scholarly journals Root density and root biomass in pure and mixed forest stands of Douglas-fir and beech

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M.A. Hendriks ◽  
F.J.J.A. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Rooting Pattern ◽  
Below Ground

Below-ground interactions possibly play an important role in the success of mixed forests. Therefore, root density, root length, root biomass and rooting pattern were surveyed in representative pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the Veluwe area of central Netherlands. Each type of stand was represented by stands approximately 40 and 70 years old. The study was restricted to fine roots (

scholarly journals Does the Mixture of Species change the C:N:P Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of fine Roots? A Case Study of Cupressus Funebris Mixed Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchun He ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiaochen Wen ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Baoru Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract The growth of fine roots of trees is affected by environmental changes and biological factors. At present, there have been many researches on the physiological plasticity of fine roots caused by environmental changes, but there are still few studies on the influence of biological factors on fine roots. This paper focused on the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in different root orders of Cupressus funebris fine roots in 11 mixed stands with Koelreuteria paniculate or Toona sinensis at different ratios, and the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the root chemical properties. It aimed to provide new insights into the fine-root nutrient distribution pattern and the transformation or reconstruction of low-efficiency pure forests from the standpoint of forest types. The results showed that: soil pH, and the content of available nitrogen (SAN), available phosphorus (SAP) and available potassium (SAK) differed significantly in the tested mixed forest stands. No significant differences in carbon content of fine roots were observed in different mixed stands. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in fine roots in mixed forests showed heterogeneity. Species mixing changed the C/N, C/P and N/P of the C. funebris compared the pure stands. The "T. sinensis + C. funebris" forest alleviated the limitation of the lack of phosphorus on fine roots of C. funebris on. The principal component analysis showed that mixed stands of "T. sinensis + C. funebris" had the highest comprehensive score at ratio of "3:1". Thus, our results recommended the adoption of T. sinensis, especially at 75%, to reconstruct the low-efficiency pure C. funebris forest.

scholarly journals Production potential of Douglas fir at mesotrophic sites of Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Mature Stands

: The study evaluates production parameters (height, diameter at breast height, volume) of Douglas fir (<I>Pseudotsuga menziesii</I> [Mirb.] Franco) at mesotrophic sites of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise in mature stands. In total, 29 mixed stands were assessed with the registered proportion of Douglas fir at an age of 85 to 136 years. Comparing the 10 largest Douglas firs with the 10 largest spruces or larches higher, and as a rule markedly higher, production potential of introduced Douglas fir was found in all assessed stands. There were also groups of trees where the volume of Douglas fir was twice to 3 times higher than the volume of spruce or larch (see Tabs. 5 to 10). For example, in stand 177B11, the mean volume of 9.12 m<sup>3</sup> was recorded in the 10 largest Douglas fir trees but the volume of spruce reached only 3.17 m<sup>3</sup> and the volume of larch was 3.70 m<sup>3</sup>. Differences in mensurational parameters of Douglas fir found on the one hand and of Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) or European larch (<I>Larix decidua</I> Mill.) on the other hand compared by ANOVA tests were statistically highly significant. Annual ring analyses have shown that at present the volume increment of particular Douglas fir trees ranges from 0.12 to 0.16 m<sup>3</sup> per year in mature stands (i.e. about 1.5 m<sup>3</sup> every 10 years).

Above- and below-ground net production in 40-year-old Douglas-fir stands on low and high productivity sites

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Keyes ◽  
Charles C. Grier
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Net Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Productivity Potential

Above- and below-ground net primary production was estimated for 40-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands growing on sites with apparently large differences in productivity potential. Aboveground net production was estimated from direct measurements of tree growth; belowground productivity was derived from data obtained by sorting live and dead roots from soil cores used in combination with measurements of root growth on observation windows.Aboveground net production was 13.7 t•ha−1 on the high productivity site and 7.3 t•ha−1 on the low productivity site. Belowground dry matter production on the high productivity site was 4.1 t•ha−1 compared with 8.1 t•ha−1 for the poorer site. On the more productive site, 8% of total stand dry matter production was in fine roots in contrast to over 36% on the poorer site. The difference in total net production (aboveground plus belowground) between the two sites was small (2.4 t•ha−1). Apparent differences in aboveground productivity may, to a large extent, result from the need for a greater investment in the fine roots on harsher sites.

