scholarly journals A Comparison of Phytotoxic Potential among the Crude Extracts from Parthenium hysterophorus L. Extracted with Solvents of Increasing Polarity

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjal Kumar Pati ◽  
Ashim Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Seed Germination Assay ◽  
Range Test

There is a worldwide search for the safe, effective and eco-friendly compounds of plant origin to combat the weed species and other pests which are responsible for the great impact on the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. In this present study, a comparison was made to evaluate the phytotoxicity potential of sequentially extracted solvent (hexane, ethyl-acetate, methanol) extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (aerial parts) in vitro through bench-top seed germination assay (Vigna radiata L.). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were done for statistical analysis of the data. The study reveals that germination, growth and vigour was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by ethyl-acetate and methanol extracts. The present study concluded that phytotoxicity of ethylacetate and methanolic crude extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus could be exploited as potential bioherbicide for future weed management programme and the development of bioherbicide for commercial use.

scholarly journals Study of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Extracts (First Clean-Up Fractions) on Seed Germination Behaviour in Search of Bioactive Fractions for Preparation of Bioherbicide Formulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Ujjal Kumar Pati ◽  
Ashim Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Germination Behaviour

Increase in productivity is directly related with increase pesticide consumption. So there is a strong desire to use “greener” chemistry to produce more toxicologically and environmentally benign pesticides and natural products. In this present study, a comparison was made to evaluate the phytotoxicity potential of first cleanup fractions obtained from sequentially extracted solvent (ethyl-acetate, methanol) extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (aerial parts) in vitro through bench-top seed germination assay (Vignaradiata L.). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were done for statistical analysis of the data. The study reveals that germination, growth and vigour was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by ethyl-acetate and methanol fractions. A significant changes in soluble and insoluble sugar content, protein, amino acid content and cellular metabolic activity was aslo observed by 1F3, 1F4, 1F6, and 1F9 fractions. The present study concluded that phytotoxicity of four fractions (1F3, 1F4, 1F6, and 1F9) from ethylacetate and methanolic crude extracts of Partheniumhysterophorus could be exploited as potential bioherbicide for future weed management programme and the development of bioherbicide for commercial use.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals of Minthostachys diffusa Epling and Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Immacolata Faraone ◽  
Daniela Russo ◽  
Lucia Chiummiento ◽  
Eloy Fernandez ◽  
Alka Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Health Promoting

The genus Minthostachys belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and is an important South American mint genus used commonly in folk medicine as an aroma in cooking. The phytochemical-rich samples of the aerial parts of Minthostachys diffusa Epling. were tested for pharmacological and health-promoting bioactivities using in vitro chemical and enzymatic assays. A range of radical scavenging activities of the samples against biological radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide anion and against synthetic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the lipid peroxidation inhibition were determined and ranked using the ‘relative antioxidant capacity index’ (RACI). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest RACI of +1.12. Analysis of the various fractions’ inhibitory ability against enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and against enzymes associated with Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) also suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction showed more than 30 polyphenolic compounds, including triterpenes. The inhibitory cholinesterase effects of the triterpenes identified from M. diffusa were further analysed by in silico docking of these compounds into 3D-structures of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. This is the first study on pharmacological activities and phytochemical profiling of the aerial parts of M. diffusa, showing that this plant, normally used as food in South America, is also rich in health-promoting phytochemicals.

In vitro evaluation of the anti-mycobacterial properties of the extracts of Momordica Charantia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Paul Giftson ◽  
Jerrine Joseph ◽  
Revathy Kalyanasundaram ◽  
V. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Wilson Aruni
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
World Population ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The World

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease and remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. One fourth of the world population is infected with TB at a risk of developing disease. The increase in the incidence of drug resistant TB around the world urges the need to develop a new candidate to fight against the disease. Plants were considered as the rich source of bioactive components to be used as potential drugs. Medicinal plants are used in pure as well as crude materials for their medicinal properties. Our research aims in identifying the phyto-molecules which have anti- tuberculosis property. Four medicinal plants namely, Acalyphaciliata (Kuppaimeni), Solanumtrilobatum (Thuthuvalai), Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) and Sennaauriculata (Avaram) were chosen to evaluate their antimicrobial activity focusing on anti-tubercular activity. The methanol extracts of the medicinal plants showed significant inhibitory activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Sennaauriculata methanol extracts showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. In the screening of antimycobacterial activity done by LRP assay, among the plant extracts tested, the hexane crude extracts of Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) showed 82.2% and 81.03% of inhibition against M. tuberculosis H37Rv at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively. Similarly, the methanol crude extracts of Momordicacharantia showed 87.14% and 63.55% of inhibition at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively.

