scholarly journals Sexual Assault on College Campuses: Substance Use, Victim Status Awareness, and Barriers to Reporting

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schwarz ◽  
Sandy Gibson ◽  
Carolynne Lewis-Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Rape Myths ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Potential Benefits

Background: Despite the high incidence of estimated sexual assault on college campuses, underreporting is substantial and perpetuated by a culture of rape myths that are pervasive across society in general and college campuses.Aim: The aim of this study was to: examine college student awareness of their own sexual assault victimization status, barriers to reporting, and the prevalence of substance use in sexual assault.Method: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method survey sent to a universal sample of college students from two neighboring institutions of higher education (N=2,724).Results: Results from this survey demonstrated a lack of understanding of what constitutes sexual assault, primarily attributed to the normalization of assault and rape myths. Regardless of victim status awareness, those who were victimized were significantly more likely to use higher levels of alcohol than non-victims, and were less likely to identify their victimization as sexual assault, highlighting the need for college students to understand that alcohol-involved sexual assault is still sexual assault.Conclusions: Overwhelmingly, participants cited the potential consequences as far greater than any potential benefits to reporting sexual assault. Confusion about what constitutes sexual assault and uncertainty of available resources were also recognized as contributing factors in underreporting.

scholarly journals College Students’ Caffeine Intake Habits and Their Perception of Its Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Van Beek ◽  
Megan E. Weier ◽  
Kassandra R. Williams ◽  
Samuel P. Abraham ◽  
Deborah R. Gillum
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
College Campus ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Background: Caffeine is a highly used stimulant on college campuses. The prevalence of energy drinks, especially among the younger generations is cause for concern. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the caffeine intake habits of college students and the perception of its effects. Method: The method used was quantitative, cross-sectional, with a descriptive design. The two research questions were: (1) What are the caffeine intake habits of college students? (2) What are the perceptions of the effects of caffeine use among college students? This study was conducted at a college campus in northern Indiana, USA. Participants included 120 male and female students ages 18 years and older. The health belief model was used to guide this study. Results: The study indicated that while caffeine is a commonly used stimulant across campus, overuse was not revealed. Many students reported being able to go 48-72 hours without caffeine and not experiencing withdrawal symptoms when going without it. However, most students do report that they perceive a need to decrease their use of caffeine, as caffeine use has increased since attending college. Conclusion: The review of the literature indicated that the use of caffeine was higher in younger people. However, the research completed as a part of this study from college students indicated that caffeine overuse may not be as prevalent as previously thought.

Understanding the Complexities of Sexual Assault and Its Traumatic Effects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Beste
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Student Perspectives ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Hookup Culture

This chapter focuses on the particular injustice of sexual violence because it emerged as a dominant theme in students’ reflections on party and hookup culture. If we hope to create a just sexual culture in which all college students are respected and treated as ends-in-themselves, we first need to confront the reality of sexual violence on college campuses. Drawing both on student perspectives and important research studies, this chapter first examines why sexual violence is so prevalent on college campuses and then identifies risk factors that increase the likelihood of victimization and perpetration. Lastly, the author examines the traumatic effects of sexual violence on sexual assault survivors.

An Exploratory Examination of College Students’ Likelihood of Reporting Sexual Assault to Police and University Officials: Results of a Self-Report Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 3419-3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briana M. Moore ◽  
Thomas Baker
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
University Officials ◽  
Trust In Police

Despite the growing salience of sexual assault victimizations on college campuses, reporting of such events remains low. A better understanding of what affects students’ reporting behavior and to whom they are likely to report victimizations can aid in developing policies and programs that promote reporting. Using a sample of 336 college students, this study uses hypothetical scenarios to examine the factors that affect individuals’ likelihood to report sexual assaults to the police and to university officials. Results show that students are significantly more likely to report sexual assaults to the police than to university officials. In addition, wanting justice, trust in police and university officials, and a desire for services are among the most consistent factors that affect students’ likelihood to report to both the police and university officials.

scholarly journals Sexual Assault and Alcohol Use among College Students: A Critical Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Calasso ◽  
Carly Thompson-Memmer ◽  
Aaron J Kruse-Diehr ◽  
Tavis Glassman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Information ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female College ◽  
Polysubstance Use

