scholarly journals Edible Insects: Future of Human Food - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Pal ◽  
Spandita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
True Bugs ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Global Food Crisis

The practice of eating insects is known as entomophagy. Many animals, such as spiders, lizards and birds, are entomophagous, as are many insects. People throughout the world have been eating insects as a regular part of their diets for millennia. As people in rural areas suffer from under nutrition, especially protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in Africa, Latin America and Asia, alternative nutritional food sources are needed. From ants to beetle larvae – eaten by tribes in Africa and Australia as part of their subsistence diets – to the popular, crispy-fried locusts and beetles enjoyed in Thailand, it is estimated that insect-eating is practised regularly by at least 2 billion people worldwide. More than 1900 insect species have been documented in literature as edible, most of them in tropical countries. The most commonly eaten insect groups are beetles, caterpillars, bees, wasps, ants, grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, cicadas, leaf and plant hoppers, scale insects and true bugs, termites, dragonflies and flies. The purpose of the present review is to determine the status of present research in the context of the potentiality of insects as alternative food source to cope up with the emerging problem of global food crisis

scholarly journals A Scientific Review on Kuposhanajaya Vikara W.S.R. to Protein Energy Malnutrition and its Treatment in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Sudheer Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Protein Energy

The preservation of children’s health is the prime duty of humanity. In every country, children constitute a priority group. Current Indian population according to a survey is 1.21 billion. (2011census) and about 37.3% of total populations are children. Among which 158.8 million children are of 0-6 year’s age group (13.12 % of Indian population). The health status of adult population is a continuation of health status of children in terms of Growth, Nutrition and Development. Health of a child is a growing concern all over, with rapid economic growth and social changes both in developed and developing parts of the world. Therefore, vital importance towards these children is felt in need. Malnutrition mainly arises from inadequate diet and frequent infection, leading to insufficient intake of calories, protein, vitamins and minerals. Malnourished children suffer more frequent and severe infectious illnesses; furthermore, even mild under-nutrition increases a child’s risk of morbidity and mortality. Chronic under-nutrition in children can also lead to long-term developmental problems. Ahara Dosha is the main predisposing factor of this disorder and Alpasana and Vishamasana (false habits of intake) especially results in the development of Karshya. Meaning of Balasosha is “Emaciation of child”. According to Ayurvada it originates from nutritional deficiency in children, which is called as protein energy malnutrition . Although exact correlation of Balasosha with any specific disease of modern medicine is not possible but keeping in view the various clinical signs and symptoms of P.E.M., it can be equated with karshaya, phakka roga, parigarbhika, to some extent.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors for Protein Energy Malnutrition Among Children Below 5 Years Admitted at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiu Adewale SUBERU ◽  
Leila Aweis MAALIM ◽  
Saheed Adekunle AKINOLA ◽  
Yusuf Olusola FASEUN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Protein Energy

Abstract Background Undernutrition immensely contribute to the death of almost half of the children under 5 years, translating into the loss of about 3 million young lives a year. In developing countries, penultimate to hunger that constitute to the death of most children, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) amongst other factors account for the death of 49% of children below the age of five. Due to incessant increase in poverty level in Uganda, Jinja District five-year development plan of 2011 was designed to curb menace posed by malnutrition not only on children but also adults in this district. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with PEM among under-fives admitted in the paediatric wards of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (JRRH). Methods To carry out this study, a descriptive questionnaire-based and facility-based cross-sectional study design was used which will apply both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study involved a sample size of 364 with the study population being under-fives admitted in the paediatric wards of JRRH between March and August 2019.Results Results of this study shows that 52 out of 364 admissions were due to PEM giving a prevalence of 14.29%, males being affected more than females, with suboptimal immunization history. Children aged between 12 – 24 months contributed the highest (34.62%) cases of PEM and most are living in rural areas with low family socio-economic status and poor breastfeeding and feeding practices. The under-five PEM case-fatality rate was 2% (1 out of 52). Conclusion In conclusion, both the prevalence and case fatality rates of under-five PEM were high, calling for appropriate interventions based on the associated factors.

6. Under-nutrition

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Inability To Work

Severe under-nutrition is generally associated with developing countries where food is in short supply, affecting some 162 million people world-wide, but malnutrition is also seen in about 2 per cent of the population of developed countries. ‘Under-nutrition’ highlights the three conditions classified as protein-energy malnutrition: marasmus, which affects adults and children; kwashiorkor, which affects young children; and cachexia, which is associated with advanced cancer and other chronic diseases, and involves increased metabolic rate as well as reduced food intake. Malnutrition leads to impaired immune responses, predisposing to infection, and muscle loss resulting in increased fatiguability, inability to work, and falls.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) among children under five years of age in rural communities of Lahore, Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Bhatti ◽  
Khuram Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Housing Condition ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Protein Energy

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and determinants of Protein energy malnutrition among children under five years of age in rural areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Four Rural Communities (Hussainabad, Shershah Colony, Dubai Town and Bhobtia Pind) of Lahore, Pakistan. Period: September 2016 to March 2017. Material & Methods: Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. Anthropometric measures were obtained from children under five years of age. Results: Prevalence of PEM was found to be 52.8% in children under five years of age in the rural communities of Lahore, Pakistan. Significant association was found in PEM and number of siblings, mother’s literacy, father’s educational level, socioeconomic status, Knowledge of mother regarding diet, housing condition. So, all these factors are considered as significant determinants of PEM. Conclusion: More children suffer from the burden of PEM. Risk factors like age, sex, type of family, number of siblings, mother’s literacy, father’s educational level, socioeconomic status, Knowledge of mother regarding diet, housing condition contribute greatly to develop PEM. There is a need to take measures to prevent the nation from this suffering. Steps must be taken to implement polices to prevent PEM. Government should launch educational interventions on large scale to alleviate this suffering. Health professional must pay special attention to this debilitating issue.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary intervention for reducing malnutrition among children in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sheikholeslam ◽  
M. Kimiagar ◽  
F. Siasi ◽  
Z. Abdollahi ◽  
A. Jazayeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Multidisciplinary Intervention ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Mixed Pattern

