scholarly journals Children of Imprisoned Parents in Scandinavia: Their Problems, Treatment and the Role of Scandinavian Penal Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scharff Smith
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Special Training ◽  
History Of

In some ways, the issue of prisoner’s children seems to be one of the major Gordian knots facing the practice of punishment and imprisonment today. How can we punish parents committing serious crimes and still respect the situation and rights of their children? This issue has begun to attract attention during recent years, after having been more or less neglected throughout most of the history of the prison. Empirical research on, reports on, and advocacy for children of imprisoned parents have, for example, been produced in Scandinavia during recent years by researchers, NGOs and children’s Ombudsmen. Based on this research as well as on personal observations and new empirical data, I will in this article take a closer look at the situation of prisoners’ children in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. I will look into how many children who experience parental imprisonment and the problems they often face – especially in Denmark where most of the Scandinavian empirical research has been done. I will also describe some of the recent initiatives, reforms and good practice, which has been introduced, or is currently in the process of being introduced, in the Scandinavian countries. One example is the children’s officers, that is, prison officers with special training who are responsible for enhancing the possibilities for improved contact between children and their imprisoned parents. Finally, I will discuss to what degree specific Scandinavian penal practices might influence the conditions experienced by prisoners’ children. As I will show, there are examples of Scandinavian practices, which can both enhance and worsen the situation of prisoners’ children.

The Role of the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Eulau ◽  
John C. Wahlke ◽  
William Buchanan ◽  
Leroy C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Edmund Burke ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
History Of

The problem of representation is central to all discussions of the functions of legislatures or the behavior of legislators. For it is commonly taken for granted that, in democratic political systems, legislatures are both legitimate and authoritative decision-making institutions, and that it is their representative character which makes them authoritative and legitimate. Through the process of representation, presumably, legislatures are empowered to act for the whole body politic and are legitimized. And because, by virtue of representation, they participate in legislation, the represented accept legislative decisions as authoritative. But agreement about the meaning of the term “representation” hardly goes beyond a general consensus regarding the context within which it is appropriately used. The history of political theory is studded with definitions of representation, usually embedded in ideological assumptions and postulates which cannot serve the uses of empirical research without conceptual clarification.

scholarly journals Absolute Pitch in Oral Transmission of Folk Tunes as Constrained Random Walks

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Klaus Frieler
Keyword(s):  
Random Walks ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Oral Transmission

In this commentary, I would like to add a few of our own, still unpublished, empirical observations concerning the possible role of absolute pitch memory (APM) in the oral transmission of folksongs. This empirical data poses some questions on the likelihood of the observed inter-recording tonic pitch consistency of Olthof, Janssen & Honing (2015) and how these could come about. Based on simulations of absolute pitch class of tonics during oral transmission of folk songs, I argue that the interplay of melodic range and vocal range might actually be the main reason for the observed non-uniformity, in contrast to the conclusions presented in Olthof et al. (2015). However, this does not invalidate the therein presented evidence, but makes the case more puzzling, consequently calling for more empirical research on the interaction of melodic and vocal range and latent APM as well as for more detailed modeling of oral transmission of folk songs.

ДЕТСКИЕ РАДИОПЕРЕДАЧИ «РАДИО ЧУВАШИИ» СОВЕТСКОГО И СОВРЕМЕННОГО ПЕРИОДОВ В СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОМ АСПЕКТЕ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Vasilyeva ◽  
Galina Khoraskina ◽  
Oleg Studentsov ◽  
Marina Savirova
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Time Stress ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Children's Radio

Статья посвящена развитию детских радиопередач «Радио Чувашии» (ГТРК «Чувашия»), их современному состоянию, жанровой и тематической специфике. Внимание акцентируется на роли детских радиопередач в обучении и воспитании подрастающего поколения. В основу работы легли методы эмпирического исследования, а также метод литературного анализа (содержательного, структурного) произведений с учетом специфики звучащего материала. Проанализированы архивные записи детских радиопередач разных лет, изучены личные воспоминания радиожурналистов В. Эльби, В. Минеевой, Г. Вастрюковой. Объем детского вещания сократился с 70 мин. в неделю в советский период до 20-25 мин. в настоящее время. Из эфира исчезли такие формы, как детские радиожурналы и радиогазеты. Указывается на необходимость поиска новых тем и форм подачи материала. Данное исследование должно восполнить пробел в изучении детской радиожурналистики Чувашии.The article is devoted to the history of children’s radio programmes on «Radio Chuvashia» (STRBC «Chuvashia»), their current state, analysis of their genre and thematic specifics. The paper focuses on the role of children’s radio programmes in education and upbringing of the rising generation. The analysis is based on the methods of empirical research. The paper also employs the method of literary analysis (the analysis of content and structure) of works regarding the specifics of the sound material. The authors analyzed the archival records of children’s radio programmess, studied the personal archives of radio journalists V. Elbie, V. Mineeva, G. Vastryukova. The authors conclude that children’s broadcasting time has reduced from 70 minutes (the Soviet period) to 20-25 minutes a week (the present time); stress that radio magazines and radio newspapers for children have disappeared at all; point out the necessity to look for the new topics and forms of presentation of material; intend that the current research paper is to fill the gap in the study of children’s radio journalism in Chuvashia.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN RUSSIAN SCIENCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX-th - EARLY XX-th CENTURIES AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE FORMATION OF HISTORICAL PSYCHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-133
Author(s):  
В.П. Позняков
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
History Of

