Perspectives of coaches on alcohol consumption among student -athletes in Kenya and strategies for control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Mmbaha 1 ◽  
Mugala Bulinda 2
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Senior Students

Numerous studies have been conducted on alcohol and sports among student athletes focusing on the causes, consequence, and intervention measures. However, information is scarce about the perspectives of coaches on alcohol consumption among student athletes. This study examined knowledge and perspectives of coaches on alcohol use among student athletes. Sixty coaches (N-60) were purposively selected from public universities in Kenya.  A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. Findings indicate coaches to have lengthy experience in coaching and they were aware of alcohol consumption among student athletes. Student athletes consumed more alcohol off-season than during season. Senior students consumed more alcohol than the other students. Coaches lacked support of administrators in enforcing anti-alcohol policies. Education, counseling and benching the players were the commonly used intervention measures by coaches.

scholarly journals IMMUNE STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH LUNG TUBERCULOSIS AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Maryna Kochuieva ◽  
Ivan Hrek ◽  
Olena Klimova ◽  
Anton Rogozhyn ◽  
Vasyl Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a great medical and social problem. An important risk factor for tuberculosis progress is the systematic use of alcohol. The relationship between alcohol intake and TB has been clear after numerous studies and meta-analyzes. However, there are still open questions about whether alcohol is the direct cause of TB development, which doses of alcohol have the greatest trigger value in progress of TB process, what kind of immunological reactions are significantly associated with alcohol intake and what immune background can determining role of alcohol in progression of TB infection. The features of the immune response in TB patients with different value of alcohol use remain poorly understood. The aim of the research - to investigate the immune status in patients with firstly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with various levels of alcohol consumption. Materials and methods. We selected for participating in the study 102 males with tuberculosis and alcohol consumption. Examination of the patients included: clinical methods, chest X-ray, sputum tests, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and immunological blood analysis. Results. Patients with tuberculosis and alcohol consumption, have increase inflammatory response: higher level of stab neutrophils, CRP, ESR, as well as phagocyte activity, circulating immune complexes levels and medium molecular weight peptides levels. On the other hand we found decreasing of phagocytic number, index of phagocytosis completeness and differentiation clusters CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ of T-lymphocytes` sub-populations. The highest changes were observed in the group of alcohol abusers. Conclusions. Patients with tuberculosis and alcohol intake, even at low levels of its consumption, have a dysregulation of their immune response. On the one hand, there is an increase of non-specific inflammatory reactions, and on the other - a situation, when antigen-presenting cells cannot adequately to process and present the antigen to phagocytes. This prevents the immune system from responding quickly, correctly evaluating and suppressing foreign agents.

scholarly journals Exploring the longevity advantage of doctorates in Finland and Sweden: The role of smoking- and alcohol-related causes of death

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482096954
Author(s):  
Liina M. Junna ◽  
Lasse Tarkiainen ◽  
Olof Östergren ◽  
Domantas Jasilionis ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The Other

Aims: Tobacco smoking and alcohol use contribute to differences in life expectancy between individuals with primary, secondary and tertiary education. Less is known about the contribution of these risk factors to differences at higher levels of education. We estimate the contribution of smoking and alcohol use to the life-expectancy differences between the doctorates and the other tertiary-educated groups in Finland and in Sweden. Methods: We used total population data from Finland and Sweden from 2011 to 2015 to calculate period life expectancies at 40 years of age. We present the results by sex and educational attainment, the latter categorised as doctorate or licentiate degrees, or other tertiary. We also present an age and cause of death decomposition to assess the contribution of deaths related to smoking and alcohol. Results: In Finland, deaths related to smoking and alcohol constituted 48.6% of the 2.1-year difference in life expectancy between men with doctorate degrees and the other tertiary-educated men, and 22.9% of the 2.1-year difference between women, respectively. In Sweden, these causes account for 22.2% of the 1.9-year difference among men, and 55.7% of the 1.6-year difference among women, which in the latter case is mainly due to smoking. Conclusions: Individuals with doctorates tend to live longer than other tertiary-educated individuals. This difference can be partly attributed to alcohol consumption and smoking.

