scholarly journals Results of municipal waste compost research over more than fifty years at the Institute for Soil Fertility at Haren/Groningen, the Netherlands.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
S. de Haan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Compost Soil ◽  
Municipal Waste Compost

Until about 1950, municipal waste compost in the Netherlands was used principally on agricultural soils (mainly reclaimed cut-over peat and heath soils). Between 1950 and 1970, about equal proportions of compost were utilized in agriculture, horticulture and in amenity areas. Since 1970, amenity areas have demanded more than 90% of the compost. The main producer of municipal waste compost in the Netherlands is the VAM Waste Disposal Company, with a production level of about 100,000 tonnes per year. Its domestic refuse recycling plant recovers about 33% of organic residues suitable for compost production. Microelement contents and Ca and S levels in the compost are high, N, P and K contents and availability are low, and the organic matter content is c. 30% (dry matter basis). Biennial applications of up to 40 t/ha of compost between 1948 and 1975 resulted in large increases in microelement concentrations in crops and especially in soils. The Zn content of crops in a range of compost/soil mixtures increased with increasing compost/soil ratio, and crop growth was greatest in 100% compost. The current tendency in the Netherlands towards large-scale recycling of municipal waste may lead to increased compost production. Because the recreational sector can only absorb limited quantities, this compost would largely be disposed of on agricultural land. In such a situation limits for maximum permissible concentrations of potentially toxic substances in this compost, and maximum permissible application rates, would need to be set: for sewage sludge such limits already exist. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

UPAYA MEMPERTAHANKAN BUNGA DAN FRUIT SET TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annum L.) PADA LAHAN ULTISOL MELALUI PEMBERIAN LUMPUR LAUT DAN PUPUK KANDANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Imelda J Lawalatta ◽  
Francina Matulessy ◽  
Meitty L Hehanussa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
Marine Mud

Chili (Capsicum annum L.) often experience the highest price fluctuations in Indonesia. This is caused by the production that is often disrupted in certain months, especially in the months in the rainy season due to flowers and fruits that fall before the harvest. Since agricultural land has changed its function for infrastructure development, marginal land (Ultisol) is used. The ultisol problem is: high acidity, low organic matter content, nutrient deficiency important for plants (eg N, P, Ca, Mg and Mo) and high solubility of Al, Fe and Mn. The provision of organic materials such as manure and marine mud will overcome the problem of acid-rich mineral soil and play an important role in improving, increased and maintaining sustainable land productivity. Research results for chili flower significantly. the highest number of flowers found in the treatment of L0P3, L1P2, L1P3 and L2P3 that is > 60 flower/plant. There was a single factor effect for the amount of fruit, mostly found in L3 treatment (600 ton/ha marine mud) that is 22.36 fruit/plant. The treatment of manure significantly influenced the formation of the most fruit set in the treatment of P0 and P2 (without manure and manure 20 ton/ha) that is 77.60% and 70.,45%. Keywords: Ultisol, Marine mud, Manure, Flowers and Fruit sets   ABSTRAK Tanaman cabai besar (Capsicum annum L.) sering mengalami fluktuasi harga paling tinggi di Indonesia. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh produksi yang sering terganggu pada bulan tertentu terutama pada bulan-bulan di musim penghujan dikarenakan bunga dan buah yang rontok sebelum panen. Karena lahan pertanian banyak beralih fungsinya untuk pembangunan infrastuktur, maka digunakan lahan marginal (Ultisol). Masalah ultisol ialah: kemasaman tinggi, kadar bahan organik yang rendah, kekurangan unsur hara penting bagi tanaman (contoh: N, P, Ca, Mg dan Mo) serta tingginya kelarutan Al, Fe dan Mn. Pemberian bahan organik seperti pupuk kandang dan Lumpur laut akan mengatasi persoalan tanah mineral masam berkadar Al tinggi dan berperan penting dalam memperbaiki, meningkatkan serta mempertahankan produktifitas lahan secara berkelanjutan Hasil Penelitian untuk jumlah bunga cabai berpengaruh signifikan. jumlah bunga terbanyak terdapat pada perlakuan L0P3, L1P2, L1P3 dan L2P3 yaitu > 60 bunga/tanaman. Terjadi pengaruh faktor tunggal untuk jumlah buah, terbanyak terdapat pada perlakuan L3 ( 600 ton/ha lumpur laut) yaitu 22,36 buah/tanaman. Perlakuan pupuk kandang berpengaruh signifikan Pembentukan fruit set terbanyak pada perlakuan P0 dan P2 (tanpa pupuk kandang dan pupuk kandang 20 ton/ha) yaitu 77,60% dan 70,45%. Kata kunci: Ultisol, Lumpur Laut, Pupuk Kandang, Bunga dan Fruit set

scholarly journals Retention of the Antibiotic Cefuroxime onto Agricultural and Forest Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4663
Author(s):  
Raquel Cela-Dablanca ◽  
Carolina Nebot ◽  
Lucia Rodríguez López ◽  
David Ferández-Calviño ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Soil Colloids

