scholarly journals Measurement of Inequality and Compression of Mortality in India for 4 Decades: 1970–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Mukesh Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
Dispersion Measures ◽  
Measurement Of Inequality

Abstract The studies relating to measurement of compression of Mortality in India is scarce. Most of the studies relating to mortality in India are focused on either life expectancy, or adult, and child mortality. We have used methods suggested by Kannisto (2000) and Canudos (2008) to measure the compression of mortality phenomenon for India for four decades viz. 1970-2015. Dispersion measures like simple mean, median, modal age at death; and some complicated measures like life disparity, standard deviation above mode, standard deviation in highest quartile, Interquartile range, Gini coefficient, AID and C-family were calculated for India from 1970-2015. We used the age specific death rates from abridged Life tables given by Sample Registration System published by Govt. of India. Our results show that inequality in mortality is decreasing in general but the gap between male and female is increasing. There was an average of three years difference in mean and modal age at death between male females in 2011-15. Overall, mean, median and modal age at death has increased in four decades but other inequality measures like Gini coefficient, AID, Standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation has decreased in four decades in India. C50 indicator, which indicates that 50 percent of deaths are happening in that age interval, declined from 26 years to 20 years for males and 27 years to 17 years for females, thus indicating the rate of compression of mortality is higher for females than males in India during 1970-75 till 2011-15.

scholarly journals Pomiar dyspersji wieku w momencie zgonu. Przyczynek do analizy kompresji umieralności w Polsce

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Dispersion Measures ◽  
Mortality Compression ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Over Time

The article presents the life-table dispersion measures and analysis results for Poland with special regard to the process of mortality compression. The following measures were analysed: Gini coefficient, average inter-individual difference in age at death, modal age at death, inter-quartile range, standard deviation above the modal age at death, person-years lost (e-dagger) and index of mortality entropy. The empirical analysis employed data for the years 1958–2014 derived from the Human Mortality Database (HMD). The observed tendency towards reduction in the dispersion of age at death was not uniform during the 50 year span analysed and actually stagnated in certain periods. In particular, the results for the male population do not indicate a definite trend towards reduction in mortality dispersion. The results for the female population demonstrate a reduction in age dispersion at death among women over time with regard to all measures, with the modal age at death advancing towards progressively older age groups. The dispersion measures utilised in this study and the results can be used in further research on mortality compression in Poland.

scholarly journals Stochastic Analysis of Infant Deaths by Age and Estimation of Parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Brijesh P. Singh ◽  
Shweta Dixit ◽  
Tapan Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Digit Preference ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
Vital Registration System

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a sensitive and powerful index of development. Birth and death, registered through vital registration system in the developing countries suffer from age misreporting, omissions and under count. To overcome this defectiveness in data and to obtain reliable estimates of birth and death rates, India introduced Sample Registration System (SRS) in 1960 but still they suffer from considerable degree of errors. It is observed in retrospective surveys that events are misreported due to ignorance and digit preference of the respondents. Thus, the data on deaths collected, suffer from one defect or other as mentioned above. To resolve this problem attempts have been made to develop and fit suitable models to data on age distribution of deaths. In this paper an attempt has been made to develop a model with an idea of the majority of infant deaths occurs within the first month of their life. The model is used to give a functional shape to the phenomenon of infant deaths distribution and apply on real data taken from NFHS.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 1-5

scholarly journals Income Inequality in Pakistan: An Analysis of Existing Evidence

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Rank Distributions

To study the consequences of an economic change on income distribution we rank distributions of income at different points in time and quantify the degree of income inequalities. Changes in income distribution can be ascertained either through drawing the Lorenz curves or through estimating different inequality indices, such as Gini Coefficient, coefficient of variation, standard deviation of logs of in• comes, Theil's Index and Atkinson's Index. Ranking the distributions of income through Lorenz curves is, of course, possible only as long as they do not intersect. Moreover, when Lorenz curves do not intersect each other, all inequality measures rank income distributions uniformly. However, if the Lorenz curves do intersect each other. different inequality measures may rank income distributions differently and thus the direction of change cannot be determined unambiguously. For this reason , the use of a single measure would be misleading. Accordingly , the use of a 'package' of inequality measures becomes essential.

Sufficientarianism and the Measurement of Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-173
Author(s):  
Rudolf Schuessler
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Income Level ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Measurement Of Inequality

Abstract What impact should sufficientarianism have on the measurement of inequality? Like other theories of justice, sufficientarianism influences how economic inequality is conceived. For the purpose of measurement, its standards of justice can be approximated by income-based thresholds of sufficiency. At which income level could a threshold of having enough be pegged in OECD countries? What would it imply for standard indicators of inequality, such as decile comparisons of cumulated income, income spreads, or the Gini coefficient? This paper suggests some answers to these questions, showing that sufficientarian ideas could make a difference with respect to the measurement of inequality in a society.

scholarly journals Hope and Mental Well Being among Male and Female Cancer Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Cancer Patients ◽  
Herth Hope Index ◽  
Mental Well Being

Hope and Mental well being are important for an individual’s life and same goes for the cancer patients. The aim of the present study is to see the hope and mental well being among male and female cancer patients. The hypotheses of the study was to examine that there will be no difference between male and female cancer patient on hope and on mental well being. The sample of this study included 60 subjects (30 male and 30 female subjects) selected by purposive sampling from Aligarh district of U.P. In this study two inventories were used viz., Herth Hope Index and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental well-being scale. Investigator used mean, standard deviation and t-test, and in order to draw out the results. A quantitative approach was used by the researcher to conduct this study; data collection and data analysis were done using this approach.  The results of the study are that there exists no difference found between male and female cancer patients on hope, and there exist no difference between male and female cancer patients on mental well-being.

scholarly journals Dynamics of modal age at death in 1959−2014 in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
One Year

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the trends of the main indicators of life expectancy in Russia in the 1950s to 2000s. For this purpose, life tables for Russia (former — RSFSR) from 1959 to 2014 for one-year age intervals were analyzed. The main indicators under review are the modal age at death and the standard deviation of life expectancy from the modal value for all ages and the mode. As a result, it is concluded that in Russia the modal age at death and the indicator of life expectancy have stagnated over the past 60 years, and definite trends can be traced only in short periods of time, namely after 2009 when all basic life expectancy indicators were steadily increasing. Life expectancy is far behind those of the developed countries by about half a century.

