scholarly journals Barriers to Biosimilar Prescribing Incentives in the Context of Clinical Governance in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Félix Lobo ◽  
Isabel Río-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
National Level ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Micro Level

Incentives contribute to the proper functioning of the broader contracts that regulate the relationships between health systems and professionals. Likewise, incentives are an important element of clinical governance understood as health services’ management at the micro-level, aimed at achieving better health outcomes for patients. In Spain, monetary and non-monetary incentives are sometimes used in the health services, but not as frequently as in other countries. There are already several examples in European countries of initiatives searching the promotion of biosimilars through different sorts of incentives, but not in Spain. Hence, this paper is aimed at identifying the barriers that incentives to prescribe biosimilars might encounter in Spain, with particular interest in incentives in the framework of clinical governance. Both questions are intertwined. Barriers are presented from two perspectives. Firstly, based on the nature of the barrier: (i) the payment system for health professionals, (ii) budget rigidity and excessive bureaucracy, (iii) little autonomy in the management of human resources (iv) lack of clinical integration, (v) absence of a legal framework for clinical governance, and (vi) other governance-related barriers. The second perspective is based on the stakeholders involved: (i) gaps in knowledge among physicians, (ii) misinformation and distrust among patients, (iii) trade unions opposition to productivity-related payments, (iv) lack of a clear position by professional associations, and (v) misalignment of the goals pursued by some healthcare professionals and the goals of the public system. Finally, the authors advance several recommendations to overcome these barriers at the national level.

Unions & Civic Engagement: How the Assault on Labor Endangers Civil Society

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Andy Stern
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
National Level ◽  
Union Density ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual

American trade unions are a crucial segment of civil society that enriches our democracy. Union members are stewards of the public good, empowering the individual through collective action and solidarity. While union density has declined, the U.S. labor movement remains a substantial political and economic force. But the relentless attacks by the political right and its corporate allies could lead to an erosion of civic engagement, further economic inequality, and a political imbalance of power that can undermine society. The extreme assault on unions waged by Republicans in Wisconsin, Ohio, Michigan, and at a national level must be countered by a revitalized labor movement and by those who understand that unions are positive civil actors who bring together individuals who alone have little power. Unions need both structural reform and greater boldness; there are moments in which direct action and dramatic militancy can bring about positive social change. The current assault on labor can be rebuffed, and unions can expand their role as stewards for the public good and as defenders of efforts by the 99 percent to reduce inequality and protect democracy.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Legal Review of Several Related Issues

Law and World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-183
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Additional Funding ◽  
Psychosocial Need ◽  
The Right

The research problem of this article will address the specific issues related to mental health in a legal context. The aim of the research is to outline established practices and show us the situation in this regard. To achieve this goal, legal norms are reviewed, both internationally and domestically. Also, cases from court and reports of the Public Defender of Georgia. Research has shown that protecting the right to health is problematic. In particular, mental health services are less accessible and comprehensive. Although the legal framework imposes certain requirements, in practice there are breaches that lead to human rights violations. In particular, the current research revealed violations of the right to life and health. As well as facts of torture and inhuman treatment, both nationally and internationally. This article concludes by suggesting ways to address the problem, such as accessing additional funding for health services, with more controlled monitoring that will tightly control the enforcement of legal requirements. Based on the principle of the welfare state, the state should provide services that do not put people in a psychosocial need in a worse position. Finally, it should be noted that as a result of the research, specific issues related to mental health were identified, which were reviewed in a legal context. The practices that exist in the international and national levels were highlighted.

Strengthening the public health workforce in Slovakia through professionalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Katreniakova ◽  
D Kallayova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The Public

Abstract Issue The Coalition of Partners (CoP) takes collective action to strengthen public health (PH) services and capacities across the WHO European Region. A review of the implementation of the European Action Plan for Strengthening PH Capacities and Services showed that, despite robust action, its potential remained largely unrealized. In 2017-2018 Slovakia has joined the WHO activities aimed to accelerate a progress in Europe and in individual Member States. One of the main problem of the Slovak PH system is a lack of experts and unbalanced infrastructure. Description of the problem The critical shortage of PH workforce in Slovakia is a result of increasing retirement of physicians, decreasing interest of young physicians and PH professionals to enter to PH practice, and limited opportunities for other professionals in the current PH system. Therefore, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Public Health Authority of the SR, the relevant academic institutions and non-governmental organisations agreed to deal with strengthening the PH workforce and took the responsibility for mobilizing the resources needed to implement the Agenda for Action. Results In September 2019, regional PH institutes, universities, professional associations, and other experts were invited to evaluate the PH workforce professionalization using a rapid assessment tool (Czabanowska, Slock, 2019). In October-December 2019, three national round tables were held with aim to formulate the areas for cooperation. In February 2020, the core team and three expertś teams were nominated by the State secretary of the MOH to continue on prioritising the future recommendations in the fields of: education and training, research and development, system and financing. Lessons The initiative supporting PH professionalization has a potential to form a national CoP on strengthening PH capacities and services. Its long-term vision is focused on effectively and efficiently governed PH system in Slovakia. Key messages In Slovakia, strengthening the public health workforce is essential. Started cooperation on supporting public health professionalization is an important step for future actions at national level.

School Choice and Implementation: Survey Evidence Across Indian States

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-185
Author(s):  
Srikrishna Ayyangar ◽  
Sham N. Kashyap ◽  
Prateeti Prasad ◽  
Rishikesh B.S.
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
National Narrative ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Services

Research on implementation of basic services points out that the upwardly mobile seem to be exiting the public system for private alternatives, straining the capacity of the public system to serve the poor. But is this national narrative representative of implementation across the various states in India? Based on questions of school choice from a national survey, we argue that respondents’ choice of public or private service seems to be affected by state-level patterns that are obscured by both individual background characteristics from below and the national narrative from above. We argue that background characteristics do explain current school choices but do not fully explain ideal school choices. If ideal school choices are considered akin to the demand side of implementation, then our study shows that both societal and state-level patterns matter as we identified certain underserved populations that still aspire for public services, and who typically get obscured by national-level explanations.