In Vitro Screening for Cytotoxic, Anti-bacterial, Anti-HIV1-RT Activities and Chemical Constituents of Croton fluviatilis, Croton acutifolius, and Croton thorelii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charina Worarat ◽  
Wilart Pompimon ◽  
Phansuang Udomputtimekakul ◽  
Sukee Sukdee ◽  
Punchavee Sombutsiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities

Background: Although the chemical constituents and biological activities of a large number of plants in the Croton genus have been studied, there are still recently discovered plants to be investigated. Objective: 1. To investigate the anti-bacterial, anti-HIV1-RT, and cytotoxicity activities of crude extracts from these plants. 2. To investigate the chemical constituents of Croton fluviatilis, Croton acutifolius, and Croton thorelii. Method: The anti-bacterial, anti-HIV1-RT, and cytotoxicity of the three plants were evaluated by standard techniques. Extraction, separation, and purification of extracts from the three plants were undertaken. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of C. fluviatilis showed low anti-bacterial activity against E. aerogenes, E. coli 0157: H7, and P. mirabilis, together with the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius displayed low anti-bacterial activity against E. aerogenes, while all the crude extracts of C. thorelii were inactive. The ethyl acetate extracts of C. thorelii, and C. fluviatilis showed strong inhibited HIV1-RT, whereas the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius, and the hexane extract of C. fluviatilis displayed moderate inhibited HIV1-RT. Cytotoxic properties of three Croton plants were specific to KKU-M213, MDA-MB-231, A-549, and MMNK-1. Especially, the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-231, A-549, and MMNK-1. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract of C. thorelii showed high cytotoxic activities against KKU-M213, and MDA-MB-231. Compounds 1, and 4 were found in C. fluviatilis. Compounds 2 and 4 were also found in C. acutifolius. Moreover, compound 3 was only found in C. thorelii. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the three Croton species are good sources of flavonoid compounds and further investigation of the chemical constituents from these plants may prove to be fruitful to discover more active compounds to be tested as potential medicines.

scholarly journals Variation in Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts Derived from Leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata var. Laurentii and Sansevieria trifasciata var. Zeylanica (Asparagaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 2303-2307
Author(s):  
NURUL HUDA ABDUL WAHAB ◽  
YVONNE SAMUEL ◽  
NORHAYATI YUSUF ◽  
HANIS MOHD YUSOFF
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Cat Assay ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Sansevieria is an ornamental plant that has many hybrids and varieties make them difficult to distinguish. The most common varieties used for medicinal purposes are Sansevieria trifasciatam which is known for cure of many diseases. However, little attention is given to this plant in proving it medicinal worth and capability as an antioxidant agent. This study was initiated to set up a metabolite classes profile and the potential enzymatic antioxidant of the variations of these plants. Crude extracts of S. trifasciata var. Laurentii and S. trifasciata var. Zeylanica were prepared from their leaves, and solvent used has different polarities. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using the extracts. Phytochemical screening suggested both of these samples contain carbohydrates in all extracts. It also show that flavonoid was found in hexane and ethyl acetate extracts while did not observed in the methanol extracts for both samples. However, alkaloid, phenol and tannin were positive in all of the methanol extracts except for hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. For the biological activity, all extracts were selected for the determination of enzymatic antioxidant activity test using catalase (CAT) assay and guaiacol peroxidase (gPOD) assay using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Based on the results, CAT specific activity was the highest in methanol extract of S. trifasciata var. Laurentii (3.15 ± 0.50 units/mg protein) compared to S. trifasciata var. Zeylanica (2.20 ± 0.05 units/mg protein). For gPOD specific activity, ethyl acetate extract of S. trifasciata var. Laurentii shows the highest activity which is 1.46 × 10-2 ± 0.02 units/mg protein compared to the other crude extracts.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Screening of Centaurium Pulchellum Crude Extracts and Main Secoiridoid Compounds