scholarly journals Do schools and alcohol mix? Australian parents' perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Conor Gilligan ◽  
Therese Shaw ◽  
Shelley Beatty ◽  
Laura Thomas ◽  
Karen Louise Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
School Events

PurposeAlcohol use by adults at school events and alcohol promotion through school fundraising activities is common, but little is known about secondary school parents' attitudes towards these practices. Parental attitudes may influence principals' decision-making on this topic, particularly in jurisdictions where education department guidance is limited. This study explored parents' attitudes towards the consumption or promotion of alcohol in schools or at school events.Design/methodology/approachParents (n = 298) from five non-government secondary schools in Western Australia completed an online survey and provided responses relating to the promotion and availability of alcohol through their child's school.FindingsThis sample of parents were evenly divided in support of alcohol consumption or support of schools as alcohol-free zones. Parents reporting higher alcohol consumption were more supportive of alcohol promotion and use through schools, and those with higher education supported use of alcohol for school fundraising. Almost 20% of parents were neutral on several measures indicating they could be swayed by social pressure. Engaging parents is an ongoing challenge for school principals and alcohol may play a part in engagement activities. The results from this small, exploratory study suggest even engaged parents may have very differing views on alcohol use in schools.Practical implicationsEducation departments are encouraged to explore these issues carefully and introduce changes incrementally to assist decision-making and minimise potential parent disengagement.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a knowledge gap about parents' attitudes towards alcohol in secondary schools. These findings can support those involved in the development of school alcohol policies.

scholarly journals Associations Between Alcohol Policies and Adolescent Alcohol Use: A Pooled Analysis of GSHS and ESPAD Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K Noel
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Drinking Status

Abstract Aims Alcohol-attributable harm remains high worldwide, and alcohol use among adolescents is particularly concerning. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of national alcohol control policies on adolescent alcohol use in low-, middle- and high-income countries and improve on previous cross-national attempts to estimate the impact of alcohol policy on this population. Methods Data on adolescent (n = 277,110) alcohol consumption from 84 countries were pooled from the Global School-based Health Survey and the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Alcohol use measures included lifetime alcohol use, current (past 30 days) alcohol use and current (past 30 days) binge drinking. Information on national alcohol control policies was obtained from the World Health Organization’s Global Information System on Alcohol and Health and scored for effectiveness. Main effects were estimated using two-level, random intercept hierarchical linear models, and the models were adjusted for sex and age of the participants, and pattern of drinking score, gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity and study at the country level. Results Availability (OR [95% CI] = 0.991 [0.983, 0.999]), marketing (OR [95% CI] = 0.994 [0.988, 1.000]) and pricing (OR [95% CI] = 0.955 [0.918, 0.993]) policies were inversely associated with lifetime drinking status. Pricing policies were also inversely associated with current binge drinking status among current drinkers (OR [95% CI] = 0.939 [0.894, 0.986]). There were no associations between the included alcohol policies and current drinking status. Conclusions Strong availability, marketing and pricing policies can significantly and practically impact adolescent alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Evidence of association between early alcohol use and risk of later problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Leite Vieira ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between age of onset, alcohol consumption patterns and related problems. METHOD: In 2004, one self-administered questionnaire was completed by 1,990 students from the 5th to 11th grades of schools in Paulínia-SP. Data collection was conducted at the classroom without the presence of the teacher. The participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. RESULTS: Prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 62.2%. The mean age of first use of alcohol was 12.35 (sd = 2.72) and ranged between 5 and 19 years of age. In 78% of the cases, the first use occurred before the age of 15, and more than 22% of the students reported having tried alcohol before 10 years of age. There were significant differences regarding current pattern of use: those who started earlier consumed more drinks per occasion (p = 0.013) and had more drunkenness episodes in the last 30 days (p = 0.05). A relationship between the age of first alcohol use and the use of tobacco (p = 0.017) and other drugs (p = 0.047) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents first use alcohol in early ages, what impacts the current consumption patterns. This study emphasizes the need of actions regarding public alcohol policies in Brazil in order to prevent or delay the initiation of alcohol use and its related problems.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, Hot Spots and Socio-Demographic Risk Factors of Alcohol Consumption in Indian Men and Women: Analysis of National Family Health Survey-4, A Nationally Representative Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Paulson ◽  
Balasubramani Karuppusamy ◽  
Savitha Chellappan ◽  
Sujit Kumar Behera ◽  
Praveen Balabaskaran Nina
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
National Family ◽  
Indian Men

