scholarly journals Taboo and Euphemism in the Religious Language

Author(s):  
Mihaela Mocanu

The instrument of knowledge and communication of religious essence, the religious language is based upon the recognition of a world of sacredness, which is defined by reference to the religious dimension of the human being. From the semantic perspective, the religious language is rooted in a preexisting extra-linguistic referent, which eludes historic space-time categories, in an attempt to build a world of transcendental essence and establish a relationship between man and the sacred. In this view, the word is invested with magical powers, playing the role of a mediator between the human being living in the world of the profane and the sacred world of the Divinity. Since the word embraces the essence of the named element with the power to shape reality, the religious man pays special attention to the verbal expression not only from the desire to adapt to reality, but especially out of the care not to cause adverse changes amidst it. We propose in this paper to review the main religious taboos specific to the religious language and the description of the pragmatic valences that the euphemistic expression manifests in the religious communication.

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.


Author(s):  
Bart Vandenabeele

Schopenhauer explores the paradoxical nature of the aesthetic experience of the sublime in a richer way than his predecessors did by rightfully emphasizing the prominent role of the aesthetic object and the ultimately affirmative character of the pleasurable experience it offers. Unlike Kant, Schopenhauer’s doctrine of the sublime does not appeal to the superiority of human reason over nature but affirms the ultimately “superhuman” unity of the world, of which the human being is merely a puny fragment. The author focuses on Schopenhauer’s treatment of the experience of the sublime in nature and argues that Schopenhauer makes two distinct attempts to resolve the paradox of the sublime and that Schopenhauer’s second attempt, which has been neglected in the literature, establishes the sublime as a viable aesthetic concept with profound significance.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 889-895
Author(s):  
Frăguța Zaharia

The present European context challenges us to approach the issues of Romanian dignity, humanity and humanism. The purpose of this essay is to emphasize the interpretative and explanatory dimensions of Constantin Micu Stavila’s philosophical thinking focused on the meaning of life and the human destiny, no less on the significance of the Christian personalism that the Romanian-French philosopher has cultivated it. Some questions arise: What is the role of philosophy and religion in understanding the meaning of life? How do we have to consider the human being and by especially the characteristics defining the Human within the Romanian culture? Trying to provide an honest, coherent and enlightening response, the paper is organized into two parts: 1. The mission of Romanian philosophy – attempting to demonstrate that the Romanian culture is integrating itself in the world-wide one seeing that there is an intimate complementarity of philosophy and religion; and 2. Romanian cultural messianism – developing an interpretation of the Romanian folklore according to the topic of the paper.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Humera Sultana ◽  
Nasreen Aslam Shah

Historically, the status of women was very low all over the world however Islam is the only religion which help in changing the status of women and improve her status in the society. This paper explores the lives of Muslim women in the period of early Islamic society which reveals that these women gave the lesson of virtue, piety, devotion and sacrifice to every women and daughter of Islam. These ladies bore exemplary moral character, and in performance of their responsibilities they sacrificed their luxuries, comforts and happiness. Following footprints of these ladies can make every daughter a proud human being.


2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-149
Author(s):  
Gerald Filson

Human beings are conceptual in ways unique to our species, different in kind from animal rationality. Our conceptual capacity goes beyond the cognitive and shapes our emotions, our moral and spiritual capabilities and our perception of the world. That conceptual capacity is formed by culture and language where language plays a central role in how we experience the world. The role of language, especially spiritual or religious language, can inform our perception of the world in ways that represent genuine ‘spiritual perception’ of the material, social and spiritual dimensions of reality. Human beings’ conceptual capabilities are fallible, even in how we use perception as a capacity for knowing the world. Conditions in modernity have increased our vulnerability to fallibility. Consequently, collective exercise of our conceptual capacities in deliberation and coordinated assessments of reality are more necessary than ever. Science and religion are influential models of how collective deliberation, or consultation, enhances our conceptual capabilities and the ways in which perception takes in a world that is both material and spiritual.


2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. M. Krummel

AbstractIn this paper, I explore a possible convergence between two great twentieth century thinkers, Nishida Kitarō of Japan and Martin Heidegger of Germany. The focus is on the quasi-religious language they employ in discussing the grounding of human existence in terms of an encompassing Wherein for our being. Heidegger speaks of “the sacred” and “the passing of the last god” that mark an empty clearing wherein all metaphysical absolutes or gods have withdrawn but are simultaneously indicative of an opening wherein beings are given. Nishida speaks of “the religious” dimension in the depths of one’s being, that he calls “place,” and that somehow envelops the world through its kenotic self-negation. In both we find reference to a kind of originary space—the open or place—associated with quasireligious themes. I also point to their distinct approaches to metaphysical language in their attempts to give voice to that abysmal thought.


