scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Salt Stress Response in Roots of Halophyte Zoysia macrostachya

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 591-600
Author(s):  
Huaguang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Sequencing Platform

Zoysia macrostachya Franch. et Sav. is a halophyte with very strong tolerance to salinity, which can serve as an alternative turfgrass for landscaping in saline-alkali land and provide the salt-tolerance genes for turfgrass breeding. To further illustrate the salt-tolerance mechanisms in this species at molecular level, the roots transcriptome of Z. macrostachya was investigated under salt stress using the Illumina sequencing platform. Altogether 47,325 unigenes were assembled, among which, 32,542 (68.76%) were annotated, and 87.61% clean reads were mapped to the unigenes. Specifically, 14,558 unigenes were shown to be the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following exposure to 710 mM NaCl stress compared with control, including 7972 up-regulated and 6586 down-regulated DEGs. Among these DEGs, 24 were associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, 61 were found to be related to K+ and Na+ transportation, and 16 were related to the metabolism of osmotic adjustment substances. Additionally, 2327 DEGs that encoded the transcription factors (TFs) were also identified. The expression profiles for 10 DEGs examined through quantitative real-time PCR conformed to the individual alterations of transcript abundance verified through RNA-Seq. Taken together, results of transcriptome analysis in this study provided useful insights for salt-tolerance molecular mechanisms of Z. macrostachya. Furthermore, these DEGs under salt stress provided important clues for future salt-tolerance genes cloning of Z. macrostachya. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis and functional identification of GmMYB46 in soybean seedlings under salt stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12492
Author(s):  
Xun Liu ◽  
Xinxia Yang ◽  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress that limits crop growth and productivity. We investigated the transcriptomes of salt-treated soybean seedlings versus a control using RNA-seq to better understand the molecular mechanisms of the soybean (Glycine max L.) response to salt stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1,235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under salt stress. Several important pathways and key candidate genes were identified by KEGG enrichment. A total of 116 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were identified, and 17 TFs were found to belong to MYB families. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these TFs may be involved in salt stress adaptation. Further analysis revealed that GmMYB46 was up-regulated by salt and mannitol and was localized in the nucleus. The salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing GmMYB46 was significantly enhanced compared to wild-type (WT). GmMYB46 activates the expression of salt stress response genes (P5CS1, SOD, POD, NCED3) in Arabidopsis under salt stress, indicating that the GmMYB46 protein mediates the salt stress response through complex regulatory mechanisms. This study provides information with which to better understand the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in soybeans and to genetically improve the crop.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Cong An ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Xiangyang Yang ◽  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na+ transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K+ absorption in the roots and reducing K+ secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K+/Na+ ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling identifies candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Nong Cui ◽  
Fang-Zhen Wang ◽  
Cheng-Hang Yang ◽  
Jian-Zhen Yuan ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Background: Pugionium cornutum is a xerophytic plant that primarily adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl-) for osmoregulation, improving its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and maintaining high photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency, but the associated molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Results: Here, we present an analysis of gene responses to salt stress based on the transcriptome of P. cornutum exposed to 50 mM NaCl treatment. The data revealed that, after NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, the transcript levels of multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl- accumulation and NO3- homeostasis such as SLAH1, CLCg, CCC1, and NPF6.4, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable to enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the plant uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which should be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cell metabolism. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots after salt treatment, possibly resulting in a high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum. Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes probably regulating the abovementioned processes were found. Conclusion: Candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified, which lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism of the xerophytes adapting to harsh environments.

scholarly journals The ThSOS3 Gene Improves the Salt Tolerance of Transgenic Tamarix hispida and Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Liu ◽  
Qingjun Xie ◽  
Feifei Tang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Wenfang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Tamarix Hispida ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Salt Stress Response

The salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway is one of the most highly studied salt tolerance pathways in plants. However, the molecular mechanism of the salt stress response in Tamarix hispida has remained largely unclear. In this study, five SOS genes (ThSOS1–ThSOS5) from T. hispida were cloned and characterized. The expression levels of most ThSOS genes significantly changed after NaCl, PEG6000, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in at least one organ. Notably, the expression of ThSOS3 was significantly downregulated after 6 h under salt stress. To further analyze ThSOS3 function, ThSOS3 overexpression and RNAi-mediated silencing were performed using a transient transformation system. Compared with controls, ThSOS3-overexpressing transgenic T. hispida plants exhibited greater reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capability and antioxidant enzyme activity, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels, and lower electrolyte leakage rates under salt stress. Similar results were obtained for physiological parameters in transgenic Arabidopsis, including H2O2 and MDA accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity, and electrolyte leakage. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ThSOS3 displayed increased root growth and fresh weight gain under salt stress. Together, these data suggest that overexpression of ThSOS3 confers salt stress tolerance on plants by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, improving ROS-scavenging capability, and decreasing the MDA content and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. These results suggest that ThSOS3 might play an important physiological role in salt tolerance in transgenic T. hispida plants. This study provides a foundation for further elucidation of salt tolerance mechanisms involving ThSOSs in T. hispida.

scholarly journals De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of genes related to salt stress response in Glehnia littoralis

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Mimi Li ◽  
Xiwu Qi ◽  
Xingli Tang ◽  
Yifeng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Glehnia Littoralis ◽  
Plant Signal Transduction

