Living longer: For better or worse? Changes in life expectancy with and without mobility limitation among older persons in India between 1995-1996 and 2004

This study estimates changes in life expectancy with and without mobility limitation to test whether older persons in India experienced compression or expansion of morbidity from the period 1995–1996 to 2004. Age-specific death rates and the prevalence of mobility limitation were obtained from the Sample Registration System and two rounds (1995–1996/2004) of the National Sample Survey. Sullivan’s method was employed to compute life expectancy with and without mobility limitation by gender and by place of residence. From 1995–1996 to 2004, at ages 60, 70, and 80, older men and older rural persons in India experienced a significant increase in life expectancy without mobility limitation and a significant reduction in the proportion of remaining life with mobility limitation, suggesting a compression of morbidity. However, over this same period, older women and older urban persons seem to have experienced an expansion of morbidity with an increase in life expectancy with mobility limitation and an increase in the proportion of remaining life with mobility limitation. These results call for the promotion and maintenance of physical mobility among all older persons in India, with special attention to older women and older urban persons.

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Neighborhood Disadvantage and Active, Disabled and Total Life Expectancy Among Community-living Older Persons

10.1101/2021.02.05.21251217 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas M. Gill ◽

Emma X. Zang ◽

Terrence E. Murphy ◽

Linda Leo-Summers ◽

Evelyne A. Gahbauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factors ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Older Persons ◽

Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽

Community Living ◽

Remaining Life ◽

Disadvantaged Group ◽

Individual Level ◽

Total Life Expectancy ◽

Total Life

AbstractBackgroundNeighborhood disadvantage is a novel social determinant of health that could adversely affect the functional well-being and longevity of older persons. We evaluated whether estimates of active, disabled and total life expectancy differ on the basis of neighborhood disadvantage after accounting for individual-level socioeconomic characteristics and other prognostic factors.MethodsWe used data on 754 community-living older persons from South Central Connecticut, who completed monthly assessments of disability from 1998 to 2020. Scores on the area deprivation index were dichotomized at the 80th state percentile to distinguish neighborhoods that were disadvantaged (81-100) from those that were not (1-80).ResultsWithin 5-year age increments from 70 to 90, active and total life expectancy were consistently lower in participants from neighborhoods that were disadvantaged versus not disadvantaged, and these differences persisted and remained statistically significant after adjustment for individual-level race/ethnicity, education, income, and other prognostic factors. At age 70, adjusted estimates (95% CI) for active and total life expectancy (in years) were 12.3 (11.5-13.1) and 15.0 (13.8-16.1) in the disadvantaged group and 14.2 (13.5-14.7) and 16.7 (15.9-17.5) in the non-disadvantaged group. At each age, participants from disadvantaged neighborhoods spent a greater percentage of their projected remaining life disabled, relative to those from non-disadvantaged neighborhoods, with adjusted values (SE) ranging from 17.7 (0.8) vs. 15.3 (0.5) at age 70 to 55.0 (1.7) vs. 48.1 (1.3) at age 90.ConclusionsLiving in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with lower active and total life expectancy and a greater percentage of projected remaining life disabled.

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CHANGING AGE PATTERNS OF MORBIDITY VIS-À-VIS MORTALITY IN INDIA

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s002193201300062x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 462-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PERIANAYAGAM AROKIASAMY ◽

SURYAKANT YADAV

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Epidemiological Transition ◽

Registration System ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Total Life Expectancy ◽