2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei N. Krouglov

The sources of Kant’s term Gesinnung and a review of the problems of its translation into English were presented in the first part of this article; the second part examines the novel features that Kant brings to the interpretation of this concept in the critical period. In the Critique of Practical Reason these include the questions of manifestation of Gesinnung in the world, apprehended through the senses, the method of establishing and the culture of truly moral Gesinnung, as well as the problem of the immutability of Gesinnung in the progress towards the good. The new theses that appear in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason are Gesinnung as the internal subjective principle of maxims, on virtue as evidence of the presence of Gesinnung, on act as a manifestation of Gesinnung, on the unintelligibility of Gesinnung in its noumenal, suprasensible character, on the innateness of Gesinnung in the sense that it exists not in time, but in the form of its acceptance by free expression of the will, on the singleness of Gesinnung and its indivisibility into periods, on revolution in Gesinnung as distinct from empirical reform, on the creation of the new human being as distinct from the ancient one as a result of the revolution of Gesinnung, on the link between the revolution in Gesinnung and “conversion” or second birth. After discussing the problem of distinguishing the terms Gesinnung and Denkungsart in translation as well as a review of all the existing variants of translating Kant’s concept of Gesinnung into Russian (aspiration, inclination, intention, virtue, virtuousness, conviction, attitude, mode of thinking, thoughts, mood, disposition and umonastroenie), the author comes to the conclusion that the uniform variant umonastroenie is best suited for Russian translations of Kant’s works.


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Janusz Aptacy

This article concerns widely perceived ecological education being provided among country youth by People’s Universities, their homeland is Denmark and M. F. S. Grundvig is concerned to be their father. He observed English educational system and the way of education with the usage of boarding schools and then he transmitted it to Denmark, where at the end of the 18th c. and at the beginning of the 19th century the role of peasants, who reached for power and had their own farms, increased, therefore, there was a necessity to create an integrated educational system for those people. Thiss way of educating was then carried to Poland by Ignacy Solarz and his wife Zofia Solarzowa - that took place in the mid-20th century. A special tribute of these educational institutions was reaching those country groups of people who were hungry for knowledge and social advance. People’s Universities had and have ecological education established in their educational programme. However, this education concerns integrated, harmonic and balanced development of the human being, since, if ecology means the knowledge about the environment, it is the human being that should be the most important, that should be the subject.In this system of educating one is not only concerned in gaining the knowledge, but also in ability to pass the gained knowledge, expressing one’s opinions, ability to make relations with people and with the world. This system is about the most integrated development of a student’s personality, the ecological education must not limit itself just to care about the nature, but it should also take into consideration the human’s psychology, environment in which one was brought up and also the values with which one was fed. That is why this widely taken ecology should not omit religious, cultural and patriotic values. And People’s Universities draw their attention to this kind of values.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Heru Mustakim