scholarly journals Mycobiota of Fine Roots of Pseudotsuga menziesii Introduced to the Native Forest Environment

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Marta Damszel ◽  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Katarzyna Sikora ◽  
Agata Młodzińska ◽  
Sławomir Piętka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Introduced Trees

The mycobiota of the fine roots of Pseudotsuga menziesii were studied as a measure of the adaptation of this alien species to new soil and climatic conditions. We hypothesized that after approximately 130 years of growth in a given habitat, the fungal community colonizing the fine roots of introduced trees would resemble the biota of Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica in surrounding stands of similar age and site conditions. The genetic material isolated from the fine roots was subjected to metagenomic analysis. We recorded 33, 97 and 95 OTUs exclusively from root samples of Douglas fir, beech and pine, respectively; 124 were common to all sample types. The biota from the roots of P. menziesii featured a less diverse taxonomic composition and were characterized by the highest proportion of symbiotrophs (71.8%) versus saprothrophs (5.6%) and pathogens (0.24%). Some fungal taxa (19) in the roots of P. menziesii were common with the biota in the roots of other adjacent trees, while some (7) were unique to Douglas fir. Our results indicate a locally differentiated strategy of naturalness of fungi inhabiting soil and roots of P. menziesii, although 130 years have passed since the introduction of the species.

scholarly journals RAINFALL REGIME ON FINE ROOT GROWTH IN A SEASONALLY DRY TROPICAL FOREST

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-469
Author(s):  
EUNICE MAIA DE ANDRADE ◽  
GILBERTO QUEVEDO ROSA ◽  
ALDENIA MENDES MASCENA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
ANTONIO GIVANILSON RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽  
MARIA GINA TORRES SENA
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Fine Root Length ◽  
Fine Root Growth

ABSTRACT Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) usually present dry seasons of eight or more months. Considering the concerns about the resilience of SDTF to climate changes, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rainfall regime on fine root growth in a SDTF. The experiment started at the end of the wet season (July 2015), when fine roots were evaluated and ingrowth cores were implemented. The temporal growth of fine roots in the 0-30 cm soil layer was monitored, considering the 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm sublayers, through six samplings from November 2015 to July 2017. The characteristics evaluated were fine root biomass, fine root length, fine root specific length, and fine root mean diameter. The significances of the root growths over time and space were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Fine roots (Ø<2 mm) were separated and dried in an oven (65 °C) until constant weight. The root length was determined using the Giaroots software. The fine root biomass in July 2015 was 7.7±5.0 Mg ha-1 and the length was 5.0±3.2 km m-2. Fine root growth in SDTF is strongly limited by dry periods, occurring decreases in biomass and length of fine roots in all layers evaluated. Fine root growth occurs predominantly in rainy seasons, with fast response of the root system to rainfall events, mainly in root length.

Quantification of Root Biomass in Post-Mining Areas in the Municipality of Capitão Poço – PA, Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Jamilie Brito De Castro ◽  
Renisson Neponuceno De Araújo Filho ◽  
Victor Casimiro Piscoya ◽  
Cristiane Maria Gonçalves Crespo ◽  
Renata de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Diameter Classes

The present work aimed to quantify the concentrations and biomass stock of fine andthick roots, in three areas in the municipality of Capitão Poço-PA, Brazil. The areas used were degraded area, recovery area and native forest. For soil sampling, 24 trenches were opened, measuring 70 x 70 x 100 cm. In these trenches, soil samples were taken at depths 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm and sieving was carried out.All roots and other underground plant structures that remained in the sieve were collected by manual collection. The roots were separated into two diameter classes: fine roots ≤ 5 mm and thick roots > 5 mm, kiln dried and weighed.In the analysis, higherconcentrationsofthickand fine roots were observed in an area of native forest at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. In the areas analyzed in this study, the root density in the topsoil of 0-10 cm was mainly composed of fine roots.In the three areas analyzed in this study, it was observed that from a depth of 10-20 cm there were decreases in theconcentrationsofthick roots. The area under recovery approached the area of native forest in the concentration of fine roots, demonstrating possible improvements in soil quality and recovery is probably actually taking place.

