scholarly journals Effect of In-situ Rainwater Conservations and Sowing Date on Barley Yield and Weed Infestation: A Case study at Maychew and Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Abrham Tezera Gessesse ◽  
Araya Alemie Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation

One season experiment conducted at two sites in northern Ethiopia (Maychew and Mekelle). The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of in-situ rainwater conservation and sowing-date on soil-water status, barley yield and infestation of weeds. The treatments include three alternative sowing-dates (ESD; NSD; and LSD) and two in-situ rainwater conservation measures (tie-ridge and soil-bund, replicated three times. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to evaluate the effect of the treatments on total biomass and rainwater use efficiency (RWUE) of the local barley. The average soil-water content in the upper 0.6 m root zone in the soil-bund and tie-ridge improved over the control treatment by 14% and 24%, respectively. The grain yield on tie-ridge was increased significantly compared to the control at Maychew site. Tie-ridge improved grain yield by 4% and 18% over the control at Mekelle and Maychew, respectively. NSD significantly improved the grain yield over LSD at both experimental sites. Neither of the sowing-dates nor the in-situ rainwater conservation measures had significantly increased the dry-matter of a barley crop. However, when NSD combined with tie-ridge, the grain yield was significantly improved compared to the LSD. There was no significant difference in weed infestation in both experimental sites due to applying in-situ rainwater conservation. But, numbers of weeds were significantly higher in ESD compared to NSD and LSD on both experimental sites. For this reason, NSD with tie-ridging technique can be used as an option to obtain higher barley grain yield.  

scholarly journals Agronomic research in Martonvásár, aimed at promoting the efficiency of field crop production

2012 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Zoltán Berzsenyi ◽  
Péter Bónis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Experiment

The effect of crop production factors on the grain yield was analysed on the basis of three-factorial experiments laid out in a split-split-plot design. In the case of maize the studies were made as part of a long-term experiment set up in 1980 on chernozem soil with forest residues, well supplied with N and very well with PK. The effects of five N levels in the main plots and four sowing dates in the subplots were compared in terms of the performance of four medium early hybrids (FAO 200). In the technological adaptation experiments carried out with durum wheat, the N supplies were moderate (2010) or good (2011), while the P and K supplies were good or very good in both years. Six N top-dressing treatments were applied in the main plots and five plant protection treatments in the subplots to test the responses of three varieties. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance, while correlations between the variables were detected using regression analysis.The effect of the tested factors on the grain yield was significant in the three-factorial maize experiment despite the annual fluctuations, reflected in extremely variable environmental means. During the given period the effect of N fertilisation surpassed that of the sowing date and the genotype. Regression analysis on the N responses for various sowing dates showed that maize sown in the middle 10 days of April gave the highest yield, but the N rates required to achieve maximum values declined as sowing was delayed. In the very wet year, the yield of durum wheat was influenced to the greatest extent by the plant protection treatments, while N supplies and the choice of variety were of approximately the same importance.  In the favourable year the yielding ability was determined by topdressing and the importance of plant protection dropped to half,  while no  significant difference could be detected between the tested varieties. According to the results of regression analysis, the positive effect of plant protection could not be substituted by an increase in the N rate in either year. The achievement of higher yields was only possible by a joint intensification of plant protection and N fertilisation. Nevertheless, the use of more efficient chemicals led to a slightly, though not significantly, higher yield, with a lower N requirement. 

scholarly journals Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Varieties on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medikus) in the Highland Vertisols of North Shewa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Mebrate Tamrat Woldeselassie ◽  
Daniel Admasu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Difference

Field experiments were carried out to study the response of two lentil varieties to varying sowing dates in a split plot design with three replications, in which varieties were assigned to main plots and sowing dates to sub plots. The study was conducted at Enewari research site of Debre Birhan agricultural research center for three consecutive years (2007 - 2009) on two soil types. The results showed that no significant difference between varieties for grain yield. However, variety Alemaya produced highest grain yields of 1.3 t/ha and 1.22 t/ha from fifth (30-July) sowing date on heavy and relatively light Vertisols respectively. On the other hand, the local variety produced highest grain yields of 1.4 t/ha and 1.06 t/ha on the fifth and six sowing dates on heavy and relatively light Vertisols respectively. Grain yield proportionally increased with increasing biological yield in different sowing dates on both soil types. On heavy Vertisol varieties responded differently to the changes of sowing dates. Variety Alemaya had responded to a wider sowing dates. Early August to mid-August sowing found to be optimum for local variety. On light Vertisol, the functional relationship was unexplained for both varieties. In general, heavy Vertisol gave higher responses than relatively light vertisol throughout most parameters and levels tested.  

