scholarly journals Moisture content of cereals at harvesting time by comparing microclimate values and standard weather data

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
A.J. Atzema
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Equilibrium ◽  
Screen House

The moisture content of wheat and barley together with the weather elements were measured at 3 different experimental sites in the Netherlands in 1990-91. The difference in the dew point temperature in the screen[house] and in the field was small. However, the differences between air temperature in the screen and those at different heights in wheat and in barley stands were considerable. In daytime the surface temperature of barley was higher than that of wheat under the same weather conditions as a result of a higher absorbtion coefficient. Both for wheat and barley, the maximum difference between the calculated moisture content was 0.5%, using the air temperature at 1.5 m height from the nearest standard weather station and the surface temperature of the spikes. Barley had a greater daily cycle in the moisture content of the grains than wheat as a result of a high equilibrium moisture content during the night and a low one in daytime.

Modelling pavement temperature for winter maintenance operations

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Sherif ◽  
Yasser Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Pavement Temperature

Road and highway maintenance is vital for the safety of citizens and for enabling emergency and security services to perform their essential functions. Accumulation of snow and (or) ice on the pavement surface during the wintertime substantially increases the risk of road crashes and can have negative impact on the economy of the region. Recently, road maintenance engineers have used pavement surface temperature as a guide to the application of deicers. Stations for road weather information systems (RWIS) have been installed across Europe and North America to collect data that can be used to predict weather conditions such as air temperature. Modelling pavement surface temperature as a function of such weather conditions (air temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and wind speed) can provide an additional component that is essential for winter maintenance operations. This paper uses data collected by RWIS stations at the City of Ottawa to device a procedure that maximizes the use of a data batch containing complete, partially complete, and unusable data and to study the relationship between the pavement surface temperature and weather variables. Statistical models were developed, where stepwise regression was first applied to eliminate those variables whose estimated coefficients are not statistically significant. The remaining variables were further examined according to their contribution to the criterion of best fit and their physical relationships to each other to eliminate multicollinearities. The models were further corrected for the autocorrelation in their error structures. The final version of the developed models may then be used as a part of the decision-making process for winter maintenance operations.Key words: winter maintenance, pavement temperature, statistical modelling, RWIS.

Measurement of indoor environmental parameters and analysis of the condensation phenomenon in urban utility tunnels

2022 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110564
Author(s):  
Chuanmin Tai ◽  
Guansan Tian ◽  
Wenjun Lei
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Water Supply Pipeline

Condensation is a major issue in the safe operation of utility tunnels. To address the condensation problem, the indoor air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and surface temperature in an urban utility tunnel in Jining were continuously measured, and the condensation conditions were surveyed and analysed. The results indicated that under natural ventilation conditions, the air temperature in the comprehensive cabin varied from 23.4°C to 24.5°C, the RH fluctuated between 86.4% and 95.3%, and the corresponding air dew point temperature (DPT) remained in the range of 22.2°C–22.9°C. The surface temperature of the water supply pipeline ranged from 17.8°C to 18.5°C, which was far lower than the DPT in the tunnel, resulting in serious condensation. A water supply pipeline with an anti-condensation design was developed based on environmental test data. A 25-mm-thick rubber plastic sponge insulation layer was used to thermally insulate the water supply pipeline, preventing further dew condensation. Furthermore, mechanical ventilation had little effect on reducing the RH in the tunnel and may actually cause dew condensation; therefore, a ventilation control mode was proposed in this study. These results are expected to provide basic data for further research and reference for the safe management of utility tunnels.

scholarly journals Sea surface temperature variations in the south-eastern BalticSea in 1960–2015

Baltica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Rukšėnienė ◽  
Inga Dailidienė ◽  
Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė ◽  
Tarmo Soomere
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

This study focuses on time scales and spatial variations of interrelations between average weather conditions and sea surface temperature (SST), and long-term changes in the SST in south-eastern Baltic Sea. The analysis relies on SST samples measured in situ four times a year in up to 17 open sea monitoring stations in Lithuanian waters in 1960–2015. A joint application of non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis reveals four distinct SST regimes and associated sub-regions in the study area. The increase in SST has occurred during both winter and summer seasons in 1960–2015 whereas the switch from relatively warm summer to colder autumn temperatures has been shifted by 4–6 weeks over this time in all sub-regions. The annual average air temperature and SST have increased by 0.03°C yr–1 and 0.02°C yr–1, respectively, from 1960 till 2015. These data are compared with air temperatures measured in coastal meteorological stations and averaged over time intervals from 1 to 9 weeks. Statistically significant positive correlation exists between the SST and the average air temperature. This correlation is strongest for the averaging interval of 35 days.

