scholarly journals Morphological variation of iron toxicity tolerance in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 038-046
Author(s):  
Zipporah Page ◽  
David P Tokpah ◽  
Khady N Drame ◽  
Zogbo Luther ◽  
Victor M Voor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Weight

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop in many countries in Africa. Africa consumes 11.6 million tons of rice per annum and out of 39 rice-producing countries, 21 import 50% to 99% of their rice requirements. The inability to reach the yield potential that would sustain Africa’s need for rice is due to many biotic and abiotic constraints that rice production faces. In lowland grown rice, one of the abiotic factors hindering rice production is iron toxicity. Excess uptake of ferrous (Fe2+) ions leads to a physiological stress, which results, into poor production. The current study aimed at selection of varieties tolerant to iron toxicity and assessment of the genetic diversity linked to this trait. In a hydroponic experiment conducted in a screen house at Africa Rice Centre in Dar es Salaam, 32 rice varieties were evaluated for tolerance to iron toxicity. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with iron concentration as the main plot factor and variety as the sub plot factor. Two levels of iron concentration were used: 2 ppm and 300 ppm of Fe2+ as control and test concentrations, respectively. Traits observed to gauge tolerance were leaf bronzing (an indicator of iron toxicity), plant height, tillering, number of leaves, shoot weight (above ground), root length and root weight. The varieties ARICA8, and CK801 were found to be tolerant due to low bronzing indices, higher shoot weight, more number of leaves and lack of significant variation in morphology between the two Fe treatments except for the plant height. Correlation analysis depicted negative correlation between leaf bronzing and the other traits measured especially shoot biomass.

scholarly journals Adaçayı ve Dağ Çayında Tuz Stresi Üzerine Selenyum Uygulamalarının Etkileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mahmut Çamlıca ◽  
Gülsüm Yaldız ◽  
Ferit Özen ◽  
Abdurrahman Başol ◽  
Halit Aşkın
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Fresh Root

Sage and mountain sage belong to Lamiaceae family which have commercial importance from medicinal and aromatic plants in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of selenium in salinity conditions on the morphological characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and mountain tea (Sideritis sp.). Four different doses of selenium (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/l) were applied in without salinity (0) and salinity (250 mM NaCl/l) medium. The experiment was carried out in the split plot design with three replications in the climate chamber room of the department of field crops. When the examined properties were evaluated; plant height changed between 15.56-23.85 cm, number of branches 10.50-12.78 number/plant, number of leaves 52.78-92.00 number/plant, fresh leaf weight 2.48-7.51 g/plant, dry leaf weight 0.48-3.32 g/plant, fresh root weight 1.52-7.16 g/plant, dry root weight 0.19-1.24 g/plant, root length 26.18-36.07 cm, fresh shoot weight of 1.13-7.15 g/plant and dry shoot weight 0.13-0.38 g/plant. In mountain tea, the properties were determined for plant height as 3.26-5.93 cm, for number of branches as 2.50-6.33 number/plant, for number of leaves as 28.22-91.14 number/plant, for fresh and dry leaf weights as 2.42-11,03 and 0.45-1.91 g/plant, for fresh and dry root weights as 0.71-3.97 and 0.18-0.74 g/plant, for root length as 14.78-33.26 cm, for fresh and dry shoot weights as 0.29-2.28 and 0.12-0.41 g/plant were determined. As a result of this study, 5 mg/l selenium application in salinity conditions in both plants has reached high values in terms of fresh leaf weights. In addition to this, it was found that selenium applications in salinity conditions had positive effects on dry leaf weight in sage and fresh root and fresh shoot weights in mountain tea. As a result of correlation analysis, positive correlations were found between dry leaf weight and other characteristics especially in mountain tea in terms of traits examined in both plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh kekeringan terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan berbagai varietas padi (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Anugrah Syaputra ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Cut Nur Ichsan
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Growth Characters ◽  
Plot Design