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

Effect of sowing date on the yield and quality of maize hybrids with different growing seasons

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Sowing

The yield, protein and starch content of Martonvásár maize hybrids belonging to different FAO groups were examined in experiments involving early, optimal and late sowing dates in two different years (drought — 2007, favourable water supplies — 2008) on a calcareous chernozem soil with loam texture at the Látókép Experimental Station of the Centre of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Debrecen.Sowing date had a significant effect on maize grain yield in the dry year. The grain yields of hybrids with longer growing periods were significantly higher than those with shorter growing periods in both years, but they reacted sensitively to the change in sowing date in the dry year. Due to the rainfall distribution in the growing season, sowing date did not modify the performance of the hybrids in the year with favourable water supplies. Sowing date had a significant effect on the grain protein content in the dry year, with significantly higher values after late sowing than after early or optimal sowing. Averaged over the sowing dates, the protein content of the FAO 200 hybrid was significantly higher in both years than that of hybrids in other FAO groups. In the dry year, the greatest difference in protein content could be observed between the early and late sowing dates for hybrids in all four FAO groups. A negative correlation was found between yield and protein content. Sowing date significantly increased the starch content of maize in the favourable year, with a significant difference between early and late sowing dates.In the dry year higher starch contents were recorded for all the hybrids and for all the sowing dates than in the favourable year. In the dry year, sowing date only caused a significant difference in the starch content in the case of FAO 200 sown at optimal and late sowing dates. In the favourable year, a significant difference was only obtained for the starch content of the FAO 400 hybrid sown at early and late sowing dates. Satisfactory quality can only be achieved if suitable genotypes are grown with appropriate technologies.

scholarly journals Pre-anthesis development of winter wheat and barley and relationships with grain yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosavljevic Milan ◽  
Momcolovic Vojislava ◽  
Maksimovic Ivana ◽  
Putnik-Delic Marina ◽  
Pržulj Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of (1) the effect of genotypic and environmental factors on pre-anthesis development and leaf appearance traits of barley and wheat; (2) the relationship of these factors with grain yield, and (3) the differences between these two crops across different environments/sowing dates. Therefore, trials with six two-row winter barley and six winter wheat cultivars were carried out in two successive growing seasons on four sowing dates. Our study showed that the observed traits varied between species, cultivars and sowing dates. In both growing seasons, biomass at anthesis and grain yield declined almost linearly by delaying the sowing date. There was no clear advantage in grain yield of wheat over barley under conditions of later sowing dates. Generally, barley produced more leaf and had shorter phyllochron than wheat. Both wheat and barley showed a similar relationship between grain yield and different pre-anthesis traits.

scholarly journals Study on the Morpho-physiological Character of Four Quality Protein of Maize (Corn)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
SK Mondal ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Physiological Character ◽  
Physiological Variability ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The experiment was conducted to find out the morpho-physiological variability in response to different sowing dates in four lines of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) in in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The study was carried out with four lines of maize and two sowing dates, 15 November (T1) and 15 December, ((T2). Sowing date differed significantly in plant height, length of leaf blade, length of leaf sheath, leaf breadth, cob length, cob diameter, length of tassel, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50 % silking, days to maturity, number of cobs per plant, cob weight, number of grain per cob. 1000-seed weight, percent underdeveloped cob, total dry matter and grain yield, but did not differ in number of leaves and protein percent. The lines differed significantly among themselves in those characters except number of leaves per plant, length of leaf sheath, cob length, cob diameter, days to 50% tasselling, number of cobs per plants and number of grain per cob. The line Across 8666 (V2) and (V3) gave the highest grain yield 4.57 and 4.55 and the lowest from (V4) lines 4.41 tons per hectare. The 15 November sowing time (T1) gave the highest grain yield 4.86 tons per hectare. In case of interaction, the earlier planting time (T1) showed better performance with all lines. On the other hand, the highest yield was found from combination of line V2 and V3 with earlier planting time (T1).J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 117-124 2017

Survey of farm management practices of the northern wheat belt of New South Wales

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Martin ◽  
MG McMillan ◽  
JB Cook
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fertiliser Use

A survey of management practices on wheat farms in northern New South Wales was carried out on 50 farms between 1983 and 1985 and was supplemented by a questionnaire mailed to 750 growers in 1985. Information was collected on crop rotation, tillage practice, fertiliser use and weed control practices. Data were collected from 1 paddock on each farm and included: wheat grain yield and quality, available soil water and nutrients at sowing, wild oat density, and incidence of soil-borne diseases. The 3-year average grain yield in survey paddocks was 2.2 t/ha. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting grain yield and protein in 1985. Of the variation in wheat grain yield, 74% was explained by variation in available soil water at sowing, available soil nitrate at sowing, sowing date and wild oat density. Grain protein content declined with increasing available soil water and phosphate at sowing and with earlier sowing, but increased with available nitrate at sowing. Agronomic practices aimed at maximising wheat grain yield, in the presence of a deficiency ofavailable soil nitrate, are likely to result in a reduction of grain protein content. Likewise, responses to application of nitrogenous fertiliser are likely to be inversely related to available soil water at sowing. The mean gross margin for 1984 and 1985, based on $100/t of wheat grain, was $128. The mean gross margin for the least profitable 20% of paddocks was $37, and $253 for the top 20%. New varieties of wheat and herbicides were readily adopted by farmers. On the other hand, adoption of nitrogenous fertiliser use was slow, considering the widespread and long-standing deficiencies of nitrogen in cropping soils of the region. Crop rotation and tillage practices have changed only marginally since the late 1940s. The results of this survey indicate that the usefulness of soil testing for predicting fertiliser requirements could be improved by taking into account levels of available soil water, weed competition and sowing date and by using multiple regression analysis.

