ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SEVEN BROWN ALGAE HARVESTED FROM THE COAST OF SIDI BOUZID (EL JADIDA-MOROCCO)

Objective: This work aims at the screening of the antimicrobial activity of the seven brown marine algae of theCoast of Sidi Bouzid (El Jadida-Morocco). Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of seven brown marine algae against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes). Three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia) and two fungi (Aspergillus Niger and Candida tropicalis). Thus, 35 algal extracts were prepared with five organic solvents methanol/water, methanol, dichloromethane/methanol, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activity was evaluated through the disk diffusion method. Results: Data revealed that the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was the most sensitive pathogen by showing the highest zone of inhibitions of 20 mm with the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 2 μgmL⁻¹ methanol/water extract of Cystoseira tamariscifolia. Whereas, antifungal activity, the highest zone of inhibitions of 21 mm and 22 mm with the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 5 μgmL-¹ was respectively shown in the methanol/water extract of Laminaria ochroleuca against Candida tropicalis and in the dichloromethanolic extract of Sargassum vulgare against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: The results indicate that these algal extracts can further be analyzed and purified for relevant antibacterial and antifungal compounds which can be used in therapeutics and other applications.

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Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Cola milleni seed and pulp extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.12s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75

Author(s):

A.M. Aliyu ◽

S.J. Oluwafemi ◽

S. Kasim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Penicillium Notatum ◽

Standard Techniques

All over the world, hundreds of plants have been identified based on researchers and experimental evidence as good sources of medicinal agents. The bioactive components (phytochemicals) of both the seeds and pulp of Cola milleni were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The bioactive components detected were alkaloids, tanins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, resins and terpenes while Flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthracyanides and phenol were not detected for both the seed and pulps. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (Seed and pulp) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum was carried out using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest zone of inhibition for pulp having a range of 9.7mm±0.58mm - 19.7mm±2.52mm while Penicllium notatum had the least with 0.00mm. S.aureus also had the highest zone of inhibition range of 14.3mm±2.08mm - 21.3mm±1.53mm for the seed extract while penicillium had the least inhibition range of 5.0mm±1.00mm - 5.7mm±0.58. E.coli showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration with ethanol extract of the pulp (160mg/ml) while penicillium notatum was not reactive. The minimum inhibitory concentration of seed against penillium notatum was the highest (160mg/ml) while staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest of 40mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity is as a result of the presence of phytochemicals detected, which suggest the use of the plant for the treatment of diseases caused by these organisms. Key words: Cola millenii, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Fungi

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Which Approach Is More Effective in the Selection of Plants with Antimicrobial Activity?

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/308980 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Oliveira Silva ◽

Elidiane Fonseca Santana ◽

Antonio Marcos Saraiva ◽

Felipe Neves Coutinho ◽

Ricardo Henrique Acre Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Plant Drugs ◽

Selection Of

The development of the present study was based on selections using random, direct ethnopharmacological, and indirect ethnopharmacological approaches, aiming to evaluate which method is the best for bioprospecting new antimicrobial plant drugs. A crude extract of 53 species of herbaceous plants collected in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil was tested against 11 microorganisms. Well-agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques were used. Ten extracts from direct, six from random, and three from indirect ethnopharmacological selections exhibited activities that ranged from weak to very active against the organisms tested. The strain most susceptible to the evaluated extracts wasStaphylococcus aureus. The MIC analysis revealed the best result for the direct ethnopharmacological approach, considering that some species yielded extracts classified as active or moderately active (MICs between 250 and 1000 µg/mL). Furthermore, one species from this approach inhibited the growth of the threeCandidastrains. Thus, it was concluded that the direct ethnopharmacological approach is the most effective when selecting species for bioprospecting new plant drugs with antimicrobial activities.

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A study of the type of antimicrobial action of novel compounds synthesized from substituted benzaminoindoles

Bulletin of Russian State Medical University ◽

10.24075/brsmu.2019.030 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

IS Stepanenko ◽

SA Yamashkin ◽

YuA Kostina ◽

ED Slastnikov ◽

AA Batarsheva

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Optical Density ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antimicrobial Action ◽

Bacteriostatic Effect ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations

The antimicrobial activity of novel compounds is tested by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of the agent in question and investigating a few other parameters, including the type of antimicrobial action the drug exhibits. The aim of this study was to determine the type of antimicrobial action of the compounds synthesized from the substituted benzaminoindoles. The strain of Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538-Р was briefly exposed to the compounds with laboratory codes 5D, 7D, HD, and S3. Bacterial growth was evaluated macroscopically under transmitted light. Additionally, photoelectric colorimetry was applied to monitor changes in the optical density of the culture medium. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the studied compounds delayed bacterial growth for 2–3 days and had a bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus.