Abstrak. Padi  (Oryza sativa L.) sebagai tanaman penghasil beras dan sumber pangan pokok bagi masyarakat di Indonesia mempunyai kedudukan penting dalam program ketahanan pangan. Kondisi sumber daya yang terbatas maupun keadaan cuaca yang terus berubah berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan padi. Perubahan karakter morfologis sebagai bentuk penyesuaian pada kondisi kekeringan dapat dilihat dari daun, serta akarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kekeringan dan varietas terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan padi. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui interaksi antara kekeringan dan varietas terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kasa kebun percobaan 1 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh, yang berlangsung sejak bulan April hingga Juli 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Split Plot Design (Rancangan Petak Terpisah; RPT), dengan dua faktor yaitu kekeringan dan varietas. kekeringan menjadi petak utama yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) taraf yaitu pengairan normal, dan kekeringan, sedangkan varietas sebagai anak petak terdiri dari 3 (tiga) varietas yaitu varietas Situ Patenggang, varietas Pula Gajah, dan varietas Sanbei. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, lingkar rumpun, jumlah anakan, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tajuk basah, berat tajuk kering, berat kering akar, panjang akar, dan rasio tajuk akar. Hasil perlakuan kekeringan berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman umur 3 MST dan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada 5, dan 7 MST, lingkar rumpun, jumlah anakan, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tajuk basah, berat tajuk kering, berat kering akar, panjang akar, dan rasio akar tajuk. Varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tajuk basah , berat tajuk kering, berat kering akar, jumlah anakan, dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap lingkar rumpun. Varietas Sanbei memperlihatkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik  dibandingkan dengan varietas Situ Patenggang dan varietas Pula Gajah. Terdapat interaksi yang tidak nyata antara varietas dan kekeringan terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan padi. Abstract. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as crop for staple food for the people of Indonesia has an important position in food security programs. The condition of limited resources and weather conditions affect morphological and growth characters to adjust drought conditions. It can be seen on the leaves, and roots. This study aims to determine the effect of drought and varieties on rice growth characteristics. This research was held in screen house of experimental field no.1 of Agricultural Faculty of Syiah Kuala University of Darussalam Banda Aceh, which lasted from April to July 2017. This research used Split Plot Design, with two factors. The main plot for drought consisting of 2 (two) levels namely normal irrigation, and drought. The used of varieties as subplot consists of 3 (three) varieties namely Situ Patenggang varieties, Pula Gajah, and Sanbei. The observed growth parameters consisted of plant height, stem perimeter, number of tillers, wet biomass weight, dry biomass weight, wet shoot weight, dry shoot weight, root dry weight, root length, and root shoot ratio. Result of drought treatment had significant effect on plant height of 3 MST and no significant effect on 5, and 7 MST, stem perimeter, number of tiller, wet biomass weight, dry biomass weight, wet shoot weight, dry biomass weight, dry root weight, root length, and root shoot ratio. Varieties had significant effect on wet biomass weight, dry biomass weight, wet shoot weight, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, number of tillers, and there were very significant effect on the stem perimeter of rice plants. Sanbei variety shown better growth than Situ Patenggang and Pula Gajah. There is no real interaction between varieties and drought on rice growth characters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Leaf Extract of Pawpaw (Carica papaya (L.)) in the Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in Garden Egg (Solanum melongena (L.))

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
I. Umar ◽  
M. B. Aji ◽  
A. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Shoot Weight

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most important soil borne pathogen affecting Garden eggplant in Nigeria. The study was conducted in the Screen house of Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology in 2013 to evaluate the effect of (Pawpaw) Carica papaya leaf powder for the control of root-knot nematode M. javanica on Garden egg. The experiment consisted of five treatments replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design in the screen house. C. papaya powder at different levels 50 g, 40 g, 30 g, 20 g and control which received no treatment were incorporated into fifteen  (15) separate pots of 20cm diameter containing 4 kg sterilized soil. Data collected on plant height (cm), number of leaves, fresh shoot weight (g), fresh root weight, dry root weight (g), gall index and final nematode population. The result indicated that Garden eggplant amended with 50 g C. papaya recorded higher growth parameters, plant height (33.75 cm), number of leaves (29.00), fresh shoot weight (145.40 g), gall index (1.33) and the least final nematode population (160.50), whereas the control recorded the least growth parameters, plant height (10.20cm), number of leaves (9.33), fresh shoot weight (9.76 g) and highest gall index (5.0) and final nematode population (1063.87). It can then concluded that Carica papaya powder when used as an amendment was effective in controlling M. javanica in garden egg under screenhouse and has the potential for use as a nematicide in the future. This study recommends that C. papaya leaf powder should be put to field trials to ascertain its efficacy in controlling M. javanica on garden egg.

