scholarly journals O uso da terra e as implicações sócio-ambientais na zona úmida do Rio Araguaia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Santos
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
The 1960S

The Araguaia River is one of the largest in Brazil and certainly the most significant for the state of Goiás. It played a central role in the discovery of, and settlement in, the hinterlands of central Brazil. The Aruaguia river basin, in between its source and its mouth, is usually divided into three segments – High, Middle and Lower Araguaia – to which correspond different types of landscape. The present study focuses on a segment of the Middle Araguaia that stretches from the Registro do Araguaia district (municipality of Montes Claros) to the southern tip of the Bananal island (municipality of São Miguel do Araguaia). The study area occupies an area of 4,430 km² and is characterized by its smooth relief and hydromorphic soils, which are associated with a discontinuous strip of flood plain. Occupation of the study area intensified from the 1960s onwards, and was driven mostly by pastoralists who were attracted to the area by the low price of the land, the public policy of colonization and the physical characteristics of the region. This article presents an environmental characterisation of these wetlands, based on the interpretation of data acquired through remote sensing and a field work. It then discusses the predominant types of land use and their socio-environmental implications. The analysis refers to the year 2007 and indicates the existence of a number of serious threats to the integrity of the wetlands of the Araguaia River, whose relevance in terms of natural heritage has been acknowledged at the national level. In particular, the results show that 61% of the study area is allocated to either cattle farming or agriculture, and that the predominant economic activity, cattle farming, takes up 42% of that area.

The Early American Origins of Entitlements

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-404
Author(s):  
Laura S. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early American ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time

There is perhaps no topic that has generated more sustained interest and controversy in the United States during the past three decades than the public policies called “entitlements.” From the Great Society innovations of the 1960s to the guaranteed income plan of the 1970s to the “health security” proposal of the early 1990s, debate over the issue of which U.S. citizens should be entitled to what kind of national-level benefits has been a constant in American political life. Though consensus has occasionally been reached, moments of accord have been fragile and fleeting. Late 1995 and early 1996 found both President William Clinton and a large, bipartisan majority of Congress targeting poor Americans and their benefits, advocating an “end to welfare as we know it.” Yet interbranch disagreement over the way that “welfare” reform should be implemented reached such heights that the annual U.S. budget development process broke down, resulting in repeated shutdowns of government agencies and the threat that, for the first time in the history of the American nation, the United States would default on its obligations to its creditors.

scholarly journals Homosexual: entre el insulto y el orgullo [Artículo evaluado por pares]

2018 ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Diego Sempol
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Public Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Psychiatric Discourse ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen El término homosexual condensó entre 1950 y 1990 en Uruguay una yuxtaposición de sentidos muy distintos y fue objeto de fuertes disputas. Este artículo buscar rastrear esos sentidos analizando cómo fue variando la etiología de la homosexualidad en el discurso psiquiátrico, la relación entre este y la clase social en el campo de la izquierda de los años sesenta, así como el régimen autoritario lo incluyó dentro de la categoría de subversión. El trabajo se cierra con el análisis de la proliferación de nuevos sentidos que vivió la palabra homosexual durante la transición democrática: para muchos fue sinónimo de VIH-SIDA de travestis y de indefinición, mientras que para otros fue intercambiable con el término gay y se constituyó en una identidad social legítima sostenida con orgullo en el espacio público a través de diferentes tipos de acción colectiva. Palabras clave Historia conceptual; homosexual; Uruguay. SummaryThe term homosexual condensed between 1950 and 1990 in Uruguay a juxtaposition of very different meanings and was the object of strong disputes. This article seeks to trace these meanings by analyzing the variations in the etiology of homosexuality in psychiatric discourse, the relationship between this discourse and social class in the left of the 1960s, and how the authoritarian regime included it within the category of subversion. The work ends with the analysis of the proliferation of new meanings the word homosexual underwent during the democratic transition – for many it was synonymous with HIV-AIDS, transvestites and indefinition, while for others it was interchangeable with the term gay and turned into a legitimate social identity held with pride in the public space through different types of collective action. KeywordsConceptual history; homosexual; Uruguay.  