Anything Lorenz Curves Can Do, Top Shares Can Do: Assessing the TopBot Family of Inequality Measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermina Jasso
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inequality Measure ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
And Shifts

Newly precise evidence of the trajectory of top incomes in the United States and around the world relies on shares and ratios, prompting new inquiry into their properties as inequality measures. Current evidence suggests a mathematical link between top shares and the Gini coefficient and empirical links extending as well to the Atkinson measure. The work reported in this article strengthens that evidence, making several contributions: First, it formalizes the shares and ratios, showing that as monotonic transformations of each other, they are different manifestations of a single inequality measure, here called TopBot. Second, it presents two standard forms of TopBot, which satisfy the principle of normalization. Third, it presents a new link between top shares and the Gini coefficient, showing that properties and results associated with the Lorenz curve pertain as well to top shares. Fourth, it investigates TopBot in mathematically specified probability distributions, showing that TopBot is monotonically related to classical measures such as the Gini, Atkinson, and Theil measures and the coefficient of variation. Thus, TopBot appears to be a genuine inequality measure. Moreover, TopBot is further distinguished by its ease of calculation and ease of interpretation, making it an appealing People’s measure of inequality. This work also provides new insights, for example, that, given nonlinearities in the (monotonic) relations among inequality measures, Spearman correlations are more appropriate than Pearson correlations and that weakening of correlations signals differences and shifts in distributional form, themselves signals of income dynamics.

دور واقع التعليم الإلكتروني في ظل جائحة كورونا على الرضا عنه لدى طلبة جامعة فلسطين التقنية – خضوري من وجهة نظرهم

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-386
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Technical University

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة دور واقع التعليم الإلكتروني في ظل جائحة كورونا على الرضا عنه لدى طلبة جامعة خضوري من وجهة نظرهم. واستخدِم المنهج الوصفي المسحي الميداني كمنهج للدراسة، تكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع طلبة جامعة فلسطين التقنية (خضوري) فرع رام الله ذكوراً وإناثاً للعام الدراسي 2020/2021 والبالغ عددهم (817) طالباً وطالبةً، وتكونت عينة الدراسة بنسبة (25%) من مجتمع الدراسة؛ إذ بلغت (204) طالباً وطالبةً من طلبة جامعة فلسطين التقنية (خضوري) فرع رام الله اختيرت بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة عدم رضا الطلبة لدى طلبة جامعة خضوري في فلسطين لدور واقع التعليم الالكتروني بشكل كبير خلال جائحة كورونا لاختفاء تأثير المنهاج الخفي غير المعلن، وقد كان المتوسط العام للدرجة الكلية للأداة بدرجة فاعلية “متوسطة” ونسبة استجابتها (66,3%) وبانحراف معياري (0.691) ومتوسط استجابة (3,316). أما عن الدرجة الكلية للمجال الأول فقد كانت بدرجة أثر “متوسطة” بنسبة استجابة (63,7%)، وبانحراف معياري (0.774)، ومتوسط استجابة (3.184)، أما عن الدرجة الكلية للمجال الثاني فقد كانت بدرجة أثر “متوسطة” بنسبة استجابة (68.3%)، وبانحراف معياري (0.698)، ومتوسط استجابة (3.413). كما أظهرت عدم وجود فروق في استجابات عينة الدارسة تعزى لمتغيري: الجنس، المستوى التعليمي، في حين ظهرت فروق دالة إحصائياً في استجابات عينة الدارسة تعزى لمتغيري: التخصص ولصالح الطلبة من ذوي التخصص الأدبي، ولمتغير مكان السكن ولصالح الطلبة الذين يسكنون في المخيم. الكلمات المفتاحية: واقع، التعليم الإلكتروني، فيروس كورونا، جامعة خضوري. Abstract The study aimed to know the role of the reality of e-learning in light of the Corona pandemic on the satisfaction of the students of Kadoorie University from their point of view. The descriptive field survey method was used as a method for the study. The study population consisted of all students of Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie) Ramallah Branch, male and female, for the academic year 2020/2021, and their number was (817) male and female students, and the study sample consisted of (25%) of the study population; It amounted to (204) male and female students from Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), Ramallah Branch, which were chosen by random stratified method.The results of the study showed the students’ dissatisfaction among the students of Kadoorie University in Palestine for the role of the reality of e-learning in a significant way during the Corona pandemic due to the disappearance of the effect of the hidden undeclared curriculum, and the general average of the total score of the tool was with a “medium” effectiveness degree and its response rate (66.3%) and with a standard deviation of (0.691). ) and an average response (3.316). As for the total score for the first field, it was with a “medium” impact degree with a response rate of (63.7%), a standard deviation (0.774), and an average response (3.184), as for the total score for the second field, it was with a “medium” impact degree with a response rate (68.3%), with a standard deviation of (0.698), and the mean response (3.413). It also showed that there were no differences in the responses of the study sample due to the variables: gender, educational level, while there were statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample due to the two variables: specialization and in favor of students with literary specialization, and the variable of place of residence and in favor of students who live in the camp. Keywords: reality, E-learning, Corona virus, Kadoorie University.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document