Antibiotics in wastewater, sewage sludge, manures, and slurries constitute a risk for the environment when spread on soils. This work studies the adsorption and desorption of the antibiotic cefuroxime (CFX) in 23 agricultural and forest soils, using batch-type experiments. Our results show that the adsorption values were between 40.75 and 99.57% in the agricultural soils, while the range was lower (from 74.57 to 93.46%) in forest soils. Among the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Linear models, the Freundlich equation shows the best fit for the adsorption results. In addition, agricultural soils with higher pH are the ones that present the highest adsorption. Further confirmation of the influence of pH on adsorption is given by the fact that Freundlich’s KF parameter and the Linear model Kd parameter shows a positive correlation with pH and with the exchangeable Ca and Mg values, which are known to affect the charges of the soil colloids and the formation of cationic bridges between adsorbents and adsorbate. In addition, Freundlich’s n parameter shows a positive and significant correlation with the organic matter content, related to the high adsorption taking place on forest soils despite their pH < 5. Regarding desorption, in most cases, it is lower than 1%, which indicates that CFX is adsorbed in a rather irreversible way onto these soils. Overall, these results can be considered relevant regarding their potential impact on environmental quality and public health.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Morera ◽  
J. Echeverría ◽  
J. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The recycling of sewage sludge to agricultural land results in the slow accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn applied to soils in urban anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge. The soils were Lithic Haplumbrept (Lh), Calcixerollic Xerochrept (Cx1 and Cx2) and Paralithic Xerorthent (Px). Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L) were grown in the soils following amendment with the sludge. The addition of sewage sludge markedly increased the average dry weight of the plants in the soils that had lower yields without sludge addition (Lh, Cx2, and Px). The acid pH of the Lh soil favoured the bioavailability of Zn from sewage sludge. The bioavailability of Cu was greater in the alkaline soils than in the acidic soil (Lh), which can be attributed to the high organic matter content of the Lh soil which complexes Cu and impairs its uptake by the plants. The concentration of metals in the plants increased with the sewage sludge dose. The effect of the soil type on the metal concentration in plants was greater that the effect of the dose. Key words: Soils, sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioavailability, sunflower

Lime loss rates from arable and grassland soils

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. CHAMBERS ◽  
T. W. D. GARWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loss Rates

Lime loss rates were determined for 11 agricultural soils across England (1987–92) under arable cropping (six sites) and grassland management (five sites), receiving commercial rates of fertilizer inputs. Lime additions in the range 0–1500 kg ha−1 CaCO3 (250 kg ha−1 CaCO3 increments) were made annually to the sites. Soil pH (water and 0·01 m CaCl2) and exchangeable calcium concentrations were measured annually. The annual lime loss rates were calculated as the amount of lime needed to maintain the initial site pH or exchangeable Ca concentrations.Lime loss rates based on soil water pH varied between 40 and 1270 kg ha−1 CaCO3, on the basis of CaCl2 pH between 0 and 1370 kg ha−1 CaCO3, and exchangeable Ca between 0 and 1540 kg ha−1 CaCO3. There was a positive relationship between the lime loss rate (based on water pH) and initial soil pH value (r=0·75; P<0·01), and a negative relationship with soil organic matter content (r=0·63; P<0·05) was based on soil pH, organic matter content and nitrogen (N) fertilizer input. Lime loss rates were approximately double those predicted by previous models developed in the 1970s, reflecting the greater quantities of inorganic N fertilizer now being applied to agricultural land.

scholarly journals Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility for the recovery of a saline soil with organic amendments

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-430
Author(s):  
Judith Prieto Méndez ◽  
Francisco Prieto García ◽  
Nallely Trejo González ◽  
Yolanda Marmolejo Santillán ◽  
Otilio Arturo Acevedo Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soil Colloids

ABSTRACT The accumulation of salts in the soil profile produces conditions that affect the growth of crops. The effects of these conditions on crops and the intensity of these effects depend on the quantity and type of salts that predominate and are also influenced by soil characteristics and climate, among other aspects. The salinization of agricultural soils is a serious problem facing agriculture today. The use of organic amendments has increased in recent years, acting on the texture of the soil, correcting compaction or granularity problems, and influencing chemical and/or biological reactions. The objectives of this work were to analyze the use of compost and vermicompost using different analysis techniques to determine the influence of conditions on the remediation of a saline soil. In saturation extracts of soil, compost, and vermicompost, a Zeta potential value 2.34-2.44 times more negative (more-stable colloids) than that in the soil colloids was observed in the amendments. The values of electrophoretic mobility were more negative in the organic amendments compared with the soil. This is the first time that these parameters have been reported for these purposes and for a saline soil. In this study, the soil has low organic matter content (1.65%), so these amendments are expected to improve soil quality and texture, achieving the recovery of saline soils.

