Socioeconomic determinants of protein and calorie consumption and potential risk of protein-energy malnutrition among households in South-West Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dare Akerele ◽  
Mohammed Kebiru Ibrahim ◽  
Samuel Adewuyi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
School Age ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose – The study aimed to investigate the problem of malnutrition among Nigerian households with emphasis on protein and calorie intake. Design/methodology/approach – Multi-stage random sampling approach was used to select 321 household members drawn from a total of 80 households. A combination of descriptive and inferential statistics was applied in analysing the data. Findings – The study revealed that household income, dependency ratio, education and gender of household head, among others, are factors that would significantly influence per capita daily calorie and protein intake of households. Protein-energy malnutrition is more of inadequate calorie than protein intake. There was confirmatory evidence of inadequate consumption of calorie among pre-school and school age children, while adult male members seemed to consume the above requirements with the possibility of being at the risk of obesity. Though children were undernourished, they are unlikely to be marasmic. Originality/value – The study examined the problem of malnutrition among Nigerian households with emphasis on protein and calorie intake. Socio-economic factors influencing per capita calorie and protein intakes as well as the possible risks of protein-energy malnutrition among household members were also examined. The patterns of intake of calorie and protein consumption among household members indicated the possibility of over-nutrition and under-nutrition coexisting among members of the households with over-nutrition and potential risks of obesity in adult males and under-nutrition among pre-school and school age children.

scholarly journals Role of Serum Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgA, IgM, and IgG in the Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Related Pneumonia in School-Age Children and Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ju Lee ◽  
Eng-Yen Huang ◽  
Chih-Min Tsai ◽  
Kuang-Che Kuo ◽  
Yi-Chuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important causative pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection is important so that appropriate antibiotic treatment can be initiated to reduce the misuse of drugs and resistance rates. Anti-M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an indicator of recent primary infection but can persist for several months after initial infection. It has been suggested that anti-M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin A (IgA) can be a reliable indicator for recent M. pneumoniae infection in adults. We investigated the clinical diagnostic value of M. pneumoniae IgA in school-age children and adolescents with M. pneumoniae-related pneumonia. Eighty children with pneumonia and seropositive for M. pneumoniae IgM or with a 4-fold increase of anti-M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG) were enrolled from May 2015 to March 2016. The titers of M. pneumoniae IgA, IgM, and IgG, the clinical features, and laboratory examinations of blood, C-reactive protein, and liver enzymes were analyzed. The initial positivity rates for M. pneumoniae IgM and IgA upon admission to the hospital were 63.6 and 33.8%, respectively. One week after admission, the cumulative positivity rates for M. pneumoniae IgM and IgA increased to 97.5 and 56.3%, respectively. Detection of M. pneumoniae IgM was more sensitive than detection of M. pneumoniae IgA for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae-related pneumonia in school-age children and adolescents; however, paired sera are necessary for a more accurate diagnosis.

The impact of an unconditional parental benefit on employment of mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kurowska
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the puzzle of the disproportionately lower employment rate of mothers of toddlers with relation to the employment rate of mothers of preschool and school-age children in Estonia. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the Most Similar System Design and compares Estonia with Lithuania. The applied methods include inferential statistics and microsimulation techniques, employing the OECD Benefits and Wages Calculator, the OECD Family Support Calculator and EUROMOD – the European tax-benefit microsimulation model. Findings The comparison revealed that the overwhelming majority of the crucial aspects of socio-cultural, economic and institutional conditions were more favourable for maternal employment in Estonia than in Lithuania. This explains the higher maternal employment rates both for mothers of pre-schoolers and school-age children in Estonia. However, one particular element of the institutional context targeted to the mothers of toddlers – the unconditional parental benefit – had an entirely opposite character. This particular feature of the parental leave scheme was the only factor that could explain why the employment rate of mothers of toddlers is disproportionately lower than the employment rate of mothers of older children in Estonia and much lower than the employment of mothers of toddlers in Lithuania. Originality/value This study complements previous research by providing evidence on the relative importance of universal parental benefit schemes in the context of other country-specific conditions for maternal employment, including the availability of institutional childcare. Furthermore, the results presented show that childcare regime typologies, at least those that characterise Eastern European countries, should be more sensitive to children’s age.