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Functionally Modified Zeolite Powders for Delivering Antibacterial Performance to Cellulosic Paper

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.807.141 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 807 ◽

pp. 141-150

Author(s):

Lin Yuan ◽

Xue Ren Qian

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antibacterial Performance ◽

Cellulosic Paper

Zeolite powders were first treated with hydrochloric acid, then reacted with sodium chloride, and sodium zeolite (Na-Zeolite) powders were obtained. Further Antibacterial zeolite powders were prepared by loading metal ions such as, Ag+ and Zn2+, Ag+ and Cu2+, Zn2+and Cu2+, Ag+ and Cu2+and Zn2+, through ion exchange. The powders were characterized by minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC), SEM/EDXA and XRD. Antibacterial paper with antibacterial zeolite powders as filler was fabricated. The results demonstrated that MIC of loading (Ag++Zn2+) zeolite was 125ppm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . MIC of loading (Ag++Cu2++Zn2+) zeolite was 62.5ppm against Candida albicans and Aspergillus Niger. By adding 6% of (Ag++Zn2+), (Ag++Cu2+), and (Ag++Cu2++Zn2+) antibacterial zeolite powders, respectively, antibacterial paper were prepared; and the antibacterial rate of these papers against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus Niger for 4h is close to 100%.

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Kinetics of killing and mode of action of Cinnamomum impressicostatum crude stem – bark extract on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-396330/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayuba Sunday Buru ◽

Vasanthakumari Neela ◽

Kavitha Mohandas ◽

Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Water Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Background This study evaluated the mode of action of Cinnamomum impressicostatum on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Cinnamon is one of the most popular spices used by mankind to enhance the flavour of his cuisine. In addition, cinnamon contains medicinally important essential oils in its leaves, stems, twigs, fruits and inner and outer bark. Many species of cinnamon are widely used in traditional medicinal systems around the world for the treatment of a wide variety of infectious diseases including tuberculosis and salmonellosis.Methods The crude stem – bark water extract of C.impressicostatum was generated using sequential soxhlet extraction. The antibacterial activity of the extract was investigated by performing broth microdilution assays and determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). A time kill study was performed to determine the killing efficiency of the extract. Potential bacteriolytic activity of the extract against MRSA was evaluated. Potential summative or synergistic killing effects of the extract when supplemented with 7.5% NaCl was also determined. Leakage of intracellular cytoplasmic components through the bacterial plasma membrane was analysed by determining absorbance at 260 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the damaging effects of the extract on the cell wall of MRSA.Results The Soxhlet crude water extract of C.impressicostatum stem - bark recorded the highest zone of inhibition (i.e. 21.0  1.4 mm) in disk diffusion assays. Its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against MRSA was 19.5 g mL-1 and its Minimum Bactericidal Concentration was 39.0 g mL-1 . The combinatorial effect of the extract supplemented with 7.5% NaCl resulted in a marked decrease in bacterial growth suggesting enhanced killing with the use of NaCl that may be summative or synergistic in nature. Evidence suggests that treatment with the crude extract causes cytoplasmic leakage, possibly by damage to the bacterial cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane. This was substantiated by post treatment scanning electron microscopic analysis which revealed alterations in cell wall topology, possible damage to the bacterial cell wall and plasma membrane and the presence of vast amounts of cellular debris.Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the killing efficacy of C.impressicostatum stem - bark extract against MRSA is enhanced by NaCl and that treatment with the plant extract induces gross and irreversible cellular damage eventually leading to bacteriolysis. The bioactive compound(s) contained in the plant extract thus show immense potential for development into efficacious antibacterial drugs.

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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Batang Tumbuhan Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia Pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) Terhadap Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

10.31227/osf.io/9ak3h ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ardianti Febriana

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Tetracycline Hcl ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

AbstrakTumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) secara empiris digunakan sebagai obat yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Namun, belum pernah diteliti mengenai aktivitas antibakteri tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri umbi batang sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) terhadap bakteri Gram negatif dan Gram positif yaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus, menentukan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM), dan nilai banding ak- tivitas antibakterinya terhadap tetrasiklin-HCl. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri umbi batang sarang semut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak umbi batang sarang semut memiliki ak- tivitas antibakteri terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut. Konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) ekstrak umbi batang sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa terletak pada konsentrasi 0,83 % , sedangkan pada Staph- ylococcus aureus terletak pada konsentrasi 0,8 %. Hasil uji banding ekstrak umbi batang sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) dengan tetrasiklin-HCl terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus berturut-turut sebesar 1 : 6,709 x 10-4 dan 1 : 1,038 x 10-5. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak umbi batang sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) mengandung flavonoid dan polifenol.Kata kunci: Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry, Aktivitas antibakteri, Pseudomo- nas, StaphylococcusABSTRACTThe ant plant (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) is one of plant applied as tradi- tional medicine. Empirically, the tuber of the ant plant have antibacterial activity. However, the examination of antimicrobial activity from extract of the tuber has never been reported. The research was done to know the activity of antimcrobial againts Gram positive and Gram negatif bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the tuber, and comparative value antibacterial activity with tetracycline-HCl. The result revealed that the tuber of the ant plant (Myrmeco-dia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry) has antibacterial activity againts those bacteria. The Min- imum Inhibitory Concentration of extract from the tuber of ant plant to Pseudomonas aeru- ginosa was in range 8,2x103-8,3x103 ppm of concentration, and to Staphylococcus aureus was in range 7,5x103-8x103 ppm of concentration. Comparative value of extract from the tuber of ant plant with tetracycline-HCl againts Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococ- cus aureus were respective 1:.6.709 x 10-4 and :1.038 x 10-5. Phytochemical screening showed that the extract of the tuber contains flavonoid and polifenol.Keywords: Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L. M. Perry, Antibacterial activity, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN AND BOVINE LACTOFERRIN AGAINST GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA AND CANDIDA ALBICANS

Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology ◽

10.36233/0372-9311-2018-2-54-58 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

V. N. Zorina ◽

O. N. Vorobeva ◽

N. A. Zorin

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Physiological Solution ◽

Bovine Lactoferrin ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

High Doses

Aim. A comparative study of the effect ofbovine and human lactoferrin (LF) on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans strains. Materials and methods. The daily agar cultures of museum and clinical strains of microorganisms were standardized, diluted with physiological solution up (from 5000 microbial cells/ ml to 0.1 ml) was added to the stepwise dilution of LF (from 1000 pg /ml) and incubated 18 - 24 hours at 37°C. The amount of LF in the sample with the total apparent growth retardation of the microbes was the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the strain. Results. The MIC of human LF was 4 - 8 times less than MIC of bovine LF. The smallest dose was required for the suppression of C. albicans (11.3±1.5 and 43.8±9.5 pg/ml respectively), the largest when using human LF was needed to suppress S. aureus (38,2±4,6), and in a case of bovine LF - E. faecalis (206,3±51,1). Conclusion. Human LF is much more effective in suppressing bacterial infection, but in the course of evolution, there is an increase in the resistance of S. aureus to LF. The higher availability of bovine LF and the lack of a tendency to increase resistance, it is advisable to use high-doses of bovine LF in the treatment of resistant forms of bacteria and C. albicans.

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Time-Kill Assay of 4-Hydroxypanduratin A Isolated from Kaempferia Pandurata Against Foodborne Pathogens

Molekul ◽

10.20884/1.jm.2017.12.2.363 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

Soerya Dewi Marliyana ◽

Didin Mujahidin ◽

Yana M Syah ◽

Yaya Rukayadi

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Proteus Mirabilis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Time Curve ◽

Time Kill ◽

Strong Antimicrobial Activity

Time–kill assay was performed for 4-hydroxypanduratin A that was isolated from Kaempferia pandurata rizhome against four important foodborne pathogens, namely Bacillus cereus ATCC 21772, Bacillu subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 21100. The methods have been investigated in term of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and killing time curve using methods of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The results showed that 4-hydroxypanduratin A rapid acting in killing bacteria as follow: B. cereus : 1×MIC for 4 h, P. mirabilis: 4×MIC for 0.5 h, meanwhile B. subtilis and S. aureus were 1×MIC for 2 h. In conclusion, 4-hydroxypanduratin A showed strong antimicrobial activity against four important foodborne pathogens.

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Antimicrobial Study of Oil and Stem Bark Extracts of Pentaclethra Macrophylla Benth on Six Selected Pathogens

Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.18034/mjmbr.v3i1.399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

A. M. Yusuf Babatunde ◽

L. S. Kasim ◽

Adegbite A. Ayoade

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Haemolytic Streptococcus ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Oil Extract

The antimicrobial activity of oil and stem bark extracts of pentaclethra macrophylla benth was determined against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumonia, Eschericia coli, Haemophilus influenza, α-Haemolytic Streptococcus and Yeast, using hole diffusion method. The results revealed that the most inhibitory zone (25.0mm) was recorded in hexane oil extract against staphylococcus aureus and α-Haemolytic Streptococcus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil extract ranges between 7.8125-62.5mg/ml on all the test organisms and aqueous stem bark extract inhibited only Eschericia coli with minimum, inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5mg/ml. However, the oil extract possessed more antimicrobial activity than the stem bark extract. These findings lend more knowledge to the use of pentaclethra macrophylla benth for medicinal purposes.

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CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF POLYALTHIA STENOPETALA ESSENTIAL OIL

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.9051 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (6-8) ◽

Author(s):

Noor Izzatie Munira Kamaruddin ◽

Nor Azah Mohamad Ali ◽

Muhd Fauzi Safian ◽

Zaidah Zainal Ariffin

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Subtilis Atcc ◽

Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

Polyalthia stenopetala essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves and were analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. Thirty one compounds were identified from the analysis. The most abundant components in the leaves oil are curzerene (37.56%) followed by viridiflorol (11.59%), germacrene B (3.77%) and aromadendrene (4.01%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil essential oils was determined with disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Four bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) Psedomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and two yeasts, Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 4098) were selected. The crude oil shows the most reactivity against B. subtilis (ATCC 6633) and C. albicans (ATCC 10231) with an inhibitory zone of 11mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sample against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) Psedomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) in range of 0.5 mg/ml – 1.0 mg/ml which can categorized as strong.

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