Plastic limits of agricultural soils as functions of soil texture and organic matter content

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Keller ◽  
Anthony R. Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Yield Information

The plastic limits (lower plastic limit, PL; and liquid limit, LL) are important soil properties that can yield information on soil mechanical behaviour. The objective of this paper is to study the plastic limits of agricultural soils as functions of soil texture and organic matter (OM) content. The plastic limits were highly related to the clay content. The LL was more strongly correlated with clay than was PL, but the reasons are unclear. Interestingly, PL was virtually unaffected by clay content for soils with clay contents below ~35%. The OM had a strong effect on the plastic limits. This effect was clearly demonstrated when analysing soils of similar texture with a range of OM. We present equations (pedotransfer functions) for estimation of PL, LL, and plasticity index (PI) from soil texture and OM. Finally, we predict that the clay content must be ≥10% for soils without OM to be plastic; however, soils with <10% clay can be plastic if OM is present. More research is needed to investigate OM effects on soil consistency.

scholarly journals Effects on nutrient availability in agricultural soils following the application of slurry amended with additives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Inorganic Fertiliser

In many farm systems, both inorganic and organic fertilisers, including manure and slurry, are applied to the soil to replenish nutrient offtake in agricultural products and additional nutrient losses to soil as well as surface water and groundwater. With respect to sole reliance on inorganic fertilisers, the use of manure/slurry as a nutrient resource offers important benefits, including the reuse and recycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within farming systems as well as a reduction in the reliance on agricultural production on finite inorganic fertiliser reserves. There is increasing interest in the extent to which additives can enhance the nutrient value of slurry/manure. However, little is known about the impacts of these amended slurries/manures on the quantity and composition of N and P within agricultural and pasture soils. We report data from incubation experiments in which soils received a range of treatments, including the application of livestock slurry that had received a mixture of commercial additives. Our experiments were designed to understand how slurry that has received additives ultimately affects nutrient availability in organic, clay-loam and sandy-loam grassland soils. The addition of the additives to slurry resulted in a slight increase or no difference in total solids, pH, total N, ammonium-N, total P, total potassium, total magnesium and total sodium compared to the untreated counterpart. We considered the effects of our treatments on a range of agronomically important soil parameters, including Olsen-P, mineral-N, available-K, pH and organic matter content. This experiment aimed to understand the extent to which soil fertility could be enhanced through the application of slurries/manures that have received additives. The application of both amended and unamended slurry treatments on soil led to higher values of NH4-N, available-K, available Mg and pH than the addition of inorganic fertiliser. In addition, no substantial differences were observed between the treatment of the three soils with unamended and amended slurry.

scholarly journals The Cs-137 contamination of soils in the Netherlands and its consequences for the contamination of crop products.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
M.J. Frissel ◽  
J.F. Stoutjesdijk ◽  
A.C. Koolwijk ◽  
H.W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Plant Transfer ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Averaging Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Space Effects

On 2-4 May 1986 the Netherlands was contaminated with radioactive caesium originating from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl. Radiation measurements indicated that the major part of the contamination was associated with rainfall. A sampling and analysis programme confirmed this assumption. To estimate the uptake of Cs-134 and Cs-137 by crops in the future, use was made of the data of the Soil-to-Plant Transfer working group of the IUR (International Union of Radioecologists). The IUR data provide predictor values for the transfer of radionuclides for particular types of crops and soils. Correction factors are presented for the impact of pH, organic matter content and reduction of the availability of radionuclides with time. Uncertainties associated with averaging time and space effects and local differences as well as 95% confidence limits are provided. The predicted levels for edible parts of crops in the Netherlands vary between 0.1 and 10 Bq kg-1 on a dry weight base. On a fresh weight base these values are even lower. The predicted transfer values are compared with results of uptake experiments at RIVM. It can be concluded that, for the range of conditions tested, there is no indication of severe deviations from the predicted uptake due to local conditions in the Netherlands. Therefore the derived equations for the prediction of the uptake of Cs-137 can be applied. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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