The purpose of this study was to assess the extant literature on the relationship between alcohol and sexual assault among college students. A literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsycINFO, JSTOR, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Key search terms included sexual assault, alcohol, and college students. A total of 23 articles met inclusion criteria, the plurality (47.8%) of which were cross-sectional and featured convenience samples (43.5%). All studies were conducted at public higher education institutions in the United States. The most salient crosscutting themes included perceived low risk for sexual assault among female college students, higher likelihood of severe sexual assault among women who consumed more alcohol, and general information about polysubstance use and sexual assault risk. Methodological shortcomings included an overreliance on convenience sampling, lack of reporting of where samples were obtained, and single-site data collection. Given the large number of studies that found women who consume alcohol are more likely than their nondrinking counterparts to experience sexual assault, public health educators must continue to prioritize female college students who drink. However, interventions should target potential perpetrators rather than focusing solely on how victims can avoid risky situations. Future research should include diverse, random samples across multiple institutions topromote greater generalizability of findings.

scholarly journals Summer Employment and Tobacco Use among College Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Rachel Hardin ◽  
Megan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Summer Programs ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Use

Background: Research has shown that tobacco use among college students is influenced by the social environment, especially among a subset of smokers known as social smokers. Although many college campuses now have tobacco-free policies that could restrict social use of tobacco products, these policies often do not extend to common places of summer employment for college students that have similar social environments. Currently, no recommended tobacco policy exists for such summer programs, and little research has been done to assess their need. Methods: The objective of this study was to examine trends in tobacco use among the college-aged summer employees of a non-profit organization. Participants included the college-aged summer employees of a seasonal non-profit organization based in the Appalachian region from May through August 2015. At the beginning and end of the summer employment period, an online cross-sectional survey was distributed to each eligible staff member to examine trends in tobacco use. Results: Among the 60 follow-up respondents, 22.8% (n=13) reported an overall increase in tobacco use over the summer, while 3.5% (n=2) reported a decrease in tobacco use and 73.7% (n=42) reported no change. Conclusions: These results indicate that college students are at risk of increasing their tobacco use during summer employment. There is a need for further research into the role of summer workplace influences on tobacco use among college students. Key words: tobacco, college students, social smoking, summer employment

scholarly journals Substances use and its association with socio-demographic, family, and environment-related factors among technical and vocational education and training college students in Ataye, Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
abate dargie wubetu ◽  
Sintayehu Getachew ◽  
Wassie Negash
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Technical And Vocational Education ◽  
Legal Substances ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background: Legal substances use is prevalent in Ethiopia. Substance use can have several health problems that are potentially harmful to educational performance, social issues, psychological and physical wellbeing. This study aimed to know the prevalence of lifetime and last month’s substance use and its associated factors among technical and vocational education and training College students in Ataye town. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to last May 2019. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data collected by using a structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data collected by five trained diploma nurses with close supervision. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval, and p-value less than 0.05 used to declare the statistical significance of associated factors. Results: Four hundred eighty-three individuals participated in the study, which was a response rate of 94%. The prevalence of lifetime legal substance use was 32.5% (95% CI: 28.2, 36.5). The prevalence of last month's legal substances use was 21.9% (95% CI= 18.2, 25.5). Among lifetime legal substance users, the majority (25.5%) chewed khat. The others, (19.5%) drunk alcohol, and, 15.3% smoked cigarettes in a lifetime. Lifetime cannabis and cocaine users were 2.5%, and 7.2% respectively. Among last month's legal substance users, (21.9%) chewed khat followed by alcohol drinking (16.6%), and cigarette smoking (15.3%). In the last month, 1.2% and 3.3% of students used cannabis and cocaine respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that being male, having a divorced family, living greater than twenty years in the town, having substance user family members, having intimate friend substance users, and easy availability of substances were independent predictors of lifetime legal substances use.Conclusions: The prevalence of last month and lifetime legal substance use at Ataye Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college students were analogous with most studies done in Ethiopia. It is advisable if the college administrators work together with town administrators to mitigate the problem including closing substance use houses around the school. Overall, Substance use among adolescents should get further emphasis to lower the prevalence.

Factors Associated With and Barriers to Disclosure of a Sexual Assault to Formal On-Campus Resources Among College Students

2019 ◽  
pp. 107780121988917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Mennicke ◽  
Jessamyn Bowling ◽  
Jill Gromer ◽  
Clare Ryan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
White Women ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Campus Organizations ◽  
Campus Resources ◽  
Disclosure Responses ◽  
The Individual

Sexual assault on college campuses occurs at high rates, but disclosure to formal on-campus resources remains low. This study used a mixed methodological survey to explore demographic and social characteristics of students who formally reported their assaults and those who did not and examined barriers to formal disclosure. Responses revealed that students who disclosed to formal on-campus resources suffered frequent polyvictimization, had high rates of physical and emotional consequences, and were mostly White women involved in campus organizations. Barriers to formal resource utilization were identified at the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community levels.

