scholarly journals Antimicrobial Study of Oil and Stem Bark Extracts of Pentaclethra Macrophylla Benth on Six Selected Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
A. M. Yusuf Babatunde ◽  
L. S. Kasim ◽  
Adegbite A. Ayoade
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Haemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Oil Extract

The antimicrobial activity of oil and stem bark extracts of pentaclethra macrophylla benth was determined against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumonia, Eschericia coli, Haemophilus influenza, α-Haemolytic Streptococcus and Yeast, using hole diffusion method. The results revealed that the most inhibitory zone (25.0mm) was recorded in hexane oil extract against staphylococcus aureus and α-Haemolytic Streptococcus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil extract ranges between 7.8125-62.5mg/ml on all the test organisms and aqueous stem bark extract inhibited only Eschericia coli with minimum, inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5mg/ml. However, the oil extract possessed more antimicrobial activity than the stem bark extract. These findings lend more knowledge to the use of pentaclethra macrophylla benth for medicinal purposes.  

scholarly journals Kinetics of killing and mode of action of Cinnamomum impressicostatum crude stem – bark extract on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayuba Sunday Buru ◽  
Vasanthakumari Neela ◽  
Kavitha Mohandas ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Background This study evaluated the mode of action of Cinnamomum impressicostatum on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Cinnamon is one of the most popular spices used by mankind to enhance the flavour of his cuisine. In addition, cinnamon contains medicinally important essential oils in its leaves, stems, twigs, fruits and inner and outer bark. Many species of cinnamon are widely used in traditional medicinal systems around the world for the treatment of a wide variety of infectious diseases including tuberculosis and salmonellosis.Methods The crude stem – bark water extract of C.impressicostatum was generated using sequential soxhlet extraction. The antibacterial activity of the extract was investigated by performing broth microdilution assays and determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). A time kill study was performed to determine the killing efficiency of the extract. Potential bacteriolytic activity of the extract against MRSA was evaluated. Potential summative or synergistic killing effects of the extract when supplemented with 7.5% NaCl was also determined. Leakage of intracellular cytoplasmic components through the bacterial plasma membrane was analysed by determining absorbance at 260 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the damaging effects of the extract on the cell wall of MRSA.Results The Soxhlet crude water extract of C.impressicostatum stem - bark recorded the highest zone of inhibition (i.e. 21.0  1.4 mm) in disk diffusion assays. Its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against MRSA was 19.5 g mL-1 and its Minimum Bactericidal Concentration was 39.0 g mL-1 . The combinatorial effect of the extract supplemented with 7.5% NaCl resulted in a marked decrease in bacterial growth suggesting enhanced killing with the use of NaCl that may be summative or synergistic in nature. Evidence suggests that treatment with the crude extract causes cytoplasmic leakage, possibly by damage to the bacterial cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane. This was substantiated by post treatment scanning electron microscopic analysis which revealed alterations in cell wall topology, possible damage to the bacterial cell wall and plasma membrane and the presence of vast amounts of cellular debris.Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the killing efficacy of C.impressicostatum stem - bark extract against MRSA is enhanced by NaCl and that treatment with the plant extract induces gross and irreversible cellular damage eventually leading to bacteriolysis. The bioactive compound(s) contained in the plant extract thus show immense potential for development into efficacious antibacterial drugs.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Screening and Phytochemical investigation of bark extracts of Acacia jacquemontii Benth.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
K Choudhary ◽  
M Singh ◽  
U Pillai ◽  
N S Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Acacia  jacquemontii was  assessed  for  active  principles  to  ascertain  the  rationale  for  its  use  in  traditional medicine. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the stem bark extracts showed that it possessed the active principles - alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assayed against pathogenic strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, S. pyrogenes, and Candida albcans using  the agar diffusion method. The plant extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the test microorganisms. B. cereus and B. pumilus were the most susceptible to the plant extract while Candida albicans was the most resistant. The minimum inhibitory  concentration  of  the  stem  bark  extract  of  the  plant  ranged  between  30  and  50 mg/ml while  the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged between 35 and 60 mg/ml. A. jacquemontii could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents.   Key words: Antibacterial; Antifungal; Baonli; Medicinal plants.  DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2384Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 21-26

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Ethanolic Wild African Nutmeg (Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Stem Bark Extract Potentials and Selected Conventional Toothpaste against Hidden Resident Mouth Cavity Microfora

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-36
Author(s):  
Mouth cavity Microfora. ◽  
Teniola Temitayo Mary
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Mouth Cavity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Streptococcus Ratti