scholarly journals Performance of Fifteen F5 Pedigree Upland Rice Lines in Ultisol

Akta Agrosia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Bagus Edi Luwih ◽  
Rustikawati Rustikawati ◽  
Kanang Setyo Hindarto
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Main Food Source

ABSTRACTRice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rice-producing crop that is the main food source for most of Indonesia's population. Although rice production increases but needs to be maintained. One of the efforts in maintaining rice production is by assembling superior paddy varieties that are adaptive to Ultisol soil. This study aims to compare the appearance of 15 lines of upland rice grown in Ultisol soil and choose the best lines based on index selection. The research was conducted on August 2015 until January 2016 at New Field Experiment Garden of Agriculture Faculty of Bengkulu University of Kandang Limun Sub-District, Muara Bangkahulu Sub-district, Bengkulu City. The experimental design was Randomized Block Design (RAKL) with 3 replications. As the treatment is 15 lines of rice are G1, G2, G3, G5, G8, G13, G16, G24, G30, G32, G35, G40, G44, G45, and G50. Of the 15 gogo rice strains tested showed that the generative and vegetative variables did not significantly affect the number of leaves, the number of productive tillers, the number of pithy grains per panicle, the weight of the grain per panicle, the weight of 100 grains, and the weight of grain per hill.keywords: upland rice, Ultisol, yield

scholarly journals Initial sunflower development (Helianthus annus L.) subject to increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
D. Riva ◽  
R. H. R. P. Ribeiro ◽  
R. V. Xavier ◽  
L. S. F. Lima ◽  
V. S. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shoot Weight

The present study was carried out in the greenhouse of the IFMT Campus Confresa-MT, from April 20 t0 June 06, 2018, the trial containing 10 treatments with 4 repetitions, 5 treatments submiited to increasing doses of nitrogen and 5 treatments submiited to increasing doses of potassium, For doses of N 0,20,40,60 and 80 kg ha-1 were and for doses of K, 0,10,20,30,40 k ha‑1 the fertilizations were made with. 7,14 and 21 days after the emergence of the plants. The experiment was installed in 2 Lt, 2 dcm³ pet bottles. The characteristics evaluated were stem diameter (DC), number of leaves (NF), plant height (AP), fresh shoot weight (MPFA), fresh root weight (MFR), it was observed that statistically all treatments had a significant difference at 1% probability, plus some hypotheses that can be described that in the evaluation number of leaves at increasing doses of potassium, the control had a higher average result. Light, standardized doses of ferti-irrigation etc. nevertheless an extremely importante result for the discussion and for carrying out experiments in the fututre, however the best answers were if obtained in the variables fresh weight of the aerial part (MFPA) and fresh mass of the root (MFR), in the future we may have more results, with the repetition of the experimente and see the difference between them.

scholarly journals Silicon (Si) and salinity stress on the agronomic performances of bok choy (Brassica rappa L.) in an Entisols

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Kharisun Kharisun ◽  
Mochammad Nazarudin Budiono ◽  
Nur Prihatiningsih ◽  
Ratri Noorhidayah ◽  
Ningsih Lamorunga
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Fresh Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Fresh Root

Silicon is a beneficial nutrient that has the potential to alleviate the abiotic stress of bok choy grown under salinity stress on entisols. Indonesia has wide areas of entisol soils along its coastline, which could be planted with bok choy. However, salinity conditions pose a problem in entisol soils. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of silicon on the agronomic performance of bok choy grown on an Entisols under salinity stress conditions. This research was conducted at the screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from May to August 2019. The experimental design was a completely randomized completely block design (RCBD) consisting of 16 treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised two factors: the dosage of silicon fertilizer, which was 0, 5, 10, or 15 g pot<sup>-1</sup>; and salinity stress, with a level of 0, 1, 2, or 3 dS m<sup>-1 </sup>pot<sup>-1</sup>. Observed variables included plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), leaf area (cm<sup>2</sup>), fresh shoot weight (g), dry shoot weight (g), fresh root weight (g), dry root weight (g), fresh plant weight (g), and dry plant weight (g). The results showed that the provision of silicon (Si) fertilizer from zeolite and sugarcane bagasse compost (SCB) improved plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh plant weight, and dry plant weight of bok choy plants under salinity stress conditions on entisol soil. At a silicon dosage of 10 g pot<sup>-1</sup>, fresh plant weight (production of bok choy) was 64.18% greater compared to the control. Increasing soil salinity up to 3 dS m<sup>-1</sup> of soil decreased the plant height and number of leaves but did not significantly affect fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh plant weight, dry fresh plant weight, fresh root weight, or dry root weight.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kompos Jerami terhadap Pertumbuhan Dua Varietas Padi Gogo (Oryza sativa L.) pada Tanah Ultisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Faridah Faridah ◽  
Erida Nurahmi ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plot Design