В статье излагаются авторские представления о предмете исторической психологии ее задачах, методах и истории. Анализируются связи исторической и социальной психологии. Отмечается, что эмпирические данные, полученные в результате психологических исследований (прежде всего - эмпирических исследований в области социальной психологии, то есть исследований социального взаимодействия и взаимоотношений индивидов и групп в реальных социальных, а значит и в конкретных социально-исторических условиях), могут и должны рассматриваться как эмпирические источники данных для историко-психологического исследования того исторического периода, в который эти исследования проводились. Исходя из таких представлений, анализируются результаты эмпирических исследований, выполненных в области этнической, юридической и военной психологии российскими учеными во второй половине XIX-го - начале XX-го вв. Отмечается, что эти исследования проводились в период интенсивных преобразований в российской экономике, политике, культуре. Эти результаты, полученные в предыдущие, исторически предшествующие современным периоды жизни общества, могут представлять самостоятельный интерес для исторических психологов как эмпирические факты и данные о социально-психологических явлениях, имевших место в конкретных общественно-исторических условиях, в конкретных социальных группах. Их анализ будет способствовать уточнению и развитию научных представлений о взаимосвязях истории человеческого общества и явлений общественной психологии. Делается вывод о том, что их результаты правомерно рассматривать как предпосылки становления отечественной исторической психологии. The article presents the author's ideas about the subject of historical psychology, its tasks, methods and history. The connections between historical and social psychology are analyzed. It is noted that empirical data obtained because of psychological research (first of all, empirical research in the field of social psychology conducted in real conditions, that is, studies of social interaction and relationships of individuals and groups in real social, and therefore in specific socio-historical conditions) can and should be considered as empirical data sources for historical and psychological research of the historical period in which these studies were conducted. Based on these ideas, we analyze the results of empirical research carried out in the field of ethnic, legal and military psychology by Russian scientists in the second half of the 19th-early 20th century. It is noted that these studies were conducted during a period of intensive transformations in the Russian economy, politics, and culture. These results, which were obtained in previous historical periods of society, could be of independent interest to past psychologists as empirical facts. And the data on social and psychological phenomena that occurred in specific social and historical conditions, social groups. Their analysis will contribute to the clarification and development of scientific ideas about the interrelationships between the history of human society and the phenomena of social psychology. It is concluded that the results of these studies can be considered as prerequisites for the formation of national historical psychology.

scholarly journals Vaccination Hesitancy, Knowledge and the Role of Confidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Oliver Krüger ◽  
Kathrin Krüger
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concepts Of Knowledge ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Vaccination Hesitancy

While from a medical point of view it seems obvious that “vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent disease” (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020), some people reject vaccinations for various reasons. The scientific discourse refers to them as vaccination hesitant. In this article we take a closer look at the different concepts of knowledge underlying vaccination hesitancy. We look at the history of vaccination hesitancy, examine current studies and report on select, empirical research into parental vaccination hesitancy, that we carried out in 2014/2015. Finally, we argue that the key challenge in vaccination education is not only to provide information but to build confidence.

Research on the relationship between institutional investor research meeting and the performance of listed companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqin Zhang ◽  
Yong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Research Meeting ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the relationship between institutional investors research meeting and performance of companies being researched. Design/methodology/approach Using empirical research method, this study designs and conducts an empirical research according to empirical research’s basic norms. Thus, the authors acquire needed and credible empirical data. Findings By analyzing the empirical data, there is a significant positive effect between institutional investors research meeting and the earnings per share of company being researched. Improvement in the level of the research meetings of the institutional investors strengthens the external supervision of management, alleviates the information asymmetry between management and shareholders, improves the management efficiency of the company and ultimately increases the performance of the company. When the performance of a company is better, we can find that the role of II research meetings is more significant. In addition, II research meetings are better able to improve the performance of state-owned enterprises. Originality/value This study empirically analyzes and verifies the roles of institutional investors research meeting in improve the performance of the company being researched. The authors expand the channel of institutional investors research behaviors to improve the performance of listed companies by strengthening the supervision and restraint of management behavior. Additionally, via a reverse study, it is found that the situation of the researched company itself is also one of the factors that determine the results of institutional investors research meetings.