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Šiler ◽  
Danijela Mišić ◽  
Jasmina Nestorović ◽  
Tijana Banjanac ◽  
Jasmina Glamočlija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Secoiridoid Glycosides ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The main principles of C. pulchellum (Sw.) Druce, secoiridoid glycosides, have been studied as potent bioactive compounds. Here we scored their content in extracts of ten populations of this species. Antibacterial and antifungal assays of the extracts and pure secoiridoid glycosides were performed against eight bacterial strains and five fungal species. Methanol extracts from both aerial parts and roots exhibited excellent antibacterial (0.05-0.2 mg mL−1) and very good antifungal (0.1-2 mg mL−1) activity. Pure secoiridoid glycosides isolated from these extracts demonstrated very strong antibacterial (0.01-0.04 mg mL−1) and especially antifungal (0.001-0.1 mg mL−1) activity.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of the Stem Bark Extracts of Albizia chevalieri Harms on the Activity of Alpha-glucosidase Obtained from Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdulhafiz Damilola Oso ◽  
Idris Bello ◽  
Yusuf Sa’idu ◽  
Onu Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by stem bark extract of Albizia chevalieri. The activity of alpha glucosidase was assayed in vitro using 50 mM acetate buffer pH 6.0 (prepared from acetic acid and sodium acetate) and various concentration of maltose (0.5 mM to 10 mM). Five test tubes, labeled TA – TE, each containing 1.5 ml of acetate buffer, 0.5 ml of alpha glucosidase and 0.5 ml of a known concentration of plant extract and control tubes (CA – CE) were assessed for Alpha glucosidase activity. The results showed that hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts inhibited α-glucosidase activity. The results further indicated that the extracts act by competitive inhibition with inhibition constant of 232 mg/ml, 157 mg/ml and 67 mg/ml for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively. The value for the inhibition constants shows that there is a strong binding of the enzyme to the inhibitor as the polarity of solvent increases. The inhibitory activity of Albizia chevalieri may be due one or more of the phytochemicals present in the extracts.

scholarly journals In-vitro potential of crude extracts of selected garden herbs for mastitis management in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Joshua Ngwisha ◽  
◽  
Mulemba T. Samutela ◽  
Mbawe Zulu ◽  
Wizaso Mwasinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Agar Dilution

Introduction: The advent of bovine mastitis associated antimicrobial resistance has necessitated development of alternative herbal remedies. In this study, we tested, in-vitro, the antimicrobial efficacy of three crude extracts: (1) aqueous, (2) ethanol and (3) ethyl acetate extracts of Zambian cultivated Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric) and also made comparisons to synthetic anti-mastitis formulations. Methods: The active compounds of these herbs were obtained as crude extracts using water, ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. The test microbes comprised of ten standard controls including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 84 field isolates (all gram positive bacteria) from clinical and subclinical mastitis milk samples from selected districts of the Southern Province of Zambia belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus and Lactobacillus. The agar dilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity by observing the sensitivity which was graded as sensitive, intermediate or resistant. Commercial synthetic anti-mastitis preparations served as positive controls and their sensitivity was compared to that of the herbal preparations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of the herbal formulation was also determined using two-fold serial dilutions. Results: The agar dilution test results of the field isolates indicated 18.8% resistance, 25.3% intermediate and 56% sensitivity for the herbal extracts, while the synthetic anti-mastitis preparation averaged 16.8% resistance, 4.75% intermediate and 78.5% sensitivity. The gram negative controls tested were generally resistant. On average, the agar dilution trials revealed; 41.8% resistance, 13% intermediate and 45.3% sensitivity for the herbal formulation while the synthetic antimicrobials produced 23.5% resistance, 5.2% intermediate and 71.3% sensitivity. Mean MIC was 11.5mg/ml at the 5% serial dilution for the herbal extract compared to the Cephalexin (semi-synthetic antimicrobial) MIC for S. aureus at 0.5mg/L or 0.0005mg/ml. Conclusion: The herbs Aloe vera and Curcuma longa from Zambia showed antimicrobial efficacy on bovine mastitis causing microbes and may be used as a cheaper alternative to synthetic anti-mastitis preparations and as an aid to fight antimicrobial resistance to the benefit of the most affected and resource limited small-scale dairy farmers.

Screening of Antianxiety Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Verbena officinalis Aerial Parts

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Reecha Madaan ◽  
Shabir Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Verbena officinalis L. (Vervain; family-Verbenaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments especially in mental disorders, but no systematic work has been carried out to validate traditional claims of plant. Therefore, it was planned to screen antianxiety activity of extracts and fractions of V. officinalis aerial parts. Crude extracts of V. officinalis aerial parts were prepared by extracting the plant material successively with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. The antianxiety activity of crude extracts was performed at the doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o., upon acute administration in mice using elevated plus maze model. The bioactive extract was partitioned using ethyl acetate, and ethyl acetate fraction (50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and remaining bioactive extract (150 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.) were also screened for antianxiety activity. The statistical significance was checked by comparing with standard drug and control using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), which was followed by post hoc analysis – StudentNewman-Keul’s test. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant antianxiety activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, with respect to control and statistically equivalent to the standard drug (Diazepam, 2 mg/kg, p.o.). The bioactive ethyl acetate fraction is rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Finally, it is concluded that these are major anxiolytic constituents of V. officinalis.

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