scholarly journals 3D bioprinting technology for regenerative medicine applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi ◽  
Sakandar Rauf ◽  
Charlotte Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Organ Printing ◽  
Tissue Models

Alternative strategies that overcome existing organ transplantation methods are of increasing importance be-cause of ongoing demands and lack of adequate organ donors. Recent improvements in tissue engineering techniques offer improved solutions to this problem and will influence engineering and medicinal applications. Tissue engineering employs the synergy of cells, growth factors and scaffolds besides others with the aim to mimic the native extracellular matrix for tissue regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been explored to create organs for transplanta-tion, medical implants, prosthetics, in vitro models and 3D tissue models for drug testing. In addition, it is emerging as a powerful technology to provide patients with severe disease conditions with personalized treatments. Challenges in tis-sue engineering include the development of 3D scaffolds that closely resemble native tissues. In this review, existing printing methods such as extrusion-based, robotic dispensing, cellular inkjet, laser-assisted printing and integrated tissue organ printing (ITOP) are examined. Also, natural and synthetic polymers and their blends as well as peptides that are exploited as bioinks are discussed with emphasis on regenerative medicine applications. Furthermore, applications of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine, evolving strategies and future perspectives are summarized.

scholarly journals 3D Bioprinting of Vascularized Tissues for in vitro and in vivo Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earnest P. Chen ◽  
Zeren Toksoy ◽  
Bruce A. Davis ◽  
John P. Geibel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
3D Printed

With a limited supply of organ donors and available organs for transplantation, the aim of tissue engineering with three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology is to construct fully functional and viable tissue and organ replacements for various clinical applications. 3D bioprinting allows for the customization of complex tissue architecture with numerous combinations of materials and printing methods to build different tissue types, and eventually fully functional replacement organs. The main challenge of maintaining 3D printed tissue viability is the inclusion of complex vascular networks for nutrient transport and waste disposal. Rapid development and discoveries in recent years have taken huge strides toward perfecting the incorporation of vascular networks in 3D printed tissue and organs. In this review, we will discuss the latest advancements in fabricating vascularized tissue and organs including novel strategies and materials, and their applications. Our discussion will begin with the exploration of printing vasculature, progress through the current statuses of bioprinting tissue/organoids from bone to muscles to organs, and conclude with relevant applications for in vitro models and drug testing. We will also explore and discuss the current limitations of vascularized tissue engineering and some of the promising future directions this technology may bring.

scholarly journals Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shicheng Ye ◽  
Jochem W.B. Boeter ◽  
Louis C. Penning ◽  
Bart Spee ◽  
Kerstin Schneeberger
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Liver Tissue Engineering ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
End Stage

Bioengineered livers are promising in vitro models for drug testing, toxicological studies, and as disease models, and might in the future be an alternative for donor organs to treat end-stage liver diseases. Liver tissue engineering (LTE) aims to construct liver models that are physiologically relevant. To make bioengineered livers, the two most important ingredients are hepatic cells and supportive materials such as hydrogels. In the past decades, dozens of hydrogels have been developed to act as supportive materials, and some have been used for in vitro models and formed functional liver constructs. However, currently none of the used hydrogels are suitable for in vivo transplantation. Here, the histology of the human liver and its relationship with LTE is introduced. After that, significant characteristics of hydrogels are described focusing on LTE. Then, both natural and synthetic materials utilized in hydrogels for LTE are reviewed individually. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on a comparison of the different hydrogels and their characteristics and ideal hydrogels are proposed to promote LTE.

Nanomaterials for bioprinting: functionalization of tissue-specific bioinks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea S. Theus ◽  
Liqun Ning ◽  
Linqi Jin ◽  
Ryan K. Roeder ◽  
Jianyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Printing Processes

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is rapidly evolving, offering great potential for manufacturing functional tissue analogs for use in diverse biomedical applications, including regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and disease modeling. Biomaterials used as bioinks in printing processes must meet strict physiochemical and biomechanical requirements to ensure adequate printing fidelity, while closely mimicking the characteristics of the native tissue. To achieve this goal, nanomaterials are increasingly being investigated as a robust tool to functionalize bioink materials. In this review, we discuss the growing role of different nano-biomaterials in engineering functional bioinks for a variety of tissue engineering applications. The development and commercialization of these nanomaterial solutions for 3D bioprinting would be a significant step towards clinical translation of biofabrication.