Epilepsy in Practice

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kok
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Community Level ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Continue Treatment

Epilepsy is a common and often neglected illness in developing countries requiring a conscious effort by health workers, especially at community level, to enhance access to regular treatment and to motivate patients to continue treatment. Effective new drugs have recently come on to the market. However, their high cost means that they often cannot be afforded by poor countries. Strengthening local and national level organizations may help to motivate health workers and the public, improving health services for those with epilepsy and preventing serious complications.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of routine immunization services in Lebanon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246951
Author(s):  
Ziad Mansour ◽  
Jinan Arab ◽  
Racha Said ◽  
Alissar Rady ◽  
Randa Hamadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
National Level ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunization Services

Introduction The global abrupt progression of the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt critical life-saving services such as routine immunization (RI), thus increasing the susceptibility of countries to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Being endemic to several infectious diseases, Lebanon might be at increased risk of outbreaks as the utilization of RI services might have deteriorated due to the pandemic and the country’s political unrest following the October 2019 uprising. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the utilization of RI services in both the public and private sectors following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A self-administered cross-sectional survey was completed electronically, in April 2020, by 345 private pediatricians who are registered in professional associations of physicians in Lebanon and provide immunization services at their clinics. Means of the reported percentages of decrease in the utilization of vaccination services by pediatricians were calculated. As for the public sector, an examination of the monthly differences in the number of administered vaccine doses in addition to their respective percentages of change was performed. Adjustment for the distribution of RI services between the sectors was performed to calculate the national decrease rate. Results The utilization of vaccination services at the national level decreased by 31%. In the private sector, immunization services provision diminished by 46.9% mainly between February and April 2020. The highest decrease rates were observed for oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and hepatitis A, followed by measles and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. The number of vaccine doses administered in the public sector decreased by 20%. The most prominent reductions were detected for the OPV and measles vaccines, and during October 2019 and March 2020. Conclusion The substantial decrease in the utilization of RI as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic requires public health interventions to prevent future outbreaks of VPDs.

Building Capacity of the Public Health Education Workforce Through Partnerships

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Mark Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
State University ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
The Public ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
The Usa

The Global Health Disparities CD-ROM Project reaffirmed the value of professional associations partnering with academic institutions to build capacity of the USA public health education workforce to meet the challenges of primary prevention services. The Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) partnered with the California State University, Chico to produce a CD-ROM that would advocate for global populations that are affected by health disparities while providing primary resources for public health educators to use in programming and professional development. The CD-ROM development process is discussed

THE INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE INDIGENOUS MALAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Datuk Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wan Ahmad Fauzi Wan Husain
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Accurate Interpretation ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Indigenous Sovereignty

This article attempts to explore the Islamic interpretation within the legal framework of the Malayan indigenous sovereignty. The position of Islam within the country’s legal framework became important when the Court’s decision in Che Omar Che Soh vs the Public Prosecutor, made the sovereignty of the Malay Rulers as a parameter in interpreting Islam within the context of Article 3 of the Federal Constitution. This is a qualitative study applying the legal history design. The findings showed the indigenous sovereignty was sourced from the Islamic teachings which had not been dissolved despite the introduction of the doctrine of advice by the British. Besides, the agreement made between the Malay Rulers and the British retained the indigenous sovereignty despite of various policies introduced by the British throughout their interference in Malaya which was subjected to the old Malayan Constitution. In conclusion, the accurate interpretation of Islam should be based on the al-Qur'an and al-Sunnah because it is in line with the principle of the indigenous sovereignty inherited from the Malay Sultanate of Malacca.

Entrepreneurship Management at the Local Government Level: The Experience of the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-407
Author(s):  
Patricio Gigli ◽  
◽  
Donatela Orsi ◽  
Marisel Martín Aramburú ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Issue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Government Level

This paper aims at describing the experience of the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program (Ciudades para Emprender or CPE) of the National Directorate of Community and Human Capital (which belongs to the SEPYME), National Ministry of Production. This paper starts from the premise that entrepreneurship takes place at the most micro level of the offer and, therefore, is a concept associated with the characteristics of the environment closest to that offer: the local territory. However, there is little history in the country of public policies relating the issue of entrepreneurship with the local management. That is why we take as a starting point the conceptualization of the chosen framework: local governments and the development issue, seen from the perspective of entrepreneurships. Moreover, an overview is given on the structural characteristics of municipalities in Argentina. In addition, some international experiences and attempts to promote entrepreneurship at a national level are analyzed. Finally, the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program (CPE) is outlined, based on a summary of the diagnoses of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems of the selected cities and the tools used and their execution status at the time of publication of this paper.

Our universities away from partisan Altsarat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
أ.د.عبد الجبار احمد عبد الله
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Office ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The University

In order to codify the political and partisan activity in Iraq, after a difficult labor, the Political Parties Law No. (36) for the year 2015 started and this is positive because it is not normal for the political parties and forces in Iraq to continue without a legal framework. Article (24) / paragraph (5) of the law requires that the party and its members commit themselves to the following: (To preserve the neutrality of the public office and public institutions and not to exploit it for the gains of a party or political organization). This is considered because it is illegal to exploit State institutions for partisan purposes . It is a moral duty before the politician not to exploit the political parties or some of its members or those who try to speak on their behalf directly or indirectly to achieve partisan gains. Or personality against other personalities and parties at the expense of the university entity.

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