Competition and growth of a grass–legume mixture fertilised with nitrogen and phosphorus: effect on nutrient acquisition, root morphology and symbiosis with soil microorganisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Mendoza ◽  
Ileana García ◽  
Daniela Deplama ◽  
Carolina Fernández López
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation

Achieving a fast initial growth is crucial for legumes because grasses grow more rapidly and compete much better with forbs. In a pot experiment with a nutrient-deficient soil, we added nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N + P to pure and mixed stands of Lotus tenuis and Festuca arundinacea and investigated the effects of on plant growth, nutrient uptake and symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizae and rhizobia. Plant yield, N and P acquisition, mycorrhizal colonisation, rhizobial nodulation and root length were measured and root diameter and root surface area were calculated after two harvests. Species responded differently to specific nutrients when grown pure or mixed. Comparing pure with mixed stands in soils fertilised with P and N + P, L. tenuis showed decreased shoot and particularly root biomass, whereas F. arundinacea showed increases in both biomasses. This suggests that the competitiveness of the grass with the legume increased upon P and N + P addition. In mixed stands, F. arundinacea produced 51–64% of the total shoot biomass and 69–74% of the total root biomass with P and N + P, respectively. Root length and root surface area were greater and the roots thinner in F. arundinacea than in L. tenuis. Addition of P and N + P increased rhizobial nodulation in legume roots but decreased mycorrhizal colonisation in both plants. Supply of N does not necessarily favour grasses, whereas P supply favours legumes. Optimisation of P nutrition might help to maximise N inputs into grasslands by symbiotic N-fixation and decrease inputs of inorganic N by fertilisation.

HOST ASSOCIATIONS IN SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS OF CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN AND C. RETINIANA (WALSINGHAM) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON AT HIGH POPULATION DENSITIES

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis C. Schaupp
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
South Central ◽  
White Fir

Sympatric, synchronous populations of conifer-feeding Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) occur in western North America (Powell 1980). Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, the western spruce budworm, co-exists with C. retiniana, the Modoc budworm, in mixed stands of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and true firs, Abies spp. Choristoneura occidentalis has brown larvae and a broad geographic distribution associated with one of its principle hosts, Douglas-fir (Stehr 1967). Larvae of C. retiniana are green and feed on true firs, particularly white fir, Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. (Stehr 1967; Carolin et al. 1987).

Root dynamics of tallgrass prairie in wet and dry years

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Hayes ◽  
T. R. Seastedt
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Biomass Turnover ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Below Ground

Root dynamics were studied using root windows at Konza Prairie, a tallgrass prairie in north central Kansas, during dry (1984) and wet (1985) years. Amounts, production, and disappearance of root length decreased during drought but increased when rains resumed; however, standing crop remained low. The 1985 root lengths increased throughout the growing season, while production and disappearance remained constant. Yearly summaries of amounts, productivity, and decomposition by 10-cm increments in soil depth show that the effect of drought on these variables decreased with increasing soil depth. Turnover rates of root length averaged 564 in the dry year versus 389% in the wet year, with the largest difference noted in the 0- to 10-cm depth (800 in 1984 versus 540% in 1985). Production and decay patterns observed using root windows were also noted in root biomass data (obtained from soil cores). The average total root biomass turnover rate was 31%. Failure to sort below-ground materials into tissue types (rhizomes, roots) and live versus dead status results in reduced estimates of biomass turnover rates. The greatest possible separation of plant components presents the most comprehensive picture of (belowground) growth dynamics.

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