scholarly journals 3D Bioprinting of Human Tissues: Biofabrication, Bioinks and Bioreactors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3971
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Esther Wehrle ◽  
Marina Rubert ◽  
Ralph Müller
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
3D Bioprinting

The field of tissue engineering has progressed tremendously over the past few decades in its ability to fabricate functional tissue substitutes for regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical research. Conventional scaffold-based approaches are limited in their capacity to produce constructs with the functionality and complexity of native tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers exciting prospects for scaffolds fabrication, as it allows precise placement of cells, biochemical factors, and biomaterials in a layer-by-layer process. Compared with traditional scaffold fabrication approaches, 3D bioprinting is better to mimic the complex microstructures of biological tissues and accurately control the distribution of cells. Here, we describe recent technological advances in bio-fabrication focusing on 3D bioprinting processes for tissue engineering from data processing to bioprinting, mainly inkjet, laser, and extrusion-based technique. We then review the associated bioink formulation for 3D bioprinting of human tissues, including biomaterials, cells, and growth factors selection. The key bioink properties for successful bioprinting of human tissue were summarized. After bioprinting, the cells are generally devoid of any exposure to fluid mechanical cues, such as fluid shear stress, tension, and compression, which are crucial for tissue development and function in health and disease. The bioreactor can serve as a simulator to aid in the development of engineering human tissues from in vitro maturation of 3D cell-laden scaffolds. We then describe some of the most common bioreactors found in the engineering of several functional tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and cardiovascular applications. In the end, we conclude with a brief insight into present limitations and future developments on the application of 3D bioprinting and bioreactor systems for engineering human tissue.

scholarly journals Current Advances in 3D Tissue and Organ Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Georgia Pennarossa ◽  
Sharon Arcuri ◽  
Teresina De Iorio ◽  
Fulvio Gandolfi ◽  
Tiziana A. L. Brevini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Culture Systems

Bi-dimensional culture systems have represented the most used method to study cell biology outside the body for over a century. Although they convey useful information, such systems may lose tissue-specific architecture, biomechanical effectors, and biochemical cues deriving from the native extracellular matrix, with significant alterations in several cellular functions and processes. Notably, the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) platforms that are able to re-create in vitro the structures of the native tissue, have overcome some of these issues, since they better mimic the in vivo milieu and reduce the gap between the cell culture ambient and the tissue environment. 3D culture systems are currently used in a broad range of studies, from cancer and stem cell biology, to drug testing and discovery. Here, we describe the mechanisms used by cells to perceive and respond to biomechanical cues and the main signaling pathways involved. We provide an overall perspective of the most recent 3D technologies. Given the breadth of the subject, we concentrate on the use of hydrogels, bioreactors, 3D printing and bioprinting, nanofiber-based scaffolds, and preparation of a decellularized bio-matrix. In addition, we report the possibility to combine the use of 3D cultures with functionalized nanoparticles to obtain highly predictive in vitro models for use in the nanomedicine field.

scholarly journals Patient-Derived Organoids as a Model for Cancer Drug Discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3483
Author(s):  
Colin Rae ◽  
Francesco Amato ◽  
Chiara Braconi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Personalized Therapy ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Patient Response

In the search for the ideal model of tumours, the use of three-dimensional in vitro models is advancing rapidly. These are intended to mimic the in vivo properties of the tumours which affect cancer development, progression and drug sensitivity, and take into account cell–cell interactions, adhesion and invasiveness. Importantly, it is hoped that successful recapitulation of the structure and function of the tissue will predict patient response, permitting the development of personalized therapy in a timely manner applicable to the clinic. Furthermore, the use of co-culture systems will allow the role of the tumour microenvironment and tissue–tissue interactions to be taken into account and should lead to more accurate predictions of tumour development and responses to drugs. In this review, the relative merits and limitations of patient-derived organoids will be discussed compared to other in vitro and ex vivo cancer models. We will focus on their use as models for drug testing and personalized therapy and how these may be improved. Developments in technology will also be considered, including the use of microfluidics, 3D bioprinting, cryopreservation and circulating tumour cell-derived organoids. These have the potential to enhance the consistency, accessibility and availability of these models.

scholarly journals Hollow Fiber and Nanofiber Membranes in Bioartificial Liver and Neuronal Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Sabrina Morelli ◽  
Antonella Piscioneri ◽  
Simona Salerno ◽  
Loredana De Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Bioartificial Liver ◽  
Neuronal Tissue ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Control