scholarly journals Field Measurement of PV Array Temperature for Tracking and Concentrating 1 k WpGenerators Installed in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Effendy Ya’acob ◽  
H. Hizam ◽  
M. Amran M. Radzi ◽  
M. Z. A. A. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Bottom Temperature ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Condition ◽  
Pv Generator

The effect of temperature elements for PV array with tracking and concentrating features installed in the tropical ground condition is presented. The temperature segment covers ambient temperature and surface and bottom temperature for three types of PV generator systems, namely, Fixed Flat (FF), Tracking Flat (TF), and Concentrating PV (CPV) generators. The location of measuring the cell temperature,Tcfor the PV module is still being debated by researchers with the issue of how much the cell temperature (Tc) is being affected by the surface temperature (Ts), bottom temperature (Tb), and surrounding temperature (Ta) furthermore when it is located in fluctuating weather conditions. In this study,ΔTis calculated based on the difference between surface temperature and bottom-side temperaturewhichever the highest recorded at site for different kinds of PV generator systems but using the same CEEG 95 W monocrystalline PV module. The study embraces the direct correlation of various temperature elements in tropical-based condition withΔTvalues of 2.19°C for FF module, 2.22°C for TF module, and 2.72°C for CPV module. These values which reflect the different unique configurations are further analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test forTarraymodels. This study supports the continuous research in adapting PV technology for Malaysia.

Weather Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network and Bayesian Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klent Gomez Abistado ◽  
◽  
Catherine N. Arellano ◽  
Elmer A. Maravillas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Artificial Neural

This paper presents a scheme of weather forecasting using artificial neural network (ANN) and Bayesian network. The study focuses on the data representing central Cebu weather conditions. The parameters used in this study are as follows: mean dew point, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, mean temperature, mean relative humidity, rainfall, average wind speed, prevailing wind direction, and mean cloudiness. The weather data were collected from the PAG-ASA Mactan-Cebu Station located at latitude: 10°19´, longitude: 123°59´ starting from January 2011 to December 2011 and the values available represent daily averages. These data were used for training the multi-layered backpropagation ANN in predicting the weather conditions of the succeeding days. Some outputs from the ANN, such as the humidity, temperature, and amount of rainfall, are fed to the Bayesian network for statistical analysis to forecast the probability of rain. Experiments show that the system achieved 93%–100% accuracy in forecasting weather conditions.

scholarly journals The Vertical Stratification of Air Temperature in the Center of Athens

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Georgakis ◽  
M. Santamouris ◽  
G. Kaisarlis
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Urban Geometry ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The intraurban temperature variation in the center of Athens, Greece, was investigated in relation to urban geometry. This paper describes two main tasks: 1) Air temperature was recorded in the center of Athens and at the Meteorological Service Station at the University of Athens. Experimental data were collected through extensive monitoring at four different heights inside five different urban canyons in the center of Athens during the summer period. A measurement uncertainty analysis was carried out to estimate critical threshold values of air temperature below which differences were not significant. 2) The correlation between urban–suburban air temperature differences was assessed, using the geometrical characteristics of each urban street canyon. Urban–rural air temperature differences were considered to be not important if they were below the threshold value of 0.3°C. It was concluded that the major factor controlling urban–suburban air temperature differences was the geometry of the urban area. Other factors were the orientation of the observational sites, the current weather conditions, and the inversion of air masses adjacent to the ground level. An increase in the value of aspect ratios leads to a decrease in the difference between air inside the canyons and at the suburban station. The air temperature profile in an open-space area was the most important defining factor for the stratification of the urban–rural air temperature differences.

scholarly journals Effects of Variable Weather Conditions on Baled Proportion of Varied Amounts of Harvestable Cereal Straw, Based on Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9449
Author(s):  
Alfredo de Toro ◽  
Carina Gunnarsson ◽  
Nils Jonsson ◽  
Martin Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Variable Weather

