scholarly journals La evolución de las exportaciones de bienes de China: una visión panarómica = Chinese goods exports development: An overview

2013 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Ana Salvador Chamorro
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

<p>El proceso de reforma económica que ha experimentado la economía de China es uno de los fenómenos de mayor relevancia en la evolución de la Economía Mundial en los últimos treinta años y, sin duda, seguirá siéndolo en el futuro. Dentro de este proceso, la apertura al exterior, que el gobierno chino inició en 1978, ha situado al país en un lugar de máxima relevancia dentro de los flujos comerciales y financieros internacionales. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es intentar realizar un análisis general de la evolución del comercio exterior de China en las últimas décadas, prestando especial atención a sus exportaciones de bienes y poniendo énfasis en los cambios experimentados durante los últimos años.</p><p>The process of economic reform that has experienced the Chinese economy is one of the most important events in the evolution of the World Economy in the past 30 years, and will undoubtedly remain so in the future. Within this economic reform, the opening process that the Chinese Government began in 1978, has put the country in a place of utmost importance in the international trade and financial flows. In this context, this paper try to perform an analysis of the evolution of China's foreign trade in recent decades, with particular attention to its exports and emphasizing the changes in recent years</p>

scholarly journals The great Chinese transformation: cynicism and the future of the world (article two)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Grzegorz W. Kolodko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supranational Level

The huge leap made by the Chinese economy over the past four decades as a result of market reforms and openness to the world is causing fear in some and anxiety in others. Questions arise as to whether China’s economic success is solid and whether economic growth will be followed by political expansion. China makes extensive use of globalization and is therefore interested in continuing it. At the same time, China wants to give it new features and specific Chinese characteristics. This is met with reluctance by the current global hegemon, the United States, all the more so as there are fears that China may promote its original political and economic system, "cynicism", abroad. However, the world is still big enough to accommodate us all. Potentially, not necessarily. For this to happen, we need the right policies, which in the future must also include better coordination at the supranational level.

scholarly journals DOMINANTS OF UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE INTELLECTUALIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tsygankova ◽  
Oleksandr Iatsenko
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Integrated Index ◽  
Average Group ◽  
The World

The article raises the problem of identifying dominants and assessing the level of international trade intellectualization in the context of the formation of prerequisites for the optimal use of intellectual technologies under integration of Ukraine into the world economy. The purpose of the article is to define key dominants of international trade intellectualization and to assess their development in Ukraine's foreign trade. The applicable estimation is carried out by introduction of the international trade intellectualization index – an integrated index based on the sum of weighted average group indicators. Also, the nature of international trade intellectualization processes is discovered, their forms and peculiarities both in government and business are identified. Current state and problems limiting intellectualization of Ukraine's foreign trade are characterized. The dominants of Ukraine's foreign trade intellectualization and regulatory mechanisms intensifying the export potential of its economy are defined.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES, THEIR MEANING IN THE REGULATION OF FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONSHIPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Irina S. Iskevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Industrial Cooperation ◽  
The World

One of the most important components of the world economy remains the foreign economic activity of its economic entities, which, in turn, includes foreign trade, or international trade, industrial cooperation, currency and financial and credit operations, as well as relations with international organizations. The article examines the characteristics and classification of the principles of legal regulation of foreign trade.

Biggest Infrastructure Bubble Ever?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Large Stimulus ◽  
Beijing Olympics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After

Since the early 1990s, China has built more megaprojects than any other country in the world. This chapter examines the economic and sociopolitical conditions in China that have made the massive investment and construction of megaprojects possible, such as the deregulatory reforms in the land and housing sector and the rise of local investment corporations for megaproject financing. The chapter also compares megaproject developments before and after 2008—a tumultuous year marking both the Beijing Olympics and a global economic recession. Before 2008, the hosting of mega-events often legitimized the construction of megaprojects. After 2008, the recession became the new legitimizing tool, as the Chinese government implemented a large stimulus program that directed more investment in infrastructural megaprojects. With the slowdown of the Chinese economy, many local governments today find themselves in deep debt from overinvestment in infrastructural megaprojects over the past two decades. Examples from Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou are used to illustrate the contested processes and mixed legacies of city building with megaprojects.

The Future of International Trade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Beneficial Role ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Second World

There is no doubt that intensifying trade links among the countries of the world have played an important, and largely beneficial, role in the evolution of the world economy. The open multilateral trading system that emerged and strengthened after the Second World War led...

Chinism and the Future of the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-279
Author(s):  
Grzegorz W. Kolodko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Supranational Level

The huge leap forward made by the Chinese economy over the past four decades as a result of market reforms and openness to the world is awe-inspiring for some and anxiety-inducing for others. Questions arise as to whether the foundations of Chinese economic success are sustainable and whether economic growth will be followed by political expansion. China makes great use of globalization and is therefore interested in its continuation. At the same time, it wants to give globalization new features, specific Chinese characteristics. This is met with the reluctance of the current global hegemon, the United States, even more so as fears arise that China may promote abroad its original political and economic system—Chinism. However, the world is still big enough to accommodate all of our systems. Potentially, not necessarily. What we need to make it happen is a proper policy, which, in the future, must also involve its better coordination at a supranational level.

Do We Still Need the World Trade Organization?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050012
Author(s):  
Silvia Nenci
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Trading System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

The recent explosion of bilateral and regional deals, President Trump’s policy against multilateralism, and, lastly, the restrictions to international trade because of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the issue of the need for a multilateral trading system, currently embodied by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Although the WTO has achieved most of its goals over the last two decades, it is undeniable that it is facing major challenges that question its relevance, effectiveness, fitness and responsiveness to contemporary issues. Is the lack of multilateralism worrisome? What will be the future of the WTO? By summarizing the past and current debate and proposing a critical reading of the WTO, this paper aims to answer these crucial questions.

Two Years after the Crisis: Do Risks of the Second Wave Become Stronger?

2011 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
World Economy ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Global Imbalances ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Second Wave

With signs of normalization seemingly in place in the world economy, a number of problems show the possibility of aggravation in the future. The volume of derivatives in American banks grows significantly, high risk instruments are back in place and their use becomes more active, global imbalances increase. All of the above requires thorough approaches when creating mechanisms which can neutralize external shocks for the Russian economy and make it possible to develop in the new post-crisis environment.

Upheaval in the distribution of power in the world economy: Problems and outlook of the world economy to 2050

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Klinov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Depressed State ◽  
Industry Output ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The Eu

Causes of upheaval in the distribution of power among large advanced and emerging market economies in the XXI century, especially in industry output and international trade, are a topic of the paper. Problems of employment, financialization and income distribution inequality as consequences of globalization are identified as the most important. Causes of the depressed state of the EU and the eurozone are presented in a detailed review. In this content, PwC forecast of changes in the world economy by 2050, to the author’s view, optimistically provides for wise and diligent economic policy.

Profilometry. Using Corneo-scleral topography for scleral lens fitting

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.

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