To date, the creation of biomimetic devices for the regeneration and repair of injured or diseased tissues and organs remains a crucial challenge in tissue engineering. Membrane technology offers advanced approaches to realize multifunctional tools with permissive environments well-controlled at molecular level for the development of functional tissues and organs. Membranes in fiber configuration with precisely controlled, tunable topography, and physical, biochemical, and mechanical cues, can direct and control the function of different kinds of cells toward the recovery from disorders and injuries. At the same time, fiber tools also provide the potential to model diseases in vitro for investigating specific biological phenomena as well as for drug testing. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the literature concerning the development of hollow fibers and electrospun fiber membranes used in bioartificial organs, tissue engineered constructs, and in vitro bioreactors. With the aim to highlight the main biomedical applications of fiber-based systems, the first part reviews the fibers for bioartificial liver and liver tissue engineering with special attention to their multifunctional role in the long-term maintenance of specific liver functions and in driving hepatocyte differentiation. The second part reports the fiber-based systems used for neuronal tissue applications including advanced approaches for the creation of novel nerve conduits and in vitro models of brain tissue. Besides presenting recent advances and achievements, this work also delineates existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.

scholarly journals Applications of 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4966
Author(s):  
Gia Saini ◽  
Nicole Segaran ◽  
Joseph L. Mayer ◽  
Aman Saini ◽  
Hassan Albadawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Specialized Tissue ◽  
Tissue Models ◽  
Functional Components

Regenerative medicine is an emerging field that centers on the restoration and regeneration of functional components of damaged tissue. Tissue engineering is an application of regenerative medicine and seeks to create functional tissue components and whole organs. Using 3D printing technologies, native tissue mimics can be created utilizing biomaterials and living cells. Recently, regenerative medicine has begun to employ 3D bioprinting methods to create highly specialized tissue models to improve upon conventional tissue engineering methods. Here, we review the use of 3D bioprinting in the advancement of tissue engineering by describing the process of 3D bioprinting and its advantages over other tissue engineering methods. Materials and techniques in bioprinting are also reviewed, in addition to future clinical applications, challenges, and future directions of the field.

scholarly journals Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Innovation and Transformation of Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dzobo ◽  
Nicholas Ekow Thomford ◽  
Dimakatso Alice Senthebane ◽  
Hendrina Shipanga ◽  
Arielle Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Made In

Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele amphibians commonly referred to as salamanders. Globally, millions of people would benefit immensely if tissues and organs can be replaced on demand. Traditionally, transplantation of intact tissues and organs has been the bedrock to replace damaged and diseased parts of the body. The sole reliance on transplantation has created a waiting list of people requiring donated tissues and organs, and generally, supply cannot meet the demand. The total cost to society in terms of caring for patients with failing organs and debilitating diseases is enormous. Scientists and clinicians, motivated by the need to develop safe and reliable sources of tissues and organs, have been improving therapies and technologies that can regenerate tissues and in some cases create new tissues altogether. Tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine are fields of life science employing both engineering and biological principles to create new tissues and organs and to promote the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Major advances and innovations are being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and have a huge impact on three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting) of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting holds great promise for artificial tissue and organ bioprinting, thereby revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine. This review discusses how recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can improve 3D bioprinting and vice versa. Several challenges must be overcome in the application of 3D bioprinting before this disruptive technology is widely used to create organotypic constructs for regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals The future of skin toxicology testing – 3D bioprinting meets microfluidics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Long Ng ◽  
Wai Yee Yeong
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Tissue Models ◽  
Microfluidics Platform ◽  
The Ideal

Over the years, the field of toxicology testing has evolved tremendously from the use of animal models to the adaptation of in vitro testing models. In this perspective article, we aim to bridge the gap between the regulatory authorities who performed the testing and approval of new chemicals and the scientists who designed and fabricated these in vitro testing models. An in-depth discussion of existing toxicology testing guidelines for skin tissue models (definition, testing models, principle, and limitations) is first presented to have a good understanding of the stringent requirements that are necessary during the testing process. Next, the ideal requirements of toxicology testing platform (in terms of fabrication, testing, and screening process) are discussed. We envisioned that the integration of three-dimensional bioprinting within miniaturized microfluidics platform would bring about a paradigm shift in the field of toxicology testing; providing standardization in the fabrication process, accurate and rapid deposition of test chemicals, real-time monitoring and high throughput screening for more efficient skin toxicology testing.

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