-14 in different population arrangements, in the harvest season and off-season. Two experiments were carried out in Campos dos Goytacazes, North of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, in the off-season 2011, using the UENF-14 variety and the experimental hybrid P2 x P9, and in the season 2011-2012 using UENF-14 and the commercial hybrid IAC-112. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with split plots, in which plots were composed by popcorn genotypes, the subplots consisting of three spacings between sowing lines (0.45, 0.60 and 0.90 m) and the subsubplots composed of three plants per hectare densities (60,000, 75,000 and 90,000 plants.ha-1). The variety UENF-14 presented higher performance than the hybrids, demonstrating its potential for recommendation to the North of Rio de Janeiro State. There was an increase of grain yield by reducing the spacing between the plants rows. The cultivation of the variety UENF-14 reducing the spacing between rows was advantageous for grain production, regardless of planting date.Keywords: Zea mays L., densities of plants, spacing between rows, sowing times.

scholarly journals Rendimiento de la planta de frijol caupí [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] y calidad nutricional en los sistemas de cultivo intercalado de frijol caupí y sorgo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-418
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Zahoor Ahmad ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Junaid Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Strip Intercropping

In traditional row and strip cowpea-sorghum intercropping systems, cowpea forage yield reduces significantly due to intense competition and dominance of sorghum in acquiring growth resources. This field study evaluated novel mixed strip intercropping systems of forage cowpea and sorghum having different number of crops rows arranged under different spatial arrangements. Cowpea was intercropped with sorghum in 8, 12 and 16 rows strips with row-row spacing of 30, 45 and 60 cm. In each strip, equal number of rows of cowpea and sorghum were maintained. Factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design with three replicates was used to execute the field trials during summer seasons of 2013 and 2014. Strips having 12 rows and 60 cm row-row spacing positively affected all agronomic variables of cowpea which led to maximum forage yield (22.2 and 23.7 t ha-1 during 2013 and 2014 respectively) and dry matter biomass (6.63 and 6.94 t ha-1 during 2013 and 2014 respectively). In contrast, 8-rows strips having line spacing of 30 cm outperformed other intercropping systems by yielding the maximum herbage yield and dry matter biomass of sorghum. The intercropping system comprising of 12-rows strips with 60 cm row-row spacing remained superior in recording the maximum crude protein, fats and total ash along with the minimum fiber content of cowpea. In addition, this intercropping system under rest of spatial arrangements also remained unmatched, while 16-rows strips under all planting geometries remained inferior to other intercropping systems. Thus, cowpea intercropping with sorghum in 12-rows strips having 60 cm spacing offers biologically viable solution to improve biomass and forage quality of cowpea in intercropping with sorghum.

scholarly journals Effects of Intra-Row Spacing of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Frequency of Weeding on Yields of Maize-Sesame Intercrop in Makurdi, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Michael Ojore Ijoyah ◽  
J.A. Idoko ◽  
T. Iorlamen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted from July to October, during 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons, at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of intra-row spacing of sesame and frequency of weeding on yields of maize-sesame intercrop. The trial was a 3 x 3 factorial experiment fitted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Nine of the treatments consisted of intercropped maize with sesame sown at the intra-row spacing of 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm, and at the varied weeding frequencies: maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots weeded once (1x) at 3 weeks after planting (WAP); maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots weeded twice (2x) at 3 and 6 WAP; maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots not weeded (NW). Sole sesame and sole maize respectively sown at their recommended intra-row spacing of 10 cm and 30 cm and at their recommended frequency of weeding (2x at 3 and 6 WAP) constituted the tenth and eleventh treatments, which also served as control plots. The results obtained showed that in a maize-sesame intercrop, increasing intra-row spacing of sesame up to 20 cm, on plots weeded 2x at 3 and 6 WAP, significantly (P≤0.05) produced the highest intercrop yields of maize and sesame. This level of treatment not only recorded the lowest competitive pressure, but gave the highest total intercrop yields, highest land equivalent coefficient values (1.01 and 1.13 respectively, in years 2012 and 2013), indicating the highest yield advantage, and highest land equivalent ratio (LER) values of 2.11 and 2.25 respectively recorded for years 2012 and 2013. With these LER values, 52.6 % and 55.6 % of land were respectively saved in years 2012 and 2013, which could be used for other agricultural purposes. The implication of study showed that, to maximize intercrop yields of maize and sesame in a maize-sesame intercrop, the appropriate intra-row spacing for sesame is 20 cm, while the optimal frequency of weeding is 2x at 3 and 6 WAP. This should therefore, be recommended for Makurdi location, Nigeria.

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