Abstract BackgroundAlcohol consumption is a serious health crisis in India that needs urgent attention. An estimated 160 million Indians consume alcohol. Despite the widespread alcohol use across India, there is no information on the alcohol hot spots. Along with hot spots, understanding the Socio-Demographic Indices (SDI) affecting alcohol consumption in Indian men and women will help guide public health policies on alcohol use. MethodsData from National Family Health Survey-4 carried out from 2015-2016 with a sample size of 103 411 men and 699 686 women were used for the analysis. Epidemiology of alcohol use was mapped by Geographic Information System, and hot spots were identified by spatial statistics (Getis-OrdGi*). Bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression were used to analyse SDI. ResultsIndia has three major alcohol hot spots: (1) North East (NE) states, (2) Eastern Peninsular states formed by Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand and Telangana, and (3) Southern states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Among these hot spots, the districts of Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Assam fall under high risk category. Hot spot analysis strongly correlated with region-wise analysis of SDI. South (Men aOR - 1.0, 95% CI: 39.1 - 42.1) and NE India (Men aOR - 0.6, 95% CI: 38.4 - 42.6; Women aOR - 2.05, 95% CI: 6.4 - 7.5) have higher odds of alcohol use. Schedule tribe men (aOR-1.67, 95% CI: 1.53-1.82) and women (aOR-5.99, 95% CI: 4.71-7.63) have higher odds of alcohol consumption. Compared to other religions, Muslim men (aOR: 0.11) and women (aOR: 0.06) consume less alcoholConclusionsHot spots and, high risk districts of alcohol consumption identified in this study can guide public health policies for targeted intervention. Except for religion and social category, other socio-economic factors have a low to moderate effect on alcohol consumption. India does not have concrete anti-alcohol policies at the national level. Alcohol use is at the discretion of individual states and union territories, and appears to be the major determinant of alcohol use in India. Stringent anti-alcohol policies strictly enforced across India is the key to control alcohol use.

Cheers together, but not alone: Peer drinking moderates alcohol consumption following interpersonal stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752199604
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Hamilton ◽  
Stephen Armeli ◽  
Howard Tennen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Interpersonal Stressors ◽  
Peer Drinking

In view of the importance of the need to belong in motivating behavior, we examined whether interpersonal and academic stress differentially influence social and solitary alcohol consumption and whether social and solitary alcohol consumption differentially predict next-day interpersonal and academic stress. Based on research suggesting that drinking with friends is related to increased alcohol consumption following belongingness threat, we also examined whether peer consumption moderates associations between daily interpersonal stress and social drinking. Each day for 30 days, 1641 undergraduates reported stress, alcohol consumption, and peer consumption. Academic stress was related to lower levels of social and solitary alcohol consumption. Interpersonal stress was associated with greater social alcohol consumption, but only when students reported being around others who were drinking greater than average peer quantities. However, although social drinking was related to lower next-day academic stress, it was unrelated to next-day interpersonal stress. Findings are consistent with the notion that individuals’ perceptions of peers’ alcohol use might serve as a signal to join in this behavior to reduce belongingness threats associated with interpersonal stressors, although this may not be an effective strategy.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder among Patients Suffered from Road Collisions in a Vietnamese Delta Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Minh Vu ◽  
Tung Thanh Tran ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
Chau Minh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
The Relationship