All harvestable cereal straw cannot be collected every year in regions where wet periods are probable during the baling season, so some Swedish studies have used 'recovery coefficients’ to estimate potential harvestable amounts. Current Swedish recovery coefficients were first formulated by researchers in the early 1990s, after discussions with crop advisors, but there are no recent Swedish publications on available baling times and recovery proportions. Therefore, this study evaluated baling operations over a series of years for representative virtual farms and machine systems in four Swedish regions, to determine the available time for baling, baled straw ratio and annual variation in both. The hourly grain moisture content of pre-harvested cereals and swathed straw was estimated using moisture models and real weather data for 22/23 years, and the results were used as input to a model for simulating harvesting and baling operations. Expected available baling time during August and September was estimated to be 39–49%, depending on region, with large annual variation (standard deviation 22%). The average baling coefficient was estimated to be 80–86%, with 1400 t·year−1 harvestable straw and 15 t·h−1 baling capacity, and the annual variation was also considerable (s.d. 20%).

IV.—A Note on the Secular Changes of Rock Temperature on the Calton Hill

1932 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
F. J. W. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
Rock Temperature ◽  
The Mean

1. The observations of rock temperature on the Calton Hill have recently been analysed by Mr R. W. Wrigley, with a view to the discovery of changes going on gradually and independent of weather conditions. Mr Wrigley took groups of years, such that the mean air temperature was the same for each group, and found the mean rock temperature for like periods. He trusted that in this way he would be able “to get rid of the surface temperature variations.” The result of the calculations was that for different periods in which the mean air temperature was the same the temperature of the rock might vary by half a degree Fahrenheit. The rock temperature had a maximum about 1856, fell until 1892, and rose after that date.

scholarly journals Effect of Meteorological and Geographical Factors on the Epidemics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Island-Type Territory, East Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Chun David Lee ◽  
Jia-Hong Tang ◽  
Jing-Shiang Hwang ◽  
Mika Shigematsu ◽  
Ta-Chien Chan
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has threatened East Asia for more than three decades and has become an important public health issue owing to its severe sequelae and mortality among children. The lack of effective treatment and vaccine for HFMD highlights the urgent need for efficiently integrated early warning surveillance systems in the region. In this study, we try to integrate the available surveillance and weather data in East Asia to elucidate possible spatiotemporal correlations and weather conditions among different areas from low to high latitude. The general additive model (GAM) was applied to understand the association between HFMD and latitude, as well as meteorological factors for islands in East Asia, namely, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, from 2012 to 2014. The results revealed that latitude was the most important explanatory factor associated with the timing and amplitude of HFMD epidemics (P<0.0001). Meteorological factors including higher dew point, lower visibility, and lower wind speed were significantly associated with the rise of epidemics (P<0.01). In summary, weather conditions and geographic location could play some role in affecting HFMD epidemics. Regional integrated surveillance of HFMD in East Asia is needed for mitigating the disease risk.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN PERSAMAAN MULTICHANNEL SEA SURFACE TEMPERATUR (MCSTT) SPLIT-WINDOW PADA SENSOR SATELIT NOAA-AVHRR UNTUK DETEKSI TEMPERATUR PERMUKAAN AIR LAUT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Mulyo Widodo ◽  
Nizirwan Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Difference

<em> Sea surface temperatures have a great influence on weather conditions and terrestrial climates. The phenomena that occur in the oceans such as La Nina and El Nino also have a great impact on the changing world weather. For that required data of sea surface temperature up to date. The remote sensing technology can be used to monitor up-to-date seawater temperatures using NOAA's AVHRR-rated NOAA radios that have three thermal infrared channels, namely channel 3 (3.33-3.93μm), channel 4 (10.3 -11,3μm), and channel 5 (11,5 - 12μm) and by using Split-Window Multichannel Sea Surface Temperature (MCSTT) to calculate sea surface temperature. In this research will be an analysis of the accuracy of the use of these equations for tropical perariran in Indonesia. Field verification performed on the coast in Tuban region with geographical coordinates (6.83099<sup>o</sup>- 6.76149<sup>o</sup> SL and 112,029<sup>o</sup>-112,101<sup>o</sup>EL) by measuring the temperature at 30 points for comparison. The results of these measurements are then tested statistics Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the results of temperature data obtained from the calculation and measurement of both normal distribution then because the normal distribution is done t test with 95% confidence level to compare between the temperature obtained from the calculation by using the value gray pixels with temperature measurements in the field turned out the average population is not the same or different significantly and the difference between the temperature shown image with temperature measurement results of 0.9886 <sup>o</sup>C</em>

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