Age Patterns ◽

Expansion Of Morbidity

SummaryThe combined effects of decreased fertility and mortality coupled with increasing survivorship across most ages have been upsetting the levels and age patterns of morbidity and mortality in India. This study examined data from the National Sample Survey (NSS) and Sample Registration System (SRS) of India. The results reveal marked structural changes in the age patterns of morbidity and mortality. The analysis also tested whether morbidity contours are being compressed or expanded, connecting it with the ongoing processes of demographic and epidemiological transition. The Sullivan (1971) method was used to estimate the health ratio over three time periods to ascertain the expansion of morbidity. The results reveal an exceptional rise in the prevalence rate of chronic non-communicable diseases in ages 60 and above. The proportion of unhealthy years of the total life expectancy has increased more than before for all older age groups. Overall, the results confirm that an expansion of morbidity is in progress, with a heavier and cumulated concentration of morbidity in older ages. The expansion of morbidity hypothesis is validated for major categories of population: rural, urban, male and female. Older females bear a much heavier burden of chronic non-communicable diseases and are vulnerable to a higher proportion of unhealthy years. The age-structural shifts in morbidity and mortality signal the steady progress of epidemiological transition in India.

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Trends in healthy life expectancy among older Brazilian women between 1998 and 2008

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005472 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marília Regina Nepomuceno ◽

Cássio Maldonado Turra

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Older Women ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Healthy Life Expectancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Current Health ◽

Current Health Status ◽

Life Years

OBJECTIVE To analyze conditional and unconditional healthy life expectancy among older Brazilian women.METHODS This cross-sectional study used the intercensal technique to estimate, in the absence of longitudinal data, healthy life expectancy that is conditional and unconditional on the individual’s current health status. The data used were obtained from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (National Household Sample Survey) of 1998, 2003, and 2008. This sample comprised 11,171; 13,694; and 16,259 women aged 65 years or more, respectively. Complete mortality tables from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for the years 2001 and 2006 were also used. The definition of health status was based on the difficulty in performing activities of daily living.RESULTS The remaining lifetime was strongly dependent on the current health status of the older women. Between 1998 and 2003, the amount of time lived with disability for healthy women at age 65 was 9.8%. This percentage increased to 66.2% when the women already presented some disability at age 65. Temporal analysis showed that the active life expectancy of the women at age 65 increased between 1998-2003 (19.3 years) and 2003-2008 (19.4 years). However, life years gained have been mainly focused on the unhealthy state.CONCLUSIONS Analysis of conditional and unconditional life expectancy indicated that live years gained are a result of the decline of mortality in unhealthy states. This pattern suggests that there has been no reduction in morbidity among older women in Brazil between 1998 and 2008.

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A new model for estimating district life expectancy at birth in India, with special reference to Assam state

Canadian Studies in Population ◽

10.25336/p6ms5d ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (1-2) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Rajan Sarma ◽

Labananda Choudhury

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

South Asian ◽

Census Data ◽

Life Tables ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Registration System ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth ◽

Sample Registration System ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

Life expectancy at birth (e0) is considered as an important indicator of the mortality level of a population. In India, direct estimation of e0 is not possible due to incomplete death registration. The Sample Registration System (SRS) of India provides information on e0 only for the 16 major states. Estimates of e0 for the districts are not available. Using data from the Coale-Demeny West model life tables, United Nations South Asian model life tables, and SRS life tables of India and its major states, the paper shows that the relationship between life expectancy at age one (e0) and the probability of surviving to age one (l1) is linear, and the relationship between e0 and l1 is quadratic. From the quadratic relationship between e0 and l1, an attempt is made to estimate e0 for some selected districts of India for 2001 and 2010, using estimated l1 from 2001 census data and Annual Health Survey (2010–11) data.

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RE-AUTHORING THE LOSSES AND CHALLENGES OF AGING: OLDER INDIVIDUALS’ EXPERIENCES OF LONGTERM GROUP WORK

SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ◽

10.25159/2415-5829/775 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 3-19

Author(s):

Cecile Frankel ◽

Brenda Solarsh ◽

Eleanor Ross

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Group Work ◽

Narrative Therapy ◽

Older Persons ◽

Senior Citizens ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Life Transitions ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Documentary Analysis ◽

Social Group Work

The increase in life expectancy has highlighted the value of group work interventions as a cost-effective way of helping older persons to deal with life transitions. This article describes a group for senior citizens that continued for 18 years. The aim of the study was to undertake a documentary analysis of the facilitator’s process notes and participans’ reflections to ascertain possible reasons for the group’s longevity. These were attributed to the skill of the facilitator and her creative use of programme material and narrative therapy. Recurring themes included loneliness, the fear of dying, and dilemmas about relinquishing control and independence. Findings have implications for the practice of social group work with older persons.

