Nicotine Perceptions and Response to Proposed Low-Nicotine Cigarette Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Minal Patel ◽  
Alison F. Cuccia ◽  
Yitong Zhou ◽  
Lauren Czaplicki ◽  
Lindsay Pitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Proposed Regulation ◽  
Current Tobacco ◽  
High Support

Objective: Proposed regulation may establish nicotine standards in cigarettes to sub-addictive levels. In this study, we explore the association between nicotine perceptions and responses to a reduced nicotine policy scenario among current smokers. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 18-54-year-old current tobacco users were collected in March-April 2018 (N = 1746). Current smokers (N = 854) were asked about nicotine-related health beliefs and nicotine addiction. Time to first cigarette (TTFC) was used to examine nicotine dependence. Adjusted and weighted logistic regression models examined these nicotine-related factors in association to support for a proposed government policy and related behavioral intentions. Results: Although 63% of survey participants accurately identified nicotine alone as the addiction cause, 49% incorrectly indicated that cancer and 56% indicated that increased health risk caused by cigarette smoking comes from nicotine. Smokers showed high support (72%) for a proposed low-nicotine policy. Greater misperception about nicotine harm was associated with greater odds (aOR = 1.66, p < .05) of policy support. Shorter TTFC was associated with greater intent to smoke low-nicotine cigarettes but was not associated with policy support. Conclusion: Evidence could inform health message development to address knowledge and misperceptions around nicotine when garnering public support for a low-nicotine policy.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Internet Usage and Overweight/Obesity: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey in Nepal

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md. Momin Islam ◽  
John Oldroyd ◽  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Rakibul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To examine the associations between internet use and overweight/obesity in people aged 15–49 years in Nepal and the extent to which these associations differ by biological sex. Materials and methods: The study analyzed the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the total effects of internet use (IU) in the last 12 months and frequency of internet use (FIU) in the last month on overweight/obesity adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Of the 10,380 participants, the prevalence of overweight/obesity by IU was 38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.9%, 40.1%) for males and 44.1% (95% CI: 41.6%, 46.6%) for female. The likelihood of overweight/obesity was significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.55; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.73; p < 0.001) among those participants who used the internet compared to the participants who did not use the internet in the last 12 months. Similar associations were observed when using the augmented measure of exposure-FIU in the last month. We observed the modification effect of sex in the associations of IU (p-difference < 0.001) and FIU (p-difference < 0.002) with overweight/obesity in Nepal. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future overweight/obesity interventions in Nepal discourage unnecessary internet use, particularly among males.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cognitive Frailty, Do Psychosocial-Related Factors Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Esperanza Navarro-Pardo ◽  
David Facal ◽  
María Campos-Magdaleno ◽  
Arturo X. Pereiro ◽  
Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
High Prevalence

Cognitive frailty (CF) is a topic of growing interest with implications for the study of preventive interventions in aging. Nevertheless, little research has been done to assess the influence of psychosocial variables on the risk of CF. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of CF in a Spanish sample and to explore the influence of psychosocial variables in this prevalence. Physical frailty and cognitive, functional, psychosocial, and socio-demographic aspects were assessed in a sample of 285 participants over 60 years. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out. A prevalence of 21.8% (95% CI 17.4–26.9) was established when both frail and pre-frail conditions were included, and a prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI 1.7–5.9) if only frail individuals were considered. Age, educational level, profession and psychological well-being variables significantly predicted CF. Frailty and pre-frailty are high-prevalence health conditions in older adults influenced by socio-demographic, socio-educative and affective factors.

scholarly journals NEIGHBORHOOD AGE COMPOSITION AND SELF-RATED HEALTH: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S64
Author(s):  
Amanda Lehning ◽  
Amanda J Lehning ◽  
Nicole Mattocks ◽  
Kyeongmo Kim ◽  
Richard J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conceptual Work

Abstract Neighborhood age composition is an understudied area. Furthermore, existing empirical and conceptual work is conflicting, with some indicating neighborhoods with more older adults are beneficial and other scholarship suggesting it can be detrimental. Using data from 7,197 older adults from the first wave (2011) of the National Health & Aging Trends Study combined with census tract data from the National Neighborhood Change Database, we examined the association between neighborhood age composition and self-rated health. Findings from logistic regression models indicate those living in neighborhoods with a growing concentration of older residents are significantly more likely to report lower self-rated health compared to those living in a neighborhood in which older adults overall are declining (β=1.51, p &lt; .05) or are becoming diluted by younger residents (β=.66, p &lt; .05). Results have implications for interventions promoting aging in place, particularly for those who may be stuck in place in age-concentrated neighborhoods.

Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity pattern with dietary factors among adults in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawoon Jeong ◽  
Jieun Kim ◽  
Hansongyi Lee ◽  
Do-Yeon Kim ◽  
Hyunjung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Skipping Breakfast ◽  
Chronic Health Status

Abstract Backgrounds Globally, cardiometabolic multimorbidity pattern (CMP) is a complexed chronic health status which shorter the life expectancy compared with single disease in adults. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns in Korean adults to clarify the associations between dietary factors and CMP. Methods Nationally representative data for 9,011 Korean adults aged 19-64 years are obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2013-2015. Multimorbidity patterns for CMP, inflammatory disease, cancer and other disease pattern were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Dietary factors including food, nutrient intake and diet habits were evaluated. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models examined the associations between dietary factors and CMP. Results More than half of the multimorbidity pattern was CMP (n=4,907, 54.5%); CMP subjects were more likely to be older, male, less educated, lower income, laborers, smokers, and high-risk consumers of alcohol than those of non-CMP subjects. A higher intake of calcium (OR= 0.809, 95% CI= 0.691-0.945), potassium (OR= 0.838, 95% CI= 0.704-0.998), and fruits (OR= 0.841, 95% CI= 0.736-0.960) were inversely associated with the prevalence of CMP while the consumption of irregular meals (OR=1.164, 95% CI= 1.034-1.312) and skipping breakfast (OR=1.279, 95% CI= 1.078-1.518) were associated with a 16% and 28% higher likelihood of CMP, respectively. Conclusions CMP accounts for more than half of the multimorbidity patterns in Korean population, and lower intake of calcium, potassium, fruits, and skipping meals might have strong associations with CMP.

scholarly journals Decline in the Use of Anthracyclines for Breast Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 2232-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon H. Giordano ◽  
Yu-Li Lin ◽  
Yong Fang Kuo ◽  
Gabriel N. Hortobagyi ◽  
James S. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Recurrence Score ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Piecewise Regression ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose To determine the patterns of use of anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. Methods Claims from a 5% national Medicare sample and from a nationally representative claims database (Marketscan) from 1998 to 2009 were used. Patients with International Classification of Diseases (ICD), ninth revision, codes indicating breast cancer, ICD and Common Procedural Terminology codes indicating breast surgery, and claims for chemotherapy between 3 months before and 12 months after surgery comprised the study cohort. Chemotherapy was classified as anthracycline-based or taxane-based, and the percentages of use were calculated. Piecewise regression models were used to identify the inflection points in the rates of chemotherapy use. The effect of patient characteristics on receiving different types of chemotherapy was estimated by multivariable logistic regression models. Results A total of 4,458 patients were included in the Medicare cohort and 30,422 in the private insurance cohort. After 2005, a sharp increase in the use of taxane-based chemotherapy and a decline in anthracycline-based chemotherapy was seen. By 2008 in the Medicare cohort, 51% of patients received taxane-based and 32% received anthracycline-based chemotherapy. By the end of 2008, the majority of patients younger than 65 years were also receiving taxane-based chemotherapy. Patients younger than 35 years were less likely to be treated with a taxane-based regimen, whereas patients who underwent 21-gene recurrence score testing and those treated with trastuzumab were more likely to receive taxane-based chemotherapy. Conclusion The use of anthracycline-based chemotherapy has declined, and the majority of patients with breast cancer are instead receiving taxane-based chemotherapy. The potential impact on patient outcomes is unknown.

scholarly journals Public Support for E-Cigarette-related Policies among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2095970
Author(s):  
Lauren Czaplicki ◽  
Randall Simpson ◽  
Yitong Zhou ◽  
Minal Patel ◽  
Alison F. Cuccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Public Support ◽  
State Level ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: The wide availability of flavored e-cigarettes and broad use of e-cigarettes in public places may contribute to the rapidly increasing rates of use among youth and young adults in the U.S. However, policies at the federal, state and local levels can address these factors. Objective: Assess public support for 5 e-cigarette-related policies and evaluate response patterns by demographics, tobacco use, e-cigarette harm perceptions, geographic region, and strength of state-level clean indoor air policies. Methods: Data were collected Oct-Dec 2018 from a nationally representative online panel of U.S. adults (n = 3211). We measured support for 5 policies: (1) a ban on the sale flavored e-cigarettes; (2) requiring tobacco products, like e-cigarettes, be kept out of view in stores where adolescents shop; and prohibiting e-cigarette use in (3) all public places; (4) restaurants; and (5) bars. Weighted, adjusted logistic regressions modeled variation in policy support. Results: A majority of respondents (63.3%) supported a flavor ban, with no differences in support by smoking status. Most respondents supported keeping tobacco products out of view (78.0%) and prohibiting e-cigarette use in indoor public places (82.9%), restaurants (86.5%), and bars (76.1%). In the adjusted models, current e-cigarette users had significantly lower odds of policy support compared to never users. We observed no differences in support by geographic region or strength of state-level clean indoor air policies. Conclusion: Results suggest high levels of public support to regulate e-cigarette flavors, marketing, and use in public places. Targeted messaging may be needed to increase support among current e-cigarette users.