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

scholarly journals Advances in Forest Robotics: A State-of-the-Art Survey

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Luiz F. P. Oliveira ◽  
António P. Moreira ◽  
Manuel F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Robotic Applications

The development of robotic systems to operate in forest environments is of great relevance for the public and private sectors. In this sense, this article reviews several scientific papers, research projects and commercial products related to robotic applications for environmental preservation, monitoring, wildfire firefighting, inventory operations, planting, pruning and harvesting. After conducting critical analysis, the main characteristics observed were: (a) the locomotion system is directly affected by the type of environmental monitoring to be performed; (b) different reasons for pruning result in different locomotion and cutting systems; (c) each type of forest, in each season and each type of soil can directly interfere with the navigation technique used; and (d) the integration of the concept of swarm of robots with robots of different types of locomotion systems (land, air or sea) can compensate for the time of executing tasks in unstructured environments. Two major areas are proposed for future research works: Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart forest and navigation systems. It is expected that, with the various characteristics exposed in this paper, the current robotic forest systems will be improved, so that forest exploitation becomes more efficient and sustainable.

Capacity building in the public health field in the Tunisian medical faculties

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Coman ◽  
O Oltean ◽  
M Palianopoulou ◽  
D Plancikova ◽  
C Zedini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Local Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Training ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Health Field

Abstract Over the past years, Tunisia has experienced important reforms in the field of public health. The Tunisian medical faculties (Universities of Sfax, Tunis el Manar, Sousse and Monastir) play a key role in this endeavor by training public health professionals who can contribute to the modernization of the health system. Funded by the EC through Erasmus+ programme, the CONFIDE project (coordinated by Babes-Bolyai University, having as EU partners the Universities of Southern Denmark and Trnava, and the above mentioned Tunisian universities) has established the Research into Policy training programme by strengthening their capacity to provide public health training. The Research into Policy training programme has been delivered by the Centres for Evidence into Health Policy (C4EHPs) established within the Tunisian partner universities for the needs of CONFIDE. The training programme was implemented in four steps: (1) train the trainer sessions - the European experts trained 18 Tunisian trainers; (2) shadowing sessions - the trainers participated in shadowing sessions in the European partner institutions; (3) training delivery - the CONFIDE trainers, assisted by the European experts, delivered the training to an interdisciplinary group of 25 students and professionals; (4) internships - the students participated in internships in local health institutions. Three modules have been built within the Research into Policy training programme: Public health research, Health promotion policies and Evidence based public health policy. They contributed to increasing the public health knowledge and skills of the professionals trained. The training programme was well received by the Tunisian universities and the material developed so far during the project was adapted to the Tunisian context in the third step of implementation. On the long term, the project is expected to have an impact at the national level and produce updates at curricula level in the Tunisian medical faculties. Key messages Research into Policy training programme developed by the EC partners and culturally adapted by the Tunisian partners to the Tunisian public health context. Research into Policy training is a well-received tool for the high quality learning process in the public health field in Tunisian medical faculties.

scholarly journals Brief Communication: Analysis of the Fatalities and Socio-Economic Impacts Caused by Hurricane Florence

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanto Paul ◽  
Dawit Ghebreyesus ◽  
Hatim Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Torrential Rainfall ◽  
Cape Fear