The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of ethanolic stem extract of (Wild African nutmeg) Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) and some commercially available toothpaste against bacteria isolated from the hidden resident mouth cavity microfora. Bacteria were isolated from swabs of apparently healthy individuals and were identified using Staining procedure biochemical tests and the use of Bergey’s manual of bacteria identification  The assay for antibacterial activity of Pycnanthus angolensis stem bark extract and the four toothpastes were determined using agar well diffusion method. The Gram positive bacteria isolated were Streptococcus sangus, Streptococcus ratti, Stomatococcus mucilaginous., Peptostreptococcus  sp., and Streptococcus mutans and the Gram negative bacteria were Veillonella atypical, Veillonella parvula, Veillonella dispar and Acidiaminococcus sp. Oral B toothpaste showed maximum efficacy of inhibition with inhibition zone diameter as wide as 20 mm at 100 mg/ml. Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Close-up) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.13%, Veillonella parvula (10%), Veillonella dispar (12%), Peptostreptococcus  sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(9%), Streptococcus ratti (13%), Veillonella atypical (11%), Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (11%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Oral B toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora reveals Acidaminococcus sp.(11%,) Veillonella dispar (11%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp. (12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(15%), Streptococcus ratti (11%), Veillonella atypical (8%), Streptococcus sangus (10%),  and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution  of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (MyMy toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.(12%), Veillonella dispar (9%), Veillonella parvula (8%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(10%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(16%), Streptococcus ratti (9%), Veillonella atypical (15%),Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Olive toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora shows Acidaminococcus sp.(9%), Veillonella dispar (10%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(13%), Streptococcus ratti (10%) ,Veillonella atypical (17%), Streptococcus sangus (7%),  and Streptococcus mutans (12%). Pycnanthus Angolensis stem bark extract inhibited the growth of the oral bacterial isolates with of zones of inhibition diameter ranging from 6 mm to 17 mm at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Secondary metabolite (Phytochemical) screening shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroid, phenol, terpenoid, pyrrolozidine alkaloid, glycoside and cardiac glycoside with glycoside and terpenoid most present. However, anthraquinones and volatile oil were absent. With menial antibacterial activity, P. angolensis can be use in the formulation of herbal toothpaste. It should be advocated that Pycnanthus angolensis should be added to our convention toothpaste to improve the functional ingredient of the toothpaste and Plant-based traditional knowledge has become a recognized tool in search for new sources of drugs. It is clear that the use of these herbal plants can offer a platform for further research.

scholarly journals Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Cola milleni seed and pulp extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
A.M. Aliyu ◽  
S.J. Oluwafemi ◽  
S. Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Notatum ◽  
Standard Techniques

All over the world, hundreds of plants have been identified based on researchers and experimental evidence as good sources of medicinal agents. The bioactive components (phytochemicals) of both the seeds and pulp of Cola milleni were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The bioactive components detected were alkaloids, tanins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, resins and terpenes while Flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthracyanides and phenol were not detected for both the seed and pulps. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (Seed and pulp) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum was carried out using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest zone of inhibition for pulp having a range of 9.7mm±0.58mm - 19.7mm±2.52mm while Penicllium notatum had the least with 0.00mm. S.aureus also had the highest zone of inhibition range of 14.3mm±2.08mm - 21.3mm±1.53mm for the seed extract while penicillium had the least inhibition range of 5.0mm±1.00mm - 5.7mm±0.58. E.coli showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration with ethanol extract of the pulp (160mg/ml) while penicillium notatum was not reactive. The minimum inhibitory concentration of seed against penillium notatum was the highest (160mg/ml) while staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest of 40mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity is as a result of the presence of phytochemicals detected, which suggest the use of the plant for the treatment of diseases caused by these organisms. Key words: Cola millenii, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Fungi

scholarly journals Which Approach Is More Effective in the Selection of Plants with Antimicrobial Activity?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Oliveira Silva ◽  
Elidiane Fonseca Santana ◽  
Antonio Marcos Saraiva ◽  
Felipe Neves Coutinho ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Acre Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Plant Drugs ◽  
Selection Of