The Mediating Roles of Hostility and Dissociation in the Relationship Between Sexual Assault and Suicidal Thinking in College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1635-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy M. Keefe ◽  
Melanie D. Hetzel-Riggin ◽  
Naoyuki Sunami
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual assault and suicide are two serious public health concerns. Research has documented the relationship between sexual assault and suicidal thinking and attempts; however, limited research explores the more multifaceted relationships between posttraumatic stress reactions and suicidal ideation in college students through unsuccessful modulation of emotion. The authors hypothesized a mediation model where the relationship between sexual assault and suicidal ideation is mediated by dissociation and hostility. In total, 1,677 undergraduate students were administered modified versions of the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ), Symptom Checklist–90–Revised (SCL-90-R), and Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). The results revealed both significant partial but equal mediators of hostility and dissociation. However, a portion of the direct effect between sexual assault and suicidal ideation remained unaccounted for by indirect effects. The current model supports previous work on dialectical behavior therapy that says either side of the dialectic between extreme expression and suppression of hostility increases the likelihood of suicidal thinking after sexual assault. With sexual assault survivors, practitioners should use strategies that emphasize both anger expression and healthy avoidance as a way to modulate emotion to potentially reduce suicidal thoughts. Future research should focus on different gender models, additional possible mediators such as alcohol use and guilt, and different forms of sexual assault. Limitations of the correlational, cross-sectional methodology are discussed.

College Students’ Reasons for Using JUULs

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712199229
Author(s):  
Kyra V. Newcombe ◽  
Page D. Dobbs ◽  
Julia S. Oehlers ◽  
Chris M. Dunlap ◽  
Marshall K. Cheney
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Us ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Cross ◽  
Use Factors

Purpose: To identify reasons that college students use JUUL and explore associations between reasons for using JUUL and social and behavioral (tobacco use) factors. Design: On-line, cross-sectional survey. Setting: Large southwestern university in the US. Subjects: Undergraduate students (n = 605) who owned JUUL and used it weekly. Measures: The study measured age of JUUL initiation, JUUL dependence, and use of other e-cigarettes and other tobacco products. Participants described reasons for JUUL use as brief open-ended responses. Analysis: Responses were categorized by 2 researchers using an inductive procedure. Logistic regressions examined associations between demographics and use frequency and categorized reasons for using JUUL. Results: Four reasons for using JUUL emerged: self-help (48.4%), social (30.4%), experience (42.8%), and substance use/addiction (42.3%). Daily JUUL users were 1.66 (95% CI: 1.05-2.63) times as likely to use JUUL for self-help than those who used JUUL 1-3 days/week. Those who had never tried a cigarette were twice (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.22-3.54) as likely as cigarette-first users to use JUUL for social reasons. Males (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.32-2.65) had higher odds of using JUUL for the experience than females, and JUUL and other e-cigarettes users were 4.37 (95% CI: 1.83-10.45) times as likely as JUUL-only users to use JUUL due to substance use/addiction. Conclusion: JUUL users report unique reasons for use (e.g., addiction) not previously reported for older models of e-cigarette devices.

scholarly journals Drug-Substance Abuse, Age at Onset and Contributing Factors to Stoppage of Drug Use among Students in Aluu Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Chigozie Njoku ◽  
Vivian Oparah
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Drug Substance ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Decision

Background: Most drug-substance abusers do have withdrawal symptoms considering the type of drug. Some of the symptoms include: changes in appetite, changes in mood, congestion, seizure, fatigue etc. These symptoms make it difficult for someone to effectively withdraw. It therefore means that for someone to effectively withdraw from drug abuse, there are other factors that must come into play to enhance success. Hence, this study was done to determine the contributing factors to stoppage of drug use among students in university of Port Harcourt’s host communities as an attempt to curb the menace and its effect on students and the entire society at large. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in ALUU Community in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State between August 2019 and December 2019. The study involved 150 volunteers recruited randomly through a multi-staged sampling technique which included secondary school students, undergraduates who are 13yrs and above residing in ALUU community while those who did not give consent were excluded. The data was collected using self-structured close-ended self-administered questionnaires and data analysis done using SPSS version 25.  Results and Discussions: The results of the study showed that the proportion of students that have stopped drug/substance abuse was 7.34%, the most prevalent age group at onset of drug use was 16-18yrs, and 26.42% of students used drugs/substance daily. The most prevalent reason for stopping drug use was personal decision 54.55%, while the least proportion was other reason 9.09%; Family and religious leaders had equal influence (45.45%) in the stoppage of drug/substance use by students. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the most prevalent reason for stopping drug use was personal decision 54.55%, Family and religious leaders (45.45%) were the major contributing factors and had equal influence in the stoppage of drug/substance use by students.

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