Florence made landfall on the southeastern coast of North Carolina (NC) generating torrential rainfall and severe flooding that led to 53 fatalities in three states (NC, SC, and VA) and $16–$40 billion in damage. Seventy-seven percent (77%) of the fatalities occurred in the rural flood plains of NC with Duplin county reporting a high of eight deaths. Approximately 50% of the total number of hurricane-related fatalities across the three states were vehicle-related. The predominant demographic at risk were males over the age of 50 years. The type of property damage was in line with other major hurricanes and predominantly affected residential structures (93% of the total number of damaged buildings). Florence is among the top 10 costliest hurricanes in U.S. history with approximately 50% of the damage projected as uninsured losses due to residential flooding. The cumulative 5-day rainfall resulted in major flooding along the Cape Fear, Lumberton, and Neuse rivers where many industrial waste sites (hog manure lagoons and coal ash pits) are located. Several of these waste sites located in the flood plain were breached and have likely cross-contaminated the waterways and water treatment operations. The observed extent of the flooding, environmental contamination, and impact to public health caused by Florence will add to the long-term disaster related mortality and morbidity rates and suggests an expansion of the 100-yr flood hazard zone to communicate the expanded risk to the public.

scholarly journals The Australian industrial system in the era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110128
Author(s):  
Michele O’Neil
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Paid Leave ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Decentralised Systems ◽  
Australian Economy

COVID-19 caused sudden and serious damage to the Australian economy. The effects have been spread unevenly, and highlighted the shortcomings of over-reliance on insecure forms of work. The lack of any form of paid leave for casual and other insecure workers undermined the public health response, and was emblematic of the broader consequences of insecurity. Despite its limitations, Australia’s industrial relations system responded to the challenges of the pandemic in a way that less regulated and ‘decentralised’ systems would not have been able to. This article argues that the union movement was critical to Australia’s successful response, and that the award system proved to be an adaptable mechanism to deliver change at a national level while ensuring that the representative voice of workers was heard, and basic industrial protections were not jettisoned. Industry bargaining would have also been a beneficial tool to deal with economy-wide issues of this kind. The article urges that the lessons of the pandemic be learned as we move to a recovery phase and that we ensure there are more secure jobs, better bargaining rights and improvements to basic protections to ensure that workers’ rights are not eroded.

scholarly journals Barriers to Biosimilar Prescribing Incentives in the Context of Clinical Governance in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Félix Lobo ◽  
Isabel Río-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
National Level ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Micro Level

Incentives contribute to the proper functioning of the broader contracts that regulate the relationships between health systems and professionals. Likewise, incentives are an important element of clinical governance understood as health services’ management at the micro-level, aimed at achieving better health outcomes for patients. In Spain, monetary and non-monetary incentives are sometimes used in the health services, but not as frequently as in other countries. There are already several examples in European countries of initiatives searching the promotion of biosimilars through different sorts of incentives, but not in Spain. Hence, this paper is aimed at identifying the barriers that incentives to prescribe biosimilars might encounter in Spain, with particular interest in incentives in the framework of clinical governance. Both questions are intertwined. Barriers are presented from two perspectives. Firstly, based on the nature of the barrier: (i) the payment system for health professionals, (ii) budget rigidity and excessive bureaucracy, (iii) little autonomy in the management of human resources (iv) lack of clinical integration, (v) absence of a legal framework for clinical governance, and (vi) other governance-related barriers. The second perspective is based on the stakeholders involved: (i) gaps in knowledge among physicians, (ii) misinformation and distrust among patients, (iii) trade unions opposition to productivity-related payments, (iv) lack of a clear position by professional associations, and (v) misalignment of the goals pursued by some healthcare professionals and the goals of the public system. Finally, the authors advance several recommendations to overcome these barriers at the national level.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of different types of COH protocols for in vitro fertilization at national level

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boriana Benbassat ◽  
Konstantin Mitov ◽  
Alexandra Savova ◽  
Konstantin Tachkov ◽  
Guenka Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
National Level ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Different Types

First Writings for the Stage (1580s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
David G. Burton
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Lope De Vega ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Type ◽  
Comedia Nueva

In the 1580s, Cervantes turned to writing for the stage in pursuit of a career as a professional playwright, capitalizing on the popularity of the public theatres and the lucrative trade it produced. However, after a modicum of success his career was soon thwarted by the comedia nueva and the advent of Lope de Vega in the late-1580s would take that obsession to a national level. This chapter explores the first stage of Cervantes’s writing career prior to this new type of play establishing a monopoly on the tastes of the paying public.

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