The development of the present study was based on selections using random, direct ethnopharmacological, and indirect ethnopharmacological approaches, aiming to evaluate which method is the best for bioprospecting new antimicrobial plant drugs. A crude extract of 53 species of herbaceous plants collected in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil was tested against 11 microorganisms. Well-agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques were used. Ten extracts from direct, six from random, and three from indirect ethnopharmacological selections exhibited activities that ranged from weak to very active against the organisms tested. The strain most susceptible to the evaluated extracts wasStaphylococcus aureus. The MIC analysis revealed the best result for the direct ethnopharmacological approach, considering that some species yielded extracts classified as active or moderately active (MICs between 250 and 1000 µg/mL). Furthermore, one species from this approach inhibited the growth of the threeCandidastrains. Thus, it was concluded that the direct ethnopharmacological approach is the most effective when selecting species for bioprospecting new plant drugs with antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SEVEN BROWN ALGAE HARVESTED FROM THE COAST OF SIDI BOUZID (EL JADIDA-MOROCCO)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
NAZHA SAMRI ◽  
LAILA HSAINE ◽  
SOUKAINA ELKAFHI ◽  
SAMIRA KHLIFI ◽  
SAMIRA ETAHIRI
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Sidi Bouzid ◽  
El Jadida ◽  
Algal Extracts

Objective: This work aims at the screening of the antimicrobial activity of the seven brown marine algae of theCoast of Sidi Bouzid (El Jadida-Morocco). Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of seven brown marine algae against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes). Three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia) and two fungi (Aspergillus Niger and Candida tropicalis). Thus, 35 algal extracts were prepared with five organic solvents methanol/water, methanol, dichloromethane/methanol, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activity was evaluated through the disk diffusion method. Results: Data revealed that the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was the most sensitive pathogen by showing the highest zone of inhibitions of 20 mm with the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 2 μgmL⁻¹ methanol/water extract of Cystoseira tamariscifolia. Whereas, antifungal activity, the highest zone of inhibitions of 21 mm and 22 mm with the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 5 μgmL-¹ was respectively shown in the methanol/water extract of Laminaria ochroleuca against Candida tropicalis and in the dichloromethanolic extract of Sargassum vulgare against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: The results indicate that these algal extracts can further be analyzed and purified for relevant antibacterial and antifungal compounds which can be used in therapeutics and other applications.

scholarly journals In VitroAntimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil ofThymus schimperi,Matricaria chamomilla,Eucalyptus globulus, andRosmarinus officinalis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awol Mekonnen ◽  
Berhanu Yitayew ◽  
Alemnesh Tesema ◽  
Solomon Taddese
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

In this study, thein vitroantimicrobial activities of four plant essential oils (T. schimperi,E. globulus,R. officinalis, andM. Chamomilla) were evaluated against bacteria and fungi. The studies were carried out using agar diffusion method for screening the most effective essential oils and agar dilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oils. Results of this study revealed that essential oils ofT. schimperi,E. globulus, andR. officinaliswere active against bacteria and some fungi. The antimicrobial effect ofM. chamomillawas found to be weaker and did not show any antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ofT. schimperiwere<15.75 mg/mL for most of the bacteria and fungi used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the other essential oils were in the range of 15.75–36.33 mg/mL against tested bacteria. This study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil ofE. globulus,M. chamomilla,T. Schimperi, andR. officinalis. The results indicated thatT. schimperihave shown strong antimicrobial activity which could be potential candidates for preparation of antimicrobial drug preparation.

scholarly journals Screening of the antimicrobial activity of marine sponge extracts from Martinique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Piron ◽  
Jessica Pastour ◽  
Niklas Tysklind ◽  
Juliette Smith-Ravin ◽  
Fabienne Priam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

AbstractMarine sponges are known for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity. In this study, the activity of aqueous and ethanoic extracts of 3 sponges from Martinique were tested on 5 bacterial strains: Bascillus cereus (CIP 783), Echerichia coli (CIP 54127), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIP A22), Staphylococcus aureus (CIP 67.8) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (CIP 76125). The antimicrobial activity of Agelas clathrodes, Desmapsamma anchorata, and Verongula rigida, was demonstrated using the disc diffusion method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. The ethanoic extract of Agelas clathrodes had an inhibitory activity specifically on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. No activity was observed for the other extracts. Further chemical analyses will be carried out in order to identify the active molecules of these sponges.

scholarly journals A study of the type of antimicrobial action of novel compounds synthesized from substituted benzaminoindoles

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
IS Stepanenko ◽  
SA Yamashkin ◽  
YuA Kostina ◽  
ED Slastnikov ◽  
AA Batarsheva
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Action ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations

The antimicrobial activity of novel compounds is tested by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of the agent in question and investigating a few other parameters, including the type of antimicrobial action the drug exhibits. The aim of this study was to determine the type of antimicrobial action of the compounds synthesized from the substituted benzaminoindoles. The strain of Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538-Р was briefly exposed to the compounds with laboratory codes 5D, 7D, HD, and S3. Bacterial growth was evaluated macroscopically under transmitted light. Additionally, photoelectric colorimetry was applied to monitor changes in the optical density of the culture medium. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the studied compounds delayed bacterial growth for 2–3 days and had a bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus.

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