Malaria classroom corner: a school-based intervention to promote basic malaria awareness and common control practices among school-age children

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu M. Chukwuocha ◽  
Greg N. Iwuoha ◽  
Chisom M. Ogara ◽  
Ikechukwu N.S. Dozie
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Content Type ◽  
School Based Intervention ◽  
School Based ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Primary School Age

PurposeThis study assessed the effectiveness of malaria classroom corner (MCC), school-based intervention in the promotion of basic malaria awareness and common control practices among children of primary school age.Design/methodology/approachA quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 206 children of primary 5 and 6 classes from two randomly selected public primary schools in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. The MCC was designed and set up in the intervention school (with 103 children) while the control school (with 103 children) was offered malaria health talk. Structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-intervention in both schools. Data was analysed using Statistical Package – Stata version 14.1 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA).FindingsResults show that there was a significant enhancement of basic malaria awareness (p = 0.0003) and common preventive and management practices (p = 0.0202) among children in the intervention primary school compared to those in the control primary school.Research limitations/implicationsThe study did not account for actual behaviour change, as its scope was within basic malaria awareness and common control practices.Practical implicationsThis approach could enhance awareness and proactiveness of school children towards malaria prevention and overall health consciousness.Social implicationsThis could help in achieving a healthy population of school children with a positive effect on their school performance.Originality/valueThe MCC could provide a simple, participatory and effective approach for the promotion of basic malaria awareness and common control practices among primary school-age children in malaria endemic areas. Such children could, in turn, become malaria conversation drivers and behaviour change agents in their homes and communities, thereby contributing to the malaria elimination efforts.

scholarly journals Protein Energy Malnutrition during Vaccination Has Limited Influence on Vaccine Efficacy but Abolishes Immunity if Administered during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 2118-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truc Hoang ◽  
Else Marie Agger ◽  
Joseph P. Cassidy ◽  
Jan P. Christensen ◽  
Peter Andersen
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) increases susceptibility to infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), but it is not clear how PEM influences vaccine-promoted immunity to TB. We demonstrate that PEM during low-level steady-state TB infection in a mouse model results in rapid relapse ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as increased pathology, in bothMycobacterium bovisBCG-vaccinated and unvaccinated animals. PEM did not change the overall numbers of CD4 T cells in BCG-vaccinated animals but resulted in an almost complete loss of antigen-specific cytokine production. Furthermore, there was a change in cytokine expression characterized by a gradual loss of multifunctional antigen-specific CD4 T cells and an increased proportion of effector cells expressing gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha (IFN-γ+TNF-α+and IFN-γ+cells). PEM duringM. tuberculosisinfection completely blocked the protection afforded by the H56-CAF01 subunit vaccine, and this was associated with a very substantial loss of the interleukin-2-positive memory CD4 T cells promoted by this vaccine. Similarly, PEM during the vaccination phase markedly reduced the H56-CAF01 vaccine response, influencing all cytokine-producing CD4 T cell subsets, with the exception of CD4 T cells positive for TNF-α only. Importantly, this impairment was reversible and resupplementation of protein during infection rescued both the vaccine-promoted T cell response and the protective effect of the vaccine againstM. tuberculosisinfection.

scholarly journals The Application of Providing Analysis Based on Durian Seeds to Improve Protein Intake and Hemoglobin Levels of School Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Riris Oppusunggu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
School Children ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Age ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean

School-age children are at high risk of anaemia, because of their low haemoglobin levels due to lack of iron intake. Anaemia causes pain and death, inhibits brain development, motor, mental, intelligence and physical growth, decreased physical abilities, pale faces which will reduce enthusiasm and learning achievement of school children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving lemuru fish sausage made from durian seeds on protein intake and haemoglobin levels in children with anaemia. This type of research is a quasi-experimental, namely the pre-test design and post-test experiment. Lemuru fish sausage made from durian seeds was given every day for 30 days to 30 school-age children in SD Negeri Jati Sari Lubuk pakam City, Deli Serdang Residence. Measurement of Haemoglobin and food consumption (energy, protein, vitamin C and iron) was carried out before and after the intervention. The results showed that most of the intake of energy, vitamin C and iron in school children was in the <100% category. The mean Haemoglobin before the intervention was 10.9 g / dl; after the intervention, the mean Haemoglobin was 12.1 g / dl. The mean increase in hemoglobin 1.2 g / dl was statistically significant (p-value = 0.000). It has been recommended to increase the time to intervene and use iron status indicators in other studies.

scholarly journals Tryptophan Requirement in School-Age Children Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method is Similar to Current Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Al-mokbel ◽  
Glenda Courtney-Martin ◽  
Rajavel Elango ◽  
Ronald O Ball ◽  
Paul B Pencharz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Change ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Background The requirement for dietary tryptophan in school-age children has never been empirically derived. Objective The objective of our study was to determine the tryptophan requirement of school-age children using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique. Methods Volunteer healthy school-age children, between 8 and 12 y, were enrolled and the oxidation of l-[13C]-phenylalanine to 13CO2 measured in response to graded intakes of dietary tryptophan. Seven children (3 boys, 4 girls) participated in the study and received randomly assigned tryptophan intakes ranging from 0.5 to 9.75 mg.kg-1.d-1 for a total of 36 studies. The diets provided energy at 1.5 times each subject's resting energy expenditure and were isocaloric. Protein was provided as an amino acid mixture on the basis of the egg protein pattern, and phenylalanine and tyrosine were maintained constant across the protein intake concentrations at 25 and 40 mg.kg−1.d−1. All subjects were adapted for 2 d before the study day to a protein intake of 1.5 g.kg−1.d−1. The mean tryptophan requirement was determined by applying a mixed-effect change-point regression analysis to F13CO2 (label tracer oxidation in 13CO2 breath) which identified a breakpoint in the F13CO2 in response to graded amounts of tryptophan. Results The mean [estimated average requirement (EAR)] and upper 95% CI, (approximating the RDA) of tryptophan requirements were estimated to be 4.7 and 6.1 mg.kg−1.d−1, respectively. Conclusion Our results are similar to the current recommended EAR and RDA of 5 and 6 mg.kg−1.d−1 for healthy growing children based on the factorial calculation. Clinical Trials Registration No. NCT02018588.