Multisector Involvement Among Adolescents With Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Sullivan ◽  
Andrew J. Thayer ◽  
Shanna S. Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
School Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Based ◽  
Sociodemographic Predictors ◽  
Psychosocial Difficulties ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Transition Study ◽  
National Longitudinal Transition Study

When youth experience psychosocial difficulties, multiple sectors of care may intervene. The present study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of multisector involvement related to psychosocial difficulties among adolescents with disabilities. Using a nationally representative sample of 9,230 students who participated in the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2, we estimated students’ rates of involvement in school, health, social service, and juvenile justice sectors and used logistic regression models to ascertain the relations to student characteristics. Students with disabilities were frequently involved with a variety of sectors of care, but schools remain the primary provider. Multisector involvement was commonplace, particularly for adolescents with emotional disturbance or autism. Disability and insurance type consistently predicted involvement of each sector, but other sociodemographic characteristics commonly related to disparities in involvement were not significant in most of our models. Communication and collaboration across systems can support the school-based problem solving and individualized planning for students with disabilities.

scholarly journals Trends in Attitudes of Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics toward Intermarriage in the Twenty-First Century

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Philip Q. Yang ◽  
Jonbita Prost
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
High Level ◽  
Representative Samples

No study has simultaneously compared attitudes of whites, blacks, Asians, and Hispanics toward intermarriage over time. This study offers a comparative analysis of the changes in attitudes of whites, blacks, Asians, and Hispanics toward intermarriage with different racial or ethnic groups in the twenty-first century, using nationally representative samples from General Social Surveys 2000–2018. Our trend analyses reveal that whites’ support for intermarriage with minorities has generally increased, albeit at a relatively lower level; blacks’ support for intermarriage with Asians, Hispanics, and whites has been quite stable at a relatively high level; Asians’ and Hispanics’ support for intermarriage with other minorities has generally shown an upswing trend with some minor fluctuations, but their support for intermarriage with whites has gone in the opposite direction with oscillations. The results of our generalized linear ordinal logistic regression models show that either including or excluding control variables, whites’ attitudes have become generally more supportive of intermarriage with minorities, blacks’ support for intermarriage has displayed an undulated pattern, and Asians’ and Hispanics’ support for intermarriage reveal diverse patterns depending on the group to intermarry with. The findings indicate a general trend of narrowing intergroup social distances as well as some increases in social distance between certain groups in the United States in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Spoligotype-specific risk of finding lesions in tissues from cattle infected by Mycobacterium bovis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Gomez-Buendia ◽  
Beatriz Romero ◽  
Javier Bezos ◽  
Francisco Lozano ◽  
Lucía de Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Origin Region ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Abstract Background Although the pathogenic effect of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in susceptible hosts is well known, differences in clinical signs and pathological findings observed in infected animals have been reported, likely due to a combination of host and pathogen-related factors. Here, we investigated whether Mycobacterium bovis strains belonging to different spoligotypes were associated with a higher risk of occurrence of visible/more severe lesions in target organs (lungs and/or lymph nodes) from infected animals. A large collection of 8889 samples belonging to cattle were classified depending on the presence/absence of tuberculosis-like lesions and its degree of severity. All samples were subjected to culture irrespective of the presence of lesions, and isolates retrieved were identified and subjected to spoligotyping. The association between the presence/severity of the lesions and the isolation of strains from a given spoligotype was assessed using non-parametric tests and Bayesian mixed multivariable logistic regression models that accounted for origin (region and herd) effects. Results Results suggested a difference in severity in lesioned samples depending on the strain’s spoligotype. An association between specific spoligotypes and presence of lesions was observed, with a higher risk of finding lesions in animals infected with strains with spoligotypes SB0120, SB0295 and SB1142 compared with SB0121, and in those coming from certain regions in Spain. Conclusions Our results suggest that strains belonging to certain spoligotypes may be associated with a higher probability in the occurrence of gross/macroscopic lesions in infected cattle, although these observational findings should be confirmed in further studies that allow accounting for the effect of other possible confounders not considered here, and ultimately through experimental studies.

scholarly journals The association between Internet Usage and Overweight/Obesity modified by Gender: Evidence from a nationally representative survey in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md Momin Islam ◽  
John Oldroyd ◽  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Rakibul M Islam
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual

Objective: Using a nationally representative data, we examined the associations between internet use and overweight/obesity in people aged 15-49 years in Nepal, and the extent to which these associations vary by gender. Materials and methods: The study analyzed the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data, collected between June 2016 and January 2017. The outcome was overweight/obesity. Exposures were internet use (IU) in the last twelve months and internet use frequency (FIU) in the last month. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the total effects of IU and FIU on overweight/obesity adjusted for minimal sufficient adjustment set of potential confounders. P-difference was extracted using a Wald test for the models with interaction terms. Results: Of the 10,380 participants, 33.9% used internet in the last 12 months, and 13.1 % used less than/at least once in a week, and 17.5% used internet almost every day. The prevalence of overweight/obesity by IU was 38% (95% CI: 35.9%, 40.1%) for male and 44.1% (95% CI: 41.6%, 46.6) for female. The risk of overweight and obesity was significantly 1.55 times higher (aOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.73; p < 0.001) among those participants who used the internet compared to the individual who did not use the internet in the last 12 months or earlier of the interview. Similar associations were observed when using the augmented measure of exposure-FIU. We observed modification effect of gender in the associations of IU (p-difference<0.001) and FIU (p-difference<0.002) with overweight and obesity in Nepal. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that it is imperative for future overweight/obesity interventions in LMICs, including Nepal, to discourage unnecessary internet use, particularly among males.

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