A multidisciplinary intervention to reduce protein-energy malnutrition among children in rural areas was piloted in 3 provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Based on an initial situation analysis, a range of interventions were implemented through local nongovernmental organizations, including nutrition, health and literacy education for mothers, improved growth monitoring and fostering rural cooperatives and income generation schemes. Malnutrition before and after the intervention [in 1996 and 1999] was assessed using anthropometric measurements of r and om samples of children aged 6-35 months in control and intervention areas. Three years into the intervention, all indicators of malnutrition had consistently decreased in all intervention areas and the prevalence of underweight and stunting was significantly lower. Control areas showed a mixed pattern of small increases and decreases in malnutrition indicators

Socioeconomic determinants of protein and calorie consumption and potential risk of protein-energy malnutrition among households in South-West Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dare Akerele ◽  
Mohammed Kebiru Ibrahim ◽  
Samuel Adewuyi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
School Age ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose – The study aimed to investigate the problem of malnutrition among Nigerian households with emphasis on protein and calorie intake. Design/methodology/approach – Multi-stage random sampling approach was used to select 321 household members drawn from a total of 80 households. A combination of descriptive and inferential statistics was applied in analysing the data. Findings – The study revealed that household income, dependency ratio, education and gender of household head, among others, are factors that would significantly influence per capita daily calorie and protein intake of households. Protein-energy malnutrition is more of inadequate calorie than protein intake. There was confirmatory evidence of inadequate consumption of calorie among pre-school and school age children, while adult male members seemed to consume the above requirements with the possibility of being at the risk of obesity. Though children were undernourished, they are unlikely to be marasmic. Originality/value – The study examined the problem of malnutrition among Nigerian households with emphasis on protein and calorie intake. Socio-economic factors influencing per capita calorie and protein intakes as well as the possible risks of protein-energy malnutrition among household members were also examined. The patterns of intake of calorie and protein consumption among household members indicated the possibility of over-nutrition and under-nutrition coexisting among members of the households with over-nutrition and potential risks of obesity in adult males and under-nutrition among pre-school and school age children.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Protein Energy Malnutrition among under Five Year Children in Pediatric OPDs of Public Health Institution in Yirgalem Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
◽  
Iyasu Estiphanos Berisha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

ntroduction: Protein energy malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five in developing countries. Ethiopia being one of these countries malnutrition is an important public health problem and among the highest in the world Objectives: The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of protein energy malnutrition among under-five children in pediatric OPDs of public health institutions at Yirgalem town, Dale woreda, Sidama zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia from September 18-26, 2017. Methodology: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in pediatric OPDs of public health institutions in Yirgalem town, on a total of 204 children age less than five years from September 18-26, 2017. Study subjects were selected by using quota sampling technique. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to collect data. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0statistical software. Result: This study indicated that the prevalence of stunting wasting and Under-weight was 41.2%, 1.7% and 25% respectively. Factors showed statistically significant association in multivariate analysis were family planning use by mother, children eat together with older siblings and exclusive breast feeding with P-value (0.02), (0.036) and (0.002) respectively. Conclusion: This study reviled that the prevalence of stunting, wasting and under-weight were higher among under-five children participated in this study. Thus children are at a higher risk of under nutrition related morbidity and mortality. Further progress in under nutrition prevention can be achieved by specifically targeting children at their early age and conducting tailored public education to improve the nutritional status of the study subjects.

scholarly journals Quality evaluation of sweetpotato-based complementary food

Agrosearch ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
S.J. Olatunde ◽  
O.D. Oyewole ◽  
V.F. Abioye ◽  
G.O. Babarinde ◽  
R.O. Adetola
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Range Of Values

Complementary Food (CF) was developed using locally available food raw materials (millet, soybean and sweetpotato) to tackle infant malnutrition especially in rural areas. Four different samples of CF were formulated using different ratios of millet flour (MF), sweet potato flour (SPF), soybean flour (SBF); A (55% MF, 30% SPF and 15%SBF), B (50% MF, 30% SPF and 20%SBF), C (45% MF, 30% SPF and 25%SBF), and D (40% MF, 30% SPF and 30% SBF). Commercial complementary food (Nutribom) was used as control sample. The proximate and functional properties of the formulated CF were determined. The following range of values were obtained for all the complementary samples, moisture (2.98-9.05%), protein (5.06-13.19%), fat (2.50-8.71%), fibre (0.13-2.19%), ash (1.26-2.31%) and carbohydrate (55.6-57.6%). The protein, fat and fibre contents of the complementary food increased while moisture, ash and carbohydrate contents reduced with an increase in the level of SBF. The water absorption capacity, swelling power, and bulk density of the complimentary food samples ranged between 28.00 and 43.67 ml/g; 2.86 and5.22 (g/g) and 0.69and 0.81 g/ml, respectively. The functional properties of the complementary food increased when compared with the control. The complementary food blends that could be regarded as appropriate formulation based on the exhibited quality attributes evaluated was sample B which contained 50, 30 and 20% of MF, SPF and SBF, respectively. This product can serve as an alternative to commercial weaning food to prevent protein-energy malnutrition, which may help in the growth and development of children among the poor populace. Keywords: Complementary foods, functional properties, proximate properties and minerals contents

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