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses affecting plant growth, development, and reproduction. Salt stress also affects the accumulation of some secondary metabolites in plants. Glehnia littoralis is an endangered medicinal halophyte that grows in coastal habitats. Peeled and dried Glehnia littoralis roots, named Radix Glehniae, have been used traditionally as a Chinese herbal medicine. Although Glehnia littoralis has great ecological and commercial value, salt-related mechanisms in Glehnia littoralis remain largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the transcriptome of Glehnia littoralis in response to salt stress by RNA-sequencing to identify potential salt tolerance gene networks. After de novo assembly, we obtained 105,875 unigenes, of which 75,559 were annotated in public databases. We identified 10,335 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; false discovery rate <0.05 and |log2 fold-change| ≥ 1) between NaCl treatment (GL2) and control (GL1), with 5,018 upregulated and 5,317 downregulated DEGs. To further this investigation, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. DEGs involved in secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways, plant signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors in response to salt stress were analysed. In addition, we tested the gene expression of 15 unigenes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to confirm the RNA-sequencing results. Our findings represent a large-scale assessment of the Glehnia littoralis gene resource, and provide useful information for exploring its molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. Moreover, genes enriched in metabolic pathways could be used to investigate potential biosynthetic pathways of active compounds by Glehnia littoralis.

scholarly journals Network-based Transcriptome Analysis of Two Maize Genotypes Identified Pathways Associated With Differences in Salt Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taher Mohasseli ◽  
Razgar Seyed Rahmani ◽  
Reza Darvishzadeh ◽  
Sara Dezhsetan ◽  
Kathleen Marchal
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
The Difference

Abstract BackgroundA better understanding of the molecular effects of salinity stress is key to improving salt tolerance in Zea mays. In this study, we combined phenotyping with transcript profiling and network analysis to study genotype-specific differences in salt tolerance in Zea mays. ResultAn extensive phenotypic screening identified two genotypes with an extreme phenotypic difference in tolerance towards salt stress. RNA-seq analysis of the selected salt-tolerant (R9) and salt-sensitive (S46) genotype was performed to unveil the molecular mechanism underlying the difference in salt tolerance. GO enrichment and network analysis on the results of the expression analysis identified phosphorylation-dependent signaling processes, ion transportation, oxidation-reduction, glutathione and tryptophan metabolism as the main processes different between the selected tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Genes belonging to the subnetwork enriched for phosphorylation and kinase activity shared a common regulatory element in their promoter region, which matched the binding site of an Arabidopsis TF with known role in salt-stress response.ConclusionNetwork-based transcriptome analysis of two maize genotypes identified pathways associated with differences in genotype-specific salt tolerance and identified a link between transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Cong An ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Xiangyang Yang ◽  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K + /Na + ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na + transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K + absorption in the roots and reducing K + secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K + /Na + ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling identifies candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Nong Cui ◽  
Fang-Zhen Wang ◽  
Cheng-Hang Yang ◽  
Jian-Zhen Yuan ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Background: Pugionium cornutum is a xerophytic plant that primarily adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl - ) for osmoregulation, improving its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and maintaining high photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency, but the associated molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Results : Here, we present an analysis of gene responses to salt stress based on the transcriptome of P. cornutum exposed to 50 mM NaCl treatment. The data revealed that, after NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, the transcript levels of multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl - accumulation and NO 3 - homeostasis such as SLAH1, CLCg, CCC1, and NPF6.4, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable to enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the plant uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which should be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cell metabolism. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots after salt treatment, possibly resulting in a high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum . Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes probably regulating the abovementioned processes were found. Conclusion : Candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified, which lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism of the xerophytes adapting to harsh environments.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Cong An ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Xiangyang Yang ◽  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots were identified as a significant time point and tissue type. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na+ transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K+ absorption in the roots and reducing K+ secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K+/Na+ ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiles and Flavonoid Accumulation during Salt Stress in Ginkgo biloba Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningtao Xu ◽  
Sian Liu ◽  
Zhaogeng Lu ◽  
Siyu Pang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Salt Stress Response

Ginkgo biloba is an economically valuable tree, as a variety of flavonoid compounds are produced by the leaves of its seedlings. Although soil salinity is a serious threat to agricultural productivity worldwide, the effect of salt stress on G. biloba seedlings remains unclear. In this study, we found that under high NaCl concentrations (200 and 300 mmol/L), seedling growth was inhibited and the water content, chlorophyll, and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity were significantly decreased in the leaves, whereas the soluble protein and proline levels increased significantly. However, at low NaCl concentrations (50 and 100 mmol/L), the seedlings grew normally because of the regulation of catalase (CAT) and POD enzyme activities. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind G. biloba salt tolerance, we examined the transcriptome of G. biloba seedlings treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl. Twelve differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be involved in ion osmotic potential signal transduction and amplification, including two ABA signaling genes, five CDPK/CIPK genes, and five mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling genes. We also found that NAC transcription factors may be involved in the salt stress response; these included positive regulators (Gb_12203, Gb_27819, Gb_37720, and Gb_41540) and negative regulators (Gb_32549, Gb_35048, and Gb_37444). Importantly, treatment with 100 mmol/L NaCl can significantly improve flavonoid and flavonol glycoside biosynthesis. Simultaneously, the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, including PAL (Gb_10949, Gb_21115) and FLS (Gb_00285, Gb_14024, and Gb_14029), was significantly upregulated. Based on these results, we reveal that G. biloba seedlings can tolerate low-level soil salinity stress through the regulation of different kinds of genes and transcriptome factors, especially flavonoid biosynthesis, which is improved to respond to environmental stress.

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