The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: the effect of sowing date and soil type on root growth of high-yielding crops

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Barraclough ◽  
R. A. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Roots

SummaryThe effect of sowing date on root growth of high-yielding crops (8–1 It grain/ha, 85% D.M.) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hustler) was measured at Rothamsted and Woburn in 1980 and 1981. Roots were sampled by coring on five occasions and changes in root dry weight and length were determined. The average growth rate between March and June was about 1 g/m2/day (200 m/m2/day), over 5 times that measured between December and March. Increases in root weight or length with time were generally exponential to anthesis when the crops had 101–172 g root/m2 (20–32 km/m2). September-sown wheat had more root than October-sown wheat at all times, but whereas early differences in length were maintained throughout the season, root weights converged between March and June. Overall, there was no significant difference in root dry-matter production between sites at anthesis, but there was a substantial difference between years. Differences in root growth between crops were reduced by plotting the amount of root against either the number of days from sowing or accumulated thermal time. Using che latter, root growth between December and June was reasonably linear although there was some indication of a lag below 500 °C days. Regression equations obtained for the relationships between root growth and accumulated thermal time also fitted previously published data and may provide general descriptions of root growth with time.Roots of September-sown crops reached 1 m depth by December but those of October-sown crops were not detectable at this depth until April. For most crops the distribution of roots with depth was reasonably described by an exponential decay function, with over 50% of the roots in the top 20 cm of soil at all times. At Woburn in 1981, a plough-pan restricted roots to the upper soil horizons for most of the season but apparently had little effect on the total amount of root produced. For one of the experimental crops an empirical mathematical function describing the distribution of roots with depth and time is presented.Using the data from this and previously published studies, the relationship between grain yield and the amount of root at anthesis was investigated. Total root length was positively correlated with grain yield but nonetheless similarly yielding crops could have different-sized root systems. Total root dry weight was poorly correlated with grain yield.

Effect of sowing date and seed rate on the grain yield and protein content of winter barley

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Conry ◽  
A. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Lower Protein

SUMMARYAn experiment, carried out over a 5-year period (1984–88) on medium–heavy textured soil at Athy (Ireland), tested the effect of five sowing dates (early September–early December) and four seed rates (c. 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg/ha) on the grain yield and protein content of winter barley (cv. Panda).September-sown plots gave the greatest yields in all years. Plots sown in mid-October and later gave significantly reduced yields. Yield reductions over the 5-year period averaged 15, 24 and 34% for the mid-October, November and December sowing dates, respectively. Significant differences in yield between the smaller and larger seed rates were obtained, with the latter giving the greatest yields at all sowing dates from late September to December. Increasing the seed rate, however, did not compensate for the yield reduction due to delayed sowing. In the early September-sown plots, the higher seed rates gave reduced yields in four of the five years (1984–87) with the opposite result in 1988. In 1988 the early September-sown plots gave greater yields than the late September-sown plots.Regression analysis showed a strong relationship between yield and log(ears/m2) in four of the five years (1984–87) but the relationship was poor in 1988 primarily due to the inexplicably low ear population of the early-sown plots. The inclusion of 1000-grain weight in the model gave a better fit and accounted for a high proportion (62–80%) of the yield variation.The late September sowing date and the higher seed rates gave slightly lower protein levels in four of the five years. There was an inverse relationship between grain yield and protein for the same four years (1984–87).

Some factors influencing the development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under dry-farming systems in Sudan

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out over a 3-year period at two locations in the central rainlands of Sudan under rainfed conditions at one site and under supplementary irrigation at the other to study the effects of cultivars and cultural practices on growth and grain yield of sunflower. Four cultivars, namely, Manohurian, Peredovik, Hungarian-A and Hungarian-B and four intra-row spacings of 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm (in rows 60 cm apart) were tested with three sowing dates starting on 15 July and following at 15-day intervals. Manchurian outyielded the other three varieties under supplementary irrigation whereas under rainfed conditions the reverse was true. This was attributed to the relative earliness in flowering of the varieties and their moisture requirements. Manchurian was the tallest with the thickest stem and a larger head at both locations compared with the other three varieties. Under rainfed conditions, the early sowing date of 15 July gave a significantly higher grain yield than the other two sowing dates, with the last sowing date of 15 August giving significantly least. This is attributed to decreasing moisture availability with delayed sowings. But under supplementary irrigation the effect of sowing date was less marked. Contrasting effects of sowing dates on plant height and stem circumference were obtained under the two systems of production. Under rainfed conditions there was a decrease in plant height and stem circumference with delayed sowing, whereas under supplementary irrigation the reverse was true. A contrasting response of plant height to spacing was also obtained; wider intra-row spacing was associated with taller plants under rainfed conditions and shorter plants under supplementary irrigation. Wider spacing was associated with thicker stems and larger heads at both locations. On the evidence obtained, 45 cm intra-row spacing is recommended for rainfed planting and 30 cm intra-row spacing for irrigated production of sunflower.

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