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INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT MIGRATION IN RURAL INDIA

Climate Change Economics ◽

10.1142/s2010007813500073 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 1350007 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. S. KAVI KUMAR ◽

BRINDA VISWANATHAN

Keyword(s):

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Temporary Migration ◽

Urban Migrants ◽

Wide Range ◽

Permanent Migration ◽

Sample Survey Data ◽

Almost All ◽

Temporary Migrants

While a wide range of factors influence rural–rural and rural–urban migration in developing countries, there is significant interest in analyzing the role of agricultural distress and growing inter-regional differences in fueling such movement. This strand of research acquires importance in the context of climate change adaptation. In the Indian context, this analysis gets further complicated due to the significant presence of temporary migration. This paper analyzes how weather and its variability affects both temporary and permanent migration in India using National Sample Survey data for the year 2007–2008. The paper finds that almost all of the rural–urban migrants are permanent. Only temperature plays a role in permanent migration. In contrast, many temporary migrants are rural–rural and both temperature and rainfall explain temporary migration.

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The Cost of Being ‘Backward’ in India: Socio-religious Discrimination in the Labour Market

Indian Journal of Human Development ◽

10.1177/09737030211029634 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097370302110296

Author(s):

Soumyajit Chakraborty ◽

Alok K. Bohara

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Economic Cost ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Religious Discrimination ◽

Capital Endowment ◽

Scheduled Castes ◽

Sample Survey Data ◽

The Cost ◽

Human Capital Endowment

Being from backward castes, classes and Muslims in India has an economic cost associated with the nature of institutional discrimination. Using the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, this study identifies that caste and religion still rule the modern Indian labour market. We find that discrimination is evident in the socio-religious earnings gaps. While the parametric decompositions suggest that most of these gaps are due to differential human capital endowment, the nonparametric method almost evenly attributes inequality to discrimination and endowment. The results presented in this study suggest that discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Muslims and Other Backward Classes should be included in policy designs to promote equity in the Indian labour market.

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Measurement of Inequality and Compression of Mortality in India for 4 Decades: 1970–2015

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 68-68

Author(s):

Mukesh Parmar

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Gini Coefficient ◽

Age At Death ◽

Registration System ◽

Death Rates ◽

Male And Female ◽

Inequality Measures ◽

Sample Registration System ◽

Dispersion Measures ◽

Measurement Of Inequality

Abstract The studies relating to measurement of compression of Mortality in India is scarce. Most of the studies relating to mortality in India are focused on either life expectancy, or adult, and child mortality. We have used methods suggested by Kannisto (2000) and Canudos (2008) to measure the compression of mortality phenomenon for India for four decades viz. 1970-2015. Dispersion measures like simple mean, median, modal age at death; and some complicated measures like life disparity, standard deviation above mode, standard deviation in highest quartile, Interquartile range, Gini coefficient, AID and C-family were calculated for India from 1970-2015. We used the age specific death rates from abridged Life tables given by Sample Registration System published by Govt. of India. Our results show that inequality in mortality is decreasing in general but the gap between male and female is increasing. There was an average of three years difference in mean and modal age at death between male females in 2011-15. Overall, mean, median and modal age at death has increased in four decades but other inequality measures like Gini coefficient, AID, Standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation has decreased in four decades in India. C50 indicator, which indicates that 50 percent of deaths are happening in that age interval, declined from 26 years to 20 years for males and 27 years to 17 years for females, thus indicating the rate of compression of mortality is higher for females than males in India during 1970-75 till 2011-15.

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