THE INDIVIDUAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF MOTORIC COMPONENTS OF THE MNEMIC PROCESSING OF INFORMATION BY PILOT-CADETS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
D. Volkov ◽  
K. Kravchenko ◽  
V. Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
The Military ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Permanent Increase

Unlike many other professions the activity of pilots is conducted under conditions of pretty high risks to perish because ofaccidents, malfunctions and catastrophes. Throughout the history of development of aviation, the overwhelming amount ofaccidents and catastrophes has been connected with the constructive peculiarities of hardware, malfunctions of equipment andthe unreliability of flying devices. Currently, despite the significant process in terms of perfection of aviation hardware, aimed atthe increase of reliability of its exploitation, there’s a permanent increase in human victims and increase in material losses as aresult of accidents and catastrophes. This eventually leads to the fact that specialists address more and more not the issue oftechnical reliability of the flying device, but more about the role of the human factor in terms of security while piloting, and in thisregard special interest is demonstrated to a number of issues that are related to the individual-psychological peculiarities ofbehavior under extreme conditions when performing pilot activities.The article presents the results of an empirical research, that is conducted on the basis of the Kharkiv Ivan Kozhedubnational Air Force university, The Military Institute of the Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University and the The DniepropetrovksNational Oles Honchar University. The empirical research has been conducted with the following: an experimental group – of 32cadets – pilots of the third and the fourth courses, a control group that consisted of cadets from the fourth course (50individuals) and students of the fourth course (50 individuals).In order to conduct that necessary research a number of psycho diagnosis approaches have been selected: the testquestionnaireG. Ajzenka EPI, adapted by A. Schmelevij; the Diagnosis questionnaire “Human-machine”; the approach ofconducting express diagnosis of the peculiarities of the nervesystem based on the psychmotorical indicators E, Ilina (tepingtest);the psychomotoric test “Zero” E, Ilina, adopted by D. Volkov.

Tryptophan and depression: can diet alone be the answer?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerissa L. Soh ◽  
Garry Walter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
English Language ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

Objective: To compare the scientific content of recent general media articles on tryptophan, diet and depression, with recent empirical research into dietary manipulation of tryptophan published in the scientific literature.Method: A review of the recent empirical research into the role of tryptophan in depression, focusing on dietary methods to influence tryptophan levels. In parallel, a review of recent articles in the general English language media regarding tryptophan and mood.Results: Empirical evidence for improving mood through dietary manipulation of tryptophan is lacking, and it is difficult to change plasma tryptophan levels through diet alone. Tryptophan supplementation and depletion studies suggest that altering tryptophan levels may only benefit certain groups of patients who have a personal or family history of depression. Scientific studies also focus on elucidating mechanisms in depression, rather than treating depression by changing tryptophan levels. However, general media articles often recommend diets and foods to increase blood tryptophan levels and raise brain serotonin levels. Such recommendations are not supported by scientific studies.Conclusion: It is very difficult to alter blood tryptophan levels through dietary methods alone, outside of a laboratory or research setting. Only a small number of lay articles provide sound advice, with general media reports on tryptophan often being hyperbolic and misleading. A clinician should be aware of the type of (mis)information a patient may have accessed and have the scientific knowledge to explain the impracticalities of influencing tryptophan levels through diet alone.

scholarly journals The role of virtual space in ensuring ‘fair access’ to banking services –results of empirical research conducted in the Polish SME sector

Europa XXI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Szczepaniec ◽  
Tomasz Jurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatial Exclusion

The aim of this article is to present results of long-term empirical research on the changing behavior of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland in the context of spatial exclusion and spatial ‘justice’. Between 2007 and 2015, the authors conducted cyclical research on the financial behavior of SMEs in Poland on large samples. The scope of research on traditional and virtual space covered mainly: the criteria for selecting a bank for current service and the use of various banking services in particular distribution channels. In the researched period, the percentage of indications to convenient location as the most important factor for selecting a bank dropped from 29% to 16%. In the entire period under research, the highest percentage of indications to convenient location as the most important factor for selecting a bank was recorded in the micro enterprises sector. The percentage of entrepreneurs’ indications of fees and commissions as the most important factor in choosing a bank increase from 28% to 36%. Price parameters became the most important factor of bank selection in the SME sector. Virtual space was used primarily to distribute less complex banking services (checking the account balance and viewing the history of operations on the account, as well as to make transfers). In the case of more complex products, such as deposits or loans, traditional banking branches were preferred. In contrast to the results of the American research (Degryse & Ongena, 2002), in Poland there was no impact of the distance between the company and the bank branch on the loan utilization rates and the loan refusal rates. The research has shown that the virtual space equalizes the opportunities, facilitates business operations, contributes to a drop in prices and improvement in quality of the offered products and services, and renders the access to products and services fairer.

scholarly journals Corrective Feedback in SLA: Theoretical Relevance and Empirical Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Jin Chen ◽  
Jianghao Lin ◽  
Lin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
L2 Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Controversial Topic

<p>Corrective feedback (CF) refers to the responses or treatments from teachers to a learner’s nontargetlike second language (L2) production. CF has been a crucial and controversial topic in the discipline of second language acquisition (SLA). Some SLA theorists believe that CF is harmful to L2 acquisition and should be ruled out completely while others regard CF as an essential catalyst for L2 development. The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in empirical research on the effectiveness of CF. This article, with an aim to provide an informed knowledge of the potential role of CF, briefly traces the history of research on CF and proposes some recommendations for further studies. It starts by surveying a range of theoretical stances on the role of error and error correction (also known as CF) in SLA. It then moves into detailed discussion of three issues on CF heatedly debated either within a cognitive or a sociocultural framework. By examining the empirical findings, some possible topics for further studies are uncovered.</p>

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