The destination that Allah created human being is to whorship to Allah as an instruction and explanation about whorship. Then Allah sent down his Qur’an and delivered his Prophet as conveyars of the role of the Allah and the lost Kitab that has been sent down to Muhammad SAW as the instruction and figure for the moslems people untill the end of time. The meeting among Islam and Christian and Jew has been running since the birth of Islam in Jazeera. The first century of Masehi, in tht meeting the holy Qur’an is a holy book for moslems took its possision as the corrector for the holy books before. Especially the holy book that has been brought by christians, it’s called Al Kitab. The problems about Ahlu Kitab (Jew and Christian) are very important to be explained, because these problems impact to our aqidah, whorship, relationship many kinds of aspect of life for moslems, beside that the meaning of Ahlu Kitab who is Ahlu Kitab is still cuarreled by ulama, especially still cuarreted by ulama, that this kitab is only for Jew and Christian or there is still group out of them that include in them. Sayyid Qutb is controversi Mufassir among moslems and far ikhwaanul Muslimin. Sayyid Qutb is a figure that was loved by Moslems and as an inspirator for them but in another way the thought of Sayyid Qutb was given comment by ulama’ because of trouble understanding the verse of Holy Qur’an, and some deviation in his aqidah, especially about takfir to the people that have different understanding. After his death Sayyid Qutb’s ideology doesn’t lose away and decrease, in other hand it develope more not only in Egypt but spread to all of countries in the world, finally fondamentalist movement appeared. So that the writter wanted to analyze about the Ahlu Kitab  depended on Sayyid Qutb’s book, called Tafsir fie dhilail Qur’an to be applied in Indonesia. The research method that used by the writter is analysist description with library research, this research about Sayyid Quthb’s thought which spreaded in many creation of writting that written became the book that written by someone or many other people. Ahlu Kitab depended on Sayyid Quthb are Jew and Christian generally, the meaning of that statement Sayyid Quthb didn’t limit only for Israel scion (Ya’kub) but all of people who have ideologist as Jew and Christian ideologist, so that they are called Jew and Christian. Depended on Sayyid Quthb, Ahlu Kitab are infiedels politheist. Including people that have religion except Ahlu Kitab and the religions except Islam was still considered as infidel untill they believed in Muhammad and Al Qur’an. The research of this thesis is still about describing generally so that it still needs analysis deeply and in detail. In order to make new knowledge that can be guide for moslem in communication among them and not moslems.  Tujuan Allah SWT menciptakan manusia adalah untuk menyembah kepada-Nya. Kemudian Allah SWT menurunkan kitab suci al-Quran dan mengutus nabi-Nya sebagai penyampai kabar tentang peran Allah SWT dan Kitab yang hilang yang telah diturunkan kepada Muhammad SAW sebagai instruksi dan gambaran untuk orang-orang muslim sampai akhir zaman. Pertemuan antara Islam, Kristen, dan Yahudi telah berjalan sejak lahirnya Islam di Jazeera pad abad pertama Masehi, al-Qur’an merupakan kitab suci umat Islam berfungsi sebagai penyempurna kitab-kitab sebelumnya. Terutama kitab yang telah dibawa oleh orang-orang Kristen (al-Kitab). Masalah Ahlu Kitab (Yahudi dan Kristen) sangat penting untuk dijelaskan, karena masalah ini berdampak pada aqidah dan berbagai aspek kehidupan umat Islam. Sayyid Qutb adalah seorang Mufassir di kalangan umat Islam, ia merupakan sosok yang sangat dicintai serta sebagai inspirator bagi umat Islam. Akan tetapi, di sisi lain, ia juga sering dikritik oleh para ulama lain, karena dianggap terlalu sulit dalam memahami tafsir-tafsirnya. Setelah kematiannya, ideologi Sayyid Qutb tidak hilang dan menurun, di sisi lain ia lebih berkembang tidak hanya di Mesir tapi menyebar ke semua negara di dunia, akhirnya gerakan fundamentalis muncul. Sehingga penulis ingin menganalisis tentang Ahlu Kitab berdasarkan pada buku Sayyid Qutb, yang disebut Tafsir fi dilalil Qur'an untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskripsi analitik, jenis kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian adalah, bahwa Ahlu Kitab yang berpedoman pada Sayyid Quthb adalah orang Yahudi dan Kristen pada umumnya, artinya Sayyid Quthb tidak membatasi hanya untuk bani Israel (Ya'kub), tetapi semua orang yang memiliki ideologi Yahudi dan Kristen mereka dipanggil Yahudi dan Kristen. Berdasarkan pada Sayyid Quthb, Ahlu Kitab adalah anti politisi. Termasuk orang-orang yang beragama kecuali Ahlu Kitab dan agama-agama kecuali Islam masih dianggap sebagai kafir sampai mereka percaya kepada Muhammad dan al-Qur'an. Penelitian tesis ini masih membahas secara umum sehingga masih memerlukan analisis secara mendalam dan secara rinci. Untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan baru yang bisa menjadi panduan bagi umat Islam dalam berkomunikasi di antara mereka dan dan juga dengan umat non Islam.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  

Metaphysics, which deals with concepts such as existence, existentialism, space and god in its general content, is a branch of philosophy. It sought answers to questions related to these concepts through methods and perspectives different from science. The reason for all these questions is the effort to define the universe. Metaphysical philosophy has been the search for a solution to helplessness caused by the uncertainties caused throughout the history by life and death. Perspectives developed in parallel with the perception of the period have also shaped the questions and propositions. All these metaphysical approaches do not contain a definition that is independent of time and space. Time and space, as one of the most fundamental problematics of metaphysics, are accepted as the most important elements in placing and making sense of the human into the universe. In this context, metaphysics, which has a transphysical perspective as well as the accepted scientific expansions of real and reality, was mostly visible in the field of art rather than science. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of metaphysical philosophy in the emergence of metaphysical art in the context of the effects of social events, especially the destructions and disappointments caused by the world wars in the 20th century, on the artists and the reflections of the existential inquiries related to this. Furthermore this study includes definitions and processes of metaphysics. The works of Giorgio de Chirico and Carlo Carra have been interpreted in terms of form and content within the scope of metaphysics by considering the concepts of time-space. Keywords: Metaphysics, Space, Time, Metaphysical Art


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