scholarly journals Pengaruh kekeringan terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan berbagai varietas padi (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Anugrah Syaputra ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Cut Nur Ichsan
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Growth Characters ◽  
Plot Design

Abstrak. Padi  (Oryza sativa L.) sebagai tanaman penghasil beras dan sumber pangan pokok bagi masyarakat di Indonesia mempunyai kedudukan penting dalam program ketahanan pangan. Kondisi sumber daya yang terbatas maupun keadaan cuaca yang terus berubah berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan padi. Perubahan karakter morfologis sebagai bentuk penyesuaian pada kondisi kekeringan dapat dilihat dari daun, serta akarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kekeringan dan varietas terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan padi. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui interaksi antara kekeringan dan varietas terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kasa kebun percobaan 1 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh, yang berlangsung sejak bulan April hingga Juli 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Split Plot Design (Rancangan Petak Terpisah; RPT), dengan dua faktor yaitu kekeringan dan varietas. kekeringan menjadi petak utama yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) taraf yaitu pengairan normal, dan kekeringan, sedangkan varietas sebagai anak petak terdiri dari 3 (tiga) varietas yaitu varietas Situ Patenggang, varietas Pula Gajah, dan varietas Sanbei. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, lingkar rumpun, jumlah anakan, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tajuk basah, berat tajuk kering, berat kering akar, panjang akar, dan rasio tajuk akar. Hasil perlakuan kekeringan berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman umur 3 MST dan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada 5, dan 7 MST, lingkar rumpun, jumlah anakan, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tajuk basah, berat tajuk kering, berat kering akar, panjang akar, dan rasio akar tajuk. Varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tajuk basah , berat tajuk kering, berat kering akar, jumlah anakan, dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap lingkar rumpun. Varietas Sanbei memperlihatkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik  dibandingkan dengan varietas Situ Patenggang dan varietas Pula Gajah. Terdapat interaksi yang tidak nyata antara varietas dan kekeringan terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan padi. Abstract. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as crop for staple food for the people of Indonesia has an important position in food security programs. The condition of limited resources and weather conditions affect morphological and growth characters to adjust drought conditions. It can be seen on the leaves, and roots. This study aims to determine the effect of drought and varieties on rice growth characteristics. This research was held in screen house of experimental field no.1 of Agricultural Faculty of Syiah Kuala University of Darussalam Banda Aceh, which lasted from April to July 2017. This research used Split Plot Design, with two factors. The main plot for drought consisting of 2 (two) levels namely normal irrigation, and drought. The used of varieties as subplot consists of 3 (three) varieties namely Situ Patenggang varieties, Pula Gajah, and Sanbei. The observed growth parameters consisted of plant height, stem perimeter, number of tillers, wet biomass weight, dry biomass weight, wet shoot weight, dry shoot weight, root dry weight, root length, and root shoot ratio. Result of drought treatment had significant effect on plant height of 3 MST and no significant effect on 5, and 7 MST, stem perimeter, number of tiller, wet biomass weight, dry biomass weight, wet shoot weight, dry biomass weight, dry root weight, root length, and root shoot ratio. Varieties had significant effect on wet biomass weight, dry biomass weight, wet shoot weight, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, number of tillers, and there were very significant effect on the stem perimeter of rice plants. Sanbei variety shown better growth than Situ Patenggang and Pula Gajah. There is no real interaction between varieties and drought on rice growth characters.

scholarly journals GROWTH OF FOUR TREE SPECIES ON MEDIA CONTAINING GOLD MINE TAILING OF PT ANTAM UBPE PONGKOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. S72-S76
Author(s):  
Ulfah Juniarti Siregar ◽  
Roisatuz Zakiyah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Media Types