Descriptive Analysis of Eating Behavior in School-age Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Control Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
Lori J. Stark ◽  
Mary M. Mulvihill ◽  
Elissa Jelalian ◽  
Anne M. Bowen ◽  
Scott W. Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
School Age ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Study Objective

Study Objective. To investigate calorie intake, behavioral eating styles, and parent perception of eating behavior of school-age children with cystic fibrosis (CF) compared with healthy peers. Design. A two-group comparison study. Setting. A clinical sample of 28 school-age children with CF and a community sample of 28 healthy peers matched for age (6 to 12 years) and socioeconomic status. Measurements and Main Results. The children with CF consumed more calories per day (2175 cal/d) than the control children (1875 cal/d) and achieved a significantly higher recommended daily allowance (RDA) of energy (128% of the RDA) than the control children (91.61% of the RDA). Fifty-four percent of the CF sample were achieving the CF dietary recommendations of 120% of the RDA. Despite this energy intake, the CF sample was significantly below the control sample on weight (24.56 vs 31.23 kg), height (125.48 vs 133.06 cm), andz score for weight (−0.811 vs 0.528) and height (−0.797 vs 0.371). On measures of behavioral eating style, the CF sample had significantly longer meals (23.90 min) than the control sample (17.34 min) and had a significantly slower pace of eating (43.27% 10-second intervals with bites) than the control sample (51.29% 10-second intervals with bites) but did not differ significantly on the number of calories consumed during dinner. On a measure of parent report of mealtime behaviors, parents of the children with CF rated mealtime behavior problems of “dawdles” and “refuses food” as more intense (mean, 3.46) than did the parents of control children (mean, 2.67). For the CF sample, a significant correlation was found between the parent intensity ratings of problem behavior in general and meal duration (r = .48), and a significant negative correlation was found between the parent intensity ratings of problem mealtime behaviors and the percentage of intervals with bites (pace of meal) (r = −.533). Conclusions. Although the school-age children with CF were consuming more calories per day than their healthy peers, and more than 50% of the children in the CF sample were at or above the CF dietary recommendations, the children in the CF sample were significantly below the control children on measures of weight and height. The behavioral data suggest that increased caloric intake is not without cost, because the CF sample spent an additional 7 minutes per day at dinner and ate their meals at a slower pace than their healthy peers. These data were associated with higher intensity ratings of mealtime behaviors by parents of children with CF. These findings point to the need for individualized assessment of energy needs for school-age children with CF and comprehensive programs that teach parents behavioral strategies to motivate their children to meet these higher energy requirements in an adaptive manner.

Dietary protein intake in school-age children and detailed measures of body composition: the Generation R Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Jen ◽  
Leonidas G. Karagounis ◽  
Vincent W. V. Jaddoe ◽  
Oscar H. Franco ◽  
Trudy Voortman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

scholarly journals A Scientific Review on Kuposhanajaya Vikara W.S.R. to Protein Energy Malnutrition and its Treatment in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Sudheer Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Protein Energy

The preservation of children’s health is the prime duty of humanity. In every country, children constitute a priority group. Current Indian population according to a survey is 1.21 billion. (2011census) and about 37.3% of total populations are children. Among which 158.8 million children are of 0-6 year’s age group (13.12 % of Indian population). The health status of adult population is a continuation of health status of children in terms of Growth, Nutrition and Development. Health of a child is a growing concern all over, with rapid economic growth and social changes both in developed and developing parts of the world. Therefore, vital importance towards these children is felt in need. Malnutrition mainly arises from inadequate diet and frequent infection, leading to insufficient intake of calories, protein, vitamins and minerals. Malnourished children suffer more frequent and severe infectious illnesses; furthermore, even mild under-nutrition increases a child’s risk of morbidity and mortality. Chronic under-nutrition in children can also lead to long-term developmental problems. Ahara Dosha is the main predisposing factor of this disorder and Alpasana and Vishamasana (false habits of intake) especially results in the development of Karshya. Meaning of Balasosha is “Emaciation of child”. According to Ayurvada it originates from nutritional deficiency in children, which is called as protein energy malnutrition . Although exact correlation of Balasosha with any specific disease of modern medicine is not possible but keeping in view the various clinical signs and symptoms of P.E.M., it can be equated with karshaya, phakka roga, parigarbhika, to some extent.

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