Traffic collisions have continuously been ranked amongst the top causes of deaths in Vietnam. In particular, drinking has been recognized as a major factor amplifying the likelihood of traffic collisions in various settings. This study aims to examine the relationship between alcohol use and traffic collisions in the current context of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 traffic collisions patients in six health facilities in the Thai Binh Province to investigate the level of alcohol consumption and identify factors influencing alcohol use among these patients. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scale was used to determine the problematic drinking behavior of the participants. The percentage of patients having problematic drinking was more than 30%. Being male, having a high household income, and working as farmer/worker were risk factors for alcohol abuse. People causing accidents and patients with a traumatic brain injury had a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol before the accidents. This study highlights the necessity of more stringent laws on reducing drink-driving in Vietnam. In addition, more interventions, especially those utilizing mass media like educational campaign of good behavior on social networks, are necessary to reduce alcohol consumption in targeted populations in order to decrease the prevalence and burden of road injuries.

Nalmefene against alcohol use disorder: A report of one case

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s866-s866
Author(s):  
M. Juncal Ruiz ◽  
O. Porta Olivares ◽  
L. Sánchez Blanco ◽  
R. Landera Rodríguez ◽  
M. Gómez Revuelta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

IntroductionAlcohol consumption represents a significant factor for mortality in the world: 6.3% in men and 1.1% in women. Alcohol use disorder is also very common: 5.4% in men and 1.5% in women. Despite its high frequency and the seriousness of this disorder, only 8% of all alcohol-dependents are ever treated. One potentially interesting treatment option is oriented toward reducing alcohol intake.AimsTo describe one case who has improved his alcohol consumption after starting treatment with nalmefene, an opioid receptor antagonist related to naltrexone.MethodsA 35-year-old male with alcohol use disorder since 2001 came to our consult in November 2015. He was in trouble with his family and he had a liver failure. We offer a new treatment option with nalmefene 18 mg to reduce alcohol consumption.ResultsBefore to start nalmefene he drank 21 drinks/week. Six-month later, he decreased alcohol intake until 5 drinks/week with better family relationship and liver function. After starting nalmefene he complained of nausea, so we recommend to take the middle of the pill for next 7 days. After this time he returned to take one pill with good tolerance and no more side effects or withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionsNalmefene appears to be effective and safe in reducing heavy drinking and in preventing alcohol withdrawal syndrome due to its opioid receptor antagonism. This case suggests nalmefene is a potential option to help patients, who do not want or cannot get the abstinence, in reducing their alcohol consumption.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Towards the characterization and validation of alcohol use disorder subtypes: integrating consumption and symptom data

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Jackson ◽  
K. K. Bucholz ◽  
P. K. Wood ◽  
D. Steinley ◽  
J. D. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Alcohol Involvement ◽  
Best Fitting

BackgroundThere is evidence that measures of alcohol consumption, dependence and abuse are valid indicators of qualitatively different subtypes of alcohol involvement yet also fall along a continuum. The present study attempts to resolve the extent to which variations in alcohol involvement reflect a difference in kindversusa difference in degree.MethodData were taken from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. The sample (51% male; 72% white/non-Hispanic) included respondents reporting past 12-month drinking at both waves (wave 1:n = 33644; wave 2:n = 25186). We compared factor mixture models (FMMs), a hybrid of common factor analysis (FA) and latent class analysis (LCA), against FA and LCA models using past 12-month alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria and five indicators of alcohol consumption reflecting frequency and heaviness of drinking.ResultsModel comparison revealed that the best-fitting model at wave 1 was a one-factor four-class FMM, with classes primarily varying across dependence and consumption indices. The model was replicated using wave 2 data, and validated against AUD and dependence diagnoses. Class stability from waves 1 to 2 was moderate, with greatest agreement for the infrequent drinking class. Within-class associations in the underlying latent factor also revealed modest agreement over time.ConclusionsThere is evidence that alcohol involvement can be considered both categorical and continuous, with responses reduced to four patterns that quantitatively vary along a single dimension. Nosologists may consider hybrid approaches involving groups that vary in pattern of consumption and dependence symptomatology as well as variation of severity within group.

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