PT Antam UBPE Pongkor is a gold mining company that produces waste in the from of tailing mud which contains heavy metal with sufficiently high concentration. The aim of this research was to study the growth of four types of plant, i.e. Casuarina junghuniana, Pinus merkusii, Melia azedarach, and Gmelina arborea in a media containing tailing mud. This research used a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, i.e. types of plant and media. Two kinds of media was used i.e. 1200g tailing and a mixture of 900g tailing and 300g compost. Growth parameters observed were plant diameter, height, number of leaf, leaf lenght and widht, total wet and dry biomass, root-shoot-ratio and number of stomata. Soil and plant analysis was done after four months of experiment. The results showed that plant types have significant effects on all parameters except root-shoot-ratio and plant height. Media types significantly affect plant diameter, wet and dry biomass. Interaction between plant types and media gave sifnificant effect on diameter, wet and dry biomass. G. arborea had the best growth response on all parameters except root-shoot-ratio and plant heigh. Its average diameter was 4.56 mm, leaf lenght 3.67 cm, leaf widht 3.000 cm, total wet biomass 50.21 g, total dry biomass 32.19 g and number of stomata is 89.Key words: C. junghuniana, G. arborea, metal, M. azedarach, tailing, P. merkusii.

scholarly journals Morphological variation of iron toxicity tolerance in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 038-046
Author(s):  
Zipporah Page ◽  
David P Tokpah ◽  
Khady N Drame ◽  
Zogbo Luther ◽  
Victor M Voor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Weight

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop in many countries in Africa. Africa consumes 11.6 million tons of rice per annum and out of 39 rice-producing countries, 21 import 50% to 99% of their rice requirements. The inability to reach the yield potential that would sustain Africa’s need for rice is due to many biotic and abiotic constraints that rice production faces. In lowland grown rice, one of the abiotic factors hindering rice production is iron toxicity. Excess uptake of ferrous (Fe2+) ions leads to a physiological stress, which results, into poor production. The current study aimed at selection of varieties tolerant to iron toxicity and assessment of the genetic diversity linked to this trait. In a hydroponic experiment conducted in a screen house at Africa Rice Centre in Dar es Salaam, 32 rice varieties were evaluated for tolerance to iron toxicity. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with iron concentration as the main plot factor and variety as the sub plot factor. Two levels of iron concentration were used: 2 ppm and 300 ppm of Fe2+ as control and test concentrations, respectively. Traits observed to gauge tolerance were leaf bronzing (an indicator of iron toxicity), plant height, tillering, number of leaves, shoot weight (above ground), root length and root weight. The varieties ARICA8, and CK801 were found to be tolerant due to low bronzing indices, higher shoot weight, more number of leaves and lack of significant variation in morphology between the two Fe treatments except for the plant height. Correlation analysis depicted negative correlation between leaf bronzing and the other traits measured especially shoot biomass.

Effect of varieties and weeding regimes on weed and performance of

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
U. Ismaila ◽  
M. G. Kolo ◽  
A. U. Gbanguba
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Plot Design

A Field trial was conducted at the aerobic rice experimental field of the NationalCereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Nigeria (9 ° 04 N and 6° 7 E)in 2007 and 2008 wet seasons to determine the weed competitiveness andperformance of inter Ã¢â‚¬Â and intra‐specific aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varietiesunder seven weeding regimes. The trial was laid out in a split plot designwith the two varieties of rice (NERICA 1 as inter Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific and FARO 46 asintra Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific) assigned to the main plot while seven weeding regimes (hoeweeding at 25, 45, and 65 days after sowing (DAS), 25 DAS, 45 DAS, 25 and45 DAS, application of 3’,3’ Ã¢â‚¬Â dichloropropionanilide /2, 4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (orizo plus R) by Candel Company Ltd. at 3.5 kg active ingredient(ai )ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 at 25 DAS, hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 3.5 kg aiat 45 DAS and weedy check) constituted the sub – plots. The treatmentswere replicated three times in a split plot design. From the results, interspecificvariety (NERICA1) had better weed suppression ability with highergrain yield of 3.1 t ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 than the intra‐specific variety (FARO 46). Weed controlwas better when hoe weeding was done at 25, 45 and 65 DAS or 25 and45 DAS and at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS than in other treatments.However, hoe weeding at 25, 45 and 65 DAS gave significantlygreater grain yield than other treatments. Although economic yield was obtainedfrom hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS.

scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN GULMA DENGAN BEBERAPA JENIS MULSA PADA BEBERAPA VARITAS TANAMAN PADI SAWAH (Oryza sativa L.) DENGAN METODE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Amir Mahmud ◽  
Mukhlis Mukhlis
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Plot Design

Penelitian ini telah di lakukan di Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Padang Sidimpuan Batunadua Kota Padangsidimpuan Provinsi Sumatera Utara dari bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji beberapa jenis mulsa dalam mengendalikan gulma pada beberapa varietas tanaman padi sawah dengan metode System Of Rice Intensification. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah (Split plot design) dalam pola RAK dengan dua faktor. Faktor utama adalah varietas padi sawah yang terdiri dari tiga taraf perlakuan yaitu varitas Aryze H6444, varitas Situ Bagendit dan varitas Siganteng. Faktor anak petak adalah penggunaan mulsa yang terdiri dari empat taraf perlakuan yaitu jerami padi, sekam padi, titonia dan mulsa plastik hitam.Varitas Aryze H6444 Gold dan varitas Siganteng menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada penggunaan mulsa plastik, sedangkan varitas Situ Bagendit menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada mulsa jerami padi. Jenis gulma Ludwigia octovalvis merupakan gulma yang mendominasi pada pemberian mulsa jerami padi, sekam padi dan mulsa plastik. Sedangkan pada mulsa Titonia jenis gulma yang mendominasi adalah gulma Eleusine indica. Penggunaan mulsa plastik lebih baik dari pada penggunaan mulsa Titonia, mulsa jerami padi dan sekam padi dalam menekan pertumbuhan gulma pada tanaman padi sawah dengan sistem SRI. Kata Kunci : pengendalian gulma, jenis mulsa, beberapa varitas,metode SRI.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Some Associated Weeds of Wheat on Germinability and Biomass Production of Wheat Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
T. TABASSUM ◽  
S.A. ANJUM ◽  
T. ABBAS ◽  
U. NAZIR
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT: Weeds associated with crops may impose their phytotoxic effects on crop plants through the release of their allelochemicals and hence seriously reduce crop productivity. The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of water soluble phenolics of weeds associated with wheat crop (Vicia sativa, Trigonella polycerata, Lathyrus aphaca, Medicago polymorpha, Melilotus indica) on germinability and biomass production of wheat seedlings by using their water extracts at 2.5% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) concentrations and residues of the same weeds with 0, 15 and 30 d decomposition periods at 2% (w/w) concentration. The results showed that the water extracts of M. indica and V. sativa at 5% concentration imposed the most inhibitory effect on energy of germination (81%) and prolonged time to 50% germination (226%), respectively; by contrast, T. polycerata and M. indica extracts at the same concentration inhibited shoot (8%) and root fresh biomass (64%). However, shoot dry biomass was exalted by the weed extracts at both concentrations with maximum increase (29%) caused by the M.indica extract at 2.5% concentration; however, root dry biomass (46%) and root/shoot ratio (51%) were decreased by M. polymorpha and M. indica extracts at 5% concentration, respectively. Residues of L. aphaca and M. polymorpha with a 30 d decomposition period proved the most toxic regarding energy of emergence (85%) and time to 50% emergence (138%), respectively; while, shoot fresh (41%) and dry biomass (26%) production were hindered mostly by M. indica and M. polymorpha residues with a 30 d decomposition period. There was the highest decrease in root fresh (64%) and dry biomass (64%), and root/shoot ratio (64%) when treatment was performed with V. sativa residues without decomposition. The results show that leachates and residues of weeds inhibit wheat germinability and biomass production through release of allelochemicals, and they are a threat to profitable crop production.

Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Medicago sativa at the Germination Stage

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xin Wang ◽  
Liang Wu ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Li Bin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Shoot Weight

Phytotoxicity of manufactured nanoparticles in plants has received increasing attention. However, little information is available regarding the sensitive factor ofMedicago sativaexposed to ZnO nanoparticles. The results showed ZnO nanoparticles had clearly effect on shoot length, shoot weight, shoot diameter, root/shoot ratio, root length, root weight, root diameter, root activity and mitotic index ofMedicago sativa. Only root activity increased with the increasing concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. Principal component analysis showed root activity had a maximum absolute value in the first principal component, which indicated root activity was the key factor contributed to the variance. Therefore, root activity ofMedicago sativamay serve as potential biomarker to indicate the pollution of ZnO nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Production Techniques for Highrise™ and Seedling Live Oak

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Ann Stodola ◽  
Michael D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Production Techniques

Abstract Cutting propagated Quercus virginiana ‘QVTIA’ Highrise™ PP #11219 and seedling live oak required the same amount of time to prune to a dominant leader in the nursery. Highrise™ live oaks were more uniform in caliper, height and root ball characteristics than the seedling crop. Finished seedling trees had larger caliper than cutting propagated Highrise™ but height was similar. Root pruning horizontal roots alone or in combination with placing root pruning fabric under the liner at planting reduced dry weight of roots in the root ball by reducing large-diameter root weight and increasing small-diameter root weight. Trees produced by both methods of root pruning survived the digging process better than non root-pruned trees in the summer digging season. Seedlings had more root weight in the root ball and a higher root: shoot ratio than Highrise™ live oak. But Highrise™ had a 45% greater small diameter root: shoot ratio than seedling live oak, and more Highrise™ survived the digging process than seedlings. Highrise™ may not need root pruning during production if dug in the dormant season.

scholarly journals Cluster and principle component analyses of maize accessions under normal and water stress conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Mustafa ◽  
Jehanzeb Farooq ◽  
E Ejaz-Ul-Hasan ◽  
Tahira Bibi ◽  
Tariq Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Breeding Programmes

In the current set of an experiment, forty maize genotypes were assessed for drought associated traits. For evaluation of these traits, PC and correlation analyses were employed to obtain suitable parents that can be further exploited in future breeding programmes. Correlation analysis revealed some important associations among the traits studied. Fresh root length had positive and significant associations, but leaf temperature had a significant negative correlation with root density at both 40% and 100% moisture levels while root density had negative association at 100% and positive correlation at 40% moisture level with chlorophyll content. The positive correlation among these yield contributing traits suggested that these characters are important for direct selection of drought tolerant high yielding genotypes. Principal component (PC) analysis showed first 4 PCs having Eigen value >1 explaining 86.7% and 88.4% of the total variation at 40% and 100% moisture levels respectively with different drought related traits. Cluster analysis classified 40 accessions into four divergent groups. The members of clusters 1 and 2 may be combined in future breeding programmes to obtain genotypes/hybrids that can perform well under drought stress conditions. Members of cluster 3 may be selected on the basis of root density, leaf temperature, dry root weight and root shoot ratio by weight and can be combined with members of cluster 4 due to higher leaf temperature and root shoot ratio by length. The results showed that the germplasm having a wide genetic diversity can be thus utilized for future breeding programme to obtain drought tolerant maize genotypes/ hybrids for adaptation to water scarce areas. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/JAS1603303E">10.2298/JAS1603303E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals ESCALATION IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) SEED STRENGTH AND SUCCESSIVE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH POTASSIUM HUMATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Mehra Azam ◽  
Faiza Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Potassium Humate ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Dry Biomass

Seed strength is an important agronomic traits and considered as an indicator of crop yield and economic value. Different concentrations of potassium humate i.e. 0, 250, 500, 750 and 100 mg per kilogram were applied on the seeds of Basmati rice and their influence was observed. After treatment with the potassium humate various vegetative (plant height; root, shoot length; fresh and dry biomass of root and shoot) and reproductive growth (number of tillers, flowers, grains, weight of 100 grains) parameters were recorded. It was observed that 500 mg/kg concentration of potassium humate has given potential results as compared to rest of the concentrations. It was also observed that an increment in the concentration from 500mg/kg has ceased a number of physiological functions of the rice plants under trial.

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