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan diTaman Teknologi Pertanian (TTP) Jantho Kecamatan Kota Jantho, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, yang berlangsung sejakbulan Agustus hingga Desember 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split plot design), dengan dua faktor yaitu dosis pupuk kompos jerami dan varietas. Dosis pupuk kompos jerami menjadi petak utama yang terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu (kontrol, 10 dan 20 ton ha-1), varietas menjadi anak petak yang terdiri atas 2 taraf yaitu (Situ Patenggang dan Sanbei). Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, dan berat berangkasan kering. Perlakuan dosis pupuk kompos jerami berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur 4 dan 8 MST. Perlakuan varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah daun pada umur 4 dan 8 MST. Terdapat interaksi antara kompos jerami dan varietas terhadap jumlah anakan, jumlah daun dan berat berangkasan kering. Dosis pupuk kompos jerami yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan padi gogo  pada tanah ultisol adalah 20 ton ha-1. Pertumbuhan padi gogo terbaik pada tanah ultisol dijumpai pada varietas sanbei. Kombinasi terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan padi gogo pada tanah ultisol adalah dosis pupuk kompos jerami 20 ton ha-1 dengan varietas sanbei.The Effect of Straw Compost Fertilizer on the Growth of Two Gogo Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Ultisol SoilAbstract. This research was conducted in the Agricultural Technology Park (ATP) of Jantho, Kota Jantho Subdistrict, Aceh Besar Regency, and Laboratory of Plant Physiology at the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, which lasted from August to December 2016. The study used a split plot design, with two factors are doses of straw compost fertilizer and varieties. The doses of straw compost became the main plot consisting of 3 levels, namely (control, 10 and 20 tons ha1), the varieties being subplots consisting of 2 levels namely (Situ Patenggang and Sanbei). The variables observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, and dry weight. The treatment of straw compost doses significantly affected plant height at age 4 and 8 WAP. The treatment of varieties had a very significant effect on the number of leaves at ages 4 and 8 WAP. There were interactions between straw compost and varieties on the number of tillers, number of leaves and weight of dry stover. The best dose of straw compost for padigogo growth in ultisol soil is 20 tons ha-1. The best growth of upland rice on ultisol soil was found in sanbei varieties. The best combination of the growth of upland rice on ultisol soil is the dose of straw compost fertilizer 20 tons ha-1 with varieties of sanbei.

Genetic Diversity of Local Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Based on Agronomic Traits and Yield Potential in North Buton, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budianti Kadidaa ◽  
Gusti Ray Sadimantar ◽  
Suaib . ◽  
La Ode Safuan ◽  
Muhidin .
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Yield Potential

scholarly journals Daya Gabung Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Persilangan Dialel Menggunakan Metode Griffing II

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ketut Sudharmawan ◽  
Baiq Erna Listiana ◽  
Sofi Rianti
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Materials Used

Diallel crossing is a method that is widely used to determine the ability to combine each individual so that it can identify the potential elders to be used in crossbreeding programs to assemble high yielding varieties. This experiment aims to determine the combining power of dialelic crosses of several varieties of rice using the Griffing II method, carried out in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mataram University in Nyiur Lembang Village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency, from February to July 2019. This experiment uses the method experiments carried out in the field. The materials used in this experiment were four parents, namely IPB 3S variety, Situ Patenggang variety, Inpari 32 and G11 strain and the phenotype of the cross between the four parents. The experimental results showed that the effects of general affinity and special affinity for all observed characters (plant height, number of productive tillers, number of non-productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grain, number of empty grain and weight of 100 grains) were significantly different, except on the effect of general affinity for the number of non-productive tillers showed no significant difference. The results of the combined power analysis of the four elders were positive, so it can be said that the four elders